2,127 research outputs found
A general approach to quantum dynamics using a variational master equation: Application to phonon-damped Rabi rotations in quantum dots
We develop a versatile master equation approach to describe the
non-equilibrium dynamics of a two-level system in contact with a bosonic
environment, which allows for the exploration of a wide range of parameter
regimes within a single formalism. As an experimentally relevant example, we
apply this technique to the study of excitonic Rabi rotations in a driven
quantum dot, and compare its predictions to the numerical Feynman integral
approach. We find excellent agreement between the two methods across a
generally difficult range of parameters. In particular, the variational master
equation technique captures effects usually considered to be non-perturbative,
such as multi-phonon processes and bath-induced driving renormalisation, and
can give reliable results even in regimes in which previous master equation
approaches fail.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Published version, revised title, minor changes
to the tex
Entanglement distribution for a practical quantum-dot-based quantum processor architecture
We propose a quantum dot (QD) architecture for enabling universal quantum information processing. Quantum registers, consisting of arrays of vertically stacked self-assembled semiconductor QDs, are connected by chains of in-plane self-assembled dots. We propose an entanglement distributor, a device for producing and distributing maximally entangled qubits on demand, communicated through in-plane dot chains. This enables the transmission of entanglement to spatially separated register stacks, providing a resource for the realization of a sizeable quantum processor built from coupled register stacks of practical size. Our entanglement distributor could be integrated into many of the present proposals for self-assembled QD-based quantum computation (QC). Our device exploits the properties of simple, relatively short, spin-chains and does not require microcavities. Utilizing the properties of self-assembled QDs, after distribution the entanglement can be mapped into relatively long-lived spin qubits and purified, providing a flexible, distributed, off-line resource. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
Freezing distributed entanglement in spin chains
We show how to freeze distributed entanglement that has been created from the
natural dynamics of spin chain systems. The technique that we propose simply
requires single-qubit operations and isolates the entanglement in specific
qubits at the ends of branches. Such frozen entanglement provides a useful
resource, for example for teleportation or distributed quantum processing. The
scheme can be applied to a wide range of systems -- including actual spin
systems and alternative qubit embodiments in strings of quantum dots, molecules
or atoms.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. A (Rapid Communication
Selective spin coupling through a single exciton
We present a novel scheme for performing a conditional phase gate between two
spin qubits in adjacent semiconductor quantum dots through delocalized single
exciton states, formed through the inter-dot Foerster interaction. We consider
two resonant quantum dots, each containing a single excess conduction band
electron whose spin embodies the qubit. We demonstrate that both the two-qubit
gate, and arbitrary single-qubit rotations, may be realized to a high fidelity
with current semiconductor and laser technology.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; published version, equation formatting improved,
references adde
Wake Induced Long Range Repulsion of Aqueous Dunes.
Sand dunes rarely occur in isolation, but usually form vast dune fields. The large scale dynamics of these fields is hitherto poorly understood, not least due to the lack of longtime observations. Theoretical models usually abstract dunes in a field as self-propelled autonomous agents, exchanging mass, either remotely or as a consequence of collisions. In contrast to the spirit of these models, here we present experimental evidence that aqueous dunes interact over large distances without the necessity of exchanging mass. Interactions are mediated by turbulent structures forming in the wake of a dune, and lead to dune-dune repulsion, which can prevent collisions. We conjecture that a similar mechanism may be present in wind driven dunes, potentially explaining the observed robust stability of dune fields in different environments
High-frequency monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus response in three rural catchments to the end of the 2011–2012 drought in England
This paper uses high-frequency bankside measurements from three catchments selected as part of the UK government-funded Demonstration Test Catchments (DTC) project. We compare the hydrological and hydrochemical patterns during the water year 2011–2012 from the Wylye tributary of the River Avon with mixed land use, the Blackwater tributary of the River Wensum with arable land use and the Newby Beck tributary of the River Eden with grassland land use. The beginning of the hydrological year was unusually dry and all three catchments were in states of drought. A sudden change to a wet summer occurred in April 2012 when a heavy rainfall event affected all three catchments. The year-long time series and the individual storm responses captured by in situ nutrient measurements of nitrate and phosphorus (total phosphorus and total reactive phosphorus) concentrations at each site reveal different pollutant sources and pathways operating in each catchment. Large storm-induced nutrient transfers of nitrogen and or phosphorus to each stream were recorded at all three sites during the late April rainfall event. Hysteresis loops suggested transport-limited delivery of nitrate in the Blackwater and of total phosphorus in the Wylye and Newby Beck, which was thought to be exacerbated by the dry antecedent conditions prior to the storm. The high rate of nutrient transport in each system highlights the scale of the challenges faced by environmental managers when designing mitigation measures to reduce the flux of nutrients to rivers from diffuse agricultural sources. It also highlights the scale of the challenge in adapting to future extreme weather events under a changing climate
The Structure of the Vortex Liquid at the Surface of a Layered Superconductor
A density-functional approach is used to calculate the inhomogeneous vortex
density distribution in the flux liquid phase at the planar surface of a
layered superconductor, where the external magnetic field is perpendicular to
the superconducting layers and parallel to the surface. The interactions with
image vortices are treated within a mean field approximation as a functional of
the vortex density. Near the freezing transition strong vortex density
fluctuations are found to persist far into the bulk liquid. We also calculate
the height of the Bean-Livingston surface barrier.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX, 2 figure
Density functional theory of phase coexistence in weakly polydisperse fluids
The recently proposed universal relations between the moments of the
polydispersity distributions of a phase-separated weakly polydisperse system
are analyzed in detail using the numerical results obtained by solving a simple
density functional theory of a polydisperse fluid. It is shown that universal
properties are the exception rather than the rule.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in PR
Why Pad\'e Approximants reduce the Renormalization-Scale dependence in QFT?
We prove that in the limit where the beta function is dominated by the 1-loop
contribution (``large beta_0 limit'') diagonal Pad\'e Approximants (PA's) of
perturbative series become exactly renormalization scale (RS) independent. This
symmetry suggest that diagonal PA's are resumming correctly contributions from
higher order diagrams that are responsible for the renormalization of the
coupling-constant. Non-diagonal PA's are not exactly invariant, but generally
reduce the RS dependence as compared to partial-sums. In physical cases,
higher-order corrections in the beta function break the symmetry softly,
introducing a small scale and scheme dependence. We also compare the Pad\'e
resummation with the BLM method. We find that in the large-N_f limit using the
BLM scale is identical to resumming the series by a non-diagonal PA.Comment: 25 pages, LateX. Replaced so that the figures would fit into the page
siz
Convergence of the expansion of the Laplace-Borel integral in perturbative QCD improved by conformal mapping
The optimal conformal mapping of the Borel plane was recently used to
accelerate the convergence of the perturbation expansions in QCD. In this work
we discuss the relevance of the method for the calculation of the Laplace-Borel
integral expressing formally the QCD Green functions. We define an optimal
expansion of the Laplace-Borel integral in the principal value prescription and
establish conditions under which the expansion is convergent.Comment: 10 pages, no figure
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