35 research outputs found
Estimating the location of the open-closed magnetic field line boundary from auroral images
The open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) delimits the region of open magnetic flux forming the polar cap in the Earth’s ionosphere. We present a reliable, automated method for determining the location of the poleward auroral luminosity boundary (PALB) from far ultraviolet (FUV) images of the aurora, which we use as a proxy for the OCB. This technique models latitudinal profiles of auroral luminosity as both a single and double Gaussian function with a quadratic background to produce estimates of the PALB without prior knowledge of the level of auroral activity
or of the presence of bifurcation in the auroral oval. We
have applied this technique to FUV images recorded by the
IMAGE satellite from May 2000 until August 2002 to produce
a database of over a million PALB location estimates,
which is freely available to download. From this database,
we assess and illustrate the accuracy and reliability of this technique during varying geomagnetic conditions. We find that up to 35% of our PALB estimates are made from double Gaussian fits to latitudinal intensity profiles, in preference to single Gaussian fits, in nightside magnetic local time (MLT) sectors. The accuracy of our PALBs as a proxy for the location of the OCB is evaluated by comparison with particle precipitation boundary (PPB) proxies from the DMSP satellites. We demonstrate the value of this technique in estimating the total rate of magnetic reconnection from the time variation of the polar cap area calculated from our OCB estimates
Impact-ionization and noise characteristics of thin III-V avalanche photodiodes
It is, by now, well known that McIntyre\u27s localized carrier-multiplication theory cannot explain the suppression of excess noise factor observed in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that make use of thin multiplication regions. We demonstrate that a carrier multiplication model that incorporates the effects of dead space, as developed earlier by Hayat et al. provides excellent agreement with the impact-ionization and noise characteristics of thin InP, In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As, GaAs, and Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As APDs, with multiplication regions of different widths. We outline a general technique that facilitates the calculation of ionization coefficients for carriers that have traveled a distance exceeding the dead space (enabled carriers), directly from experimental excess-noise-factor data. These coefficients depend on the electric field in exponential fashion and are independent of multiplication width, as expected on physical grounds. The procedure for obtaining the ionization coefficients is used in conjunction with the dead-space-multiplication theory (DSMT) to predict excess noise factor versus mean-gain curves that are in excellent accord with experimental data for thin III-V APDs, for all multiplication-region widths
Optically-Switched Resonant Tunneling Diodes for Space-Based Optical Communication Applications
We are developing a new type of digital photo-receiver that has the potential to perform high speed optical-to-electronic conversion with a factor of 10 reduction in component count and power dissipation. In this paper, we describe the room-temperature photo-induced switching of this InP-based device which consists of an InGaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diode integrated with an InGaAs absorber layer. When illuminated at an irradiance of greater than 5 Wcm(exp -2) using 1.3 micromillimeter radiation, the resonant tunneling diode switches from a high-conductance to a low-conductance electrical state and exhibits a voltage swing of up to 800 mV
Gain-bandwidth characteristics of thin avalanche photodiodes
The frequency-response characteristics of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with thin multiplication layers are investigated by means of a recurrence technique that incorporates the history dependence of ionization coefficients. In addition, to characterize the autocorrelation function of the impulse response, new recurrence equations are derived and solved using a parallel computer. The mean frequency response and the gain-bandwidth product are computed and a simple model for the dependence of the gain-bandwidth product on the multiplication-layer width is set forth for GaAs, InP, Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As, and In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As APDs. It is shown that the dead-space effect leads to a reduction (up to 30%) in the bandwidth from that predicted by the conventional multiplication theory. Notably, calculation of the power-spectral density of the photocurrent reveals that the presence of dead space also results in a reduction in the fluctuations in the frequency response. This result is the spectral generalization of the reduction in the excess noise factor in thin APDs and reveals an added advantage of using thin APDs in ultrafast receivers
Inelastic Coulomb scattering rates due to acoustic and optical plasmon modes in coupled quantum wires
We report a theoretical study on the inelastic Coulomb scattering rate of an
injected electron in two coupled quantum wires in quasi-one-dimensional doped
semiconductors. Two peaks appear in the scattering spectrum due to the optical
and the acoustic plasmon scattering in the system. We find that the scattering
rate due to the optical plasmon mode is similar to that in a single wire but
the acoustic plasmon scattering depends crucially on its dispersion relation at
small . Furthermore, the effects of tunneling between the two wires are
studied on the inelastic Coulomb scattering rate. We show that a weak tunneling
can strongly affect the acoustic plasmon scattering.Comment: 6 Postscript figure
Carrier relaxation due to electron-electron interaction in coupled double quantum well structures
We calculate the electron-electron interaction induced energy-dependent
inelastic carrier relaxation rate in doped semiconductor coupled double quantum
well nanostructures within the two subband approximation at zero temperature.
In particular, we calculate, using many-body theory, the imaginary part of the
full self-energy matrix by expanding in the dynamically RPA screened Coulomb
interaction, obtaining the intrasubband and intersubband electron relaxation
rates in the ground and excited subbands as a function of electron energy. We
separate out the single particle and the collective excitation contributions,
and comment on the effects of structural asymmetry in the quantum well on the
relaxation rate. Effects of dynamical screening and Fermi statistics are
automatically included in our many body formalism rather than being
incorporated in an ad-hoc manner as one must do in the Boltzman theory.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figure
Unbound states in quantum heterostructures
We report in this review on the electronic continuum states of semiconductor Quantum Wells and Quantum Dots and highlight the decisive part played by the virtual bound states in the optical properties of these structures. The two particles continuum states of Quantum Dots control the decoherence of the excited electron – hole states. The part played by Auger scattering in Quantum Dots is also discussed