Low temperature study of field induced antiferro-ferromagnetic transition in Pd doped FeRh

The first order antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition in the functional material Fe49(Rh0.93Pd0.07)51 has been studied at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. We have addressed the non-monotonic variation of lower critical field required for FM to AFM transition. It is shown that critically slow dynamics of the transition dominates below 50 K. At low temperature and high magnetic field, state of the system depends on the measurement history resulting in tunable coexistence of AFM and FM phases. By following cooling and heating in unequal magnetic field (CHUF) protocol it is shown that equilibrium state at 6 Tesla magnetic field is AFM state. Glass like FM state at 6 T (obtained after cooling in 8 T) shows reentrant transition with increasing temperature; viz. devitrification to AFM state followed by melting to FM state.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Real Space Visualization of Thermomagnetic Irreversibility within Supercooling and Superheating Spinodals in Mn1.85Co0.15SbMn_{1.85}Co_{0.15}Sb using Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy

Phase coexistence across disorder-broadened and magnetic-field-induced first order antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic transition in polycrystalline $Mn_{1.85}Co_{0.15}Sb$ has been studied mesoscopically by Scanning Hall Probe Microscope at 120K and up to 5 Tesla magnetic fields. We have observed hysteresis with varying magnetic field and the evolution of coexisting antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic state on mesoscopic length scale. These studies show that the magnetic state of the system at low field depends on the path followed to reach 120 K. The low field magnetic states are mesoscopically different for virgin and second field increasing cycle when 120 K is reached by warming from 5K, but are the same within measurement accuracy when the measuring temperature of 120K is reached from 300K by cooling

A study to determine the effect of back strengthening exercises in reducing low back pain among patients attending Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital at Kanyakumari District

INTRODUCTION: The study was undertaken to determine the effect of back strengthening exercises in reducing low back pain among patients attending Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital at Kulasekharam in Kanyakumari district. OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the effect of back strengthening exercises in reducing low back pain among patients in experimental and control group. 2. To find out the association between the level of pain with selected demographic variables such as age, gender, education, occupation and body built. HYPOTHESES: H1 – There is a significant reduction in the mean pain score of patients in experimental group than in control group. H2 – There is a significant association between the level of pain and selected demographic variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The researcher adopted a quantitative approach with two group pretest post test design. Patients attending Sree Mookambika Medical College who were diagnosed as low back pain were selected. Pre test assessment was done with Aberdeen low back pain scale and 60 patients with mild to moderate level of pain were selected and 30 samples were allotted in experimental group and 30 in control group. Back strengthening exercises was given to the experimental group. Post test was conducted to the experimental and control group on the 15th day. The collected data were analyzed based on the above mentioned objectives using the descriptive and inferential statistics. STUDY FINDINGS: The pretest of experimental and control group revealed that there was no significant difference. Both experimental and control group were similar in respect of demographic variables and thus it was observed that they were identical. The study identified that the level of low back pain was reduced in experimental group. It was found that there was a significant reduction in the level of back pain of experimental group after back strengthening exercises than in the control group. The ‘t’ value of difference of mean reduction of low back pain tabulated was found to be t = 6.11* , df = 58 , P< 0.05 In the study it was found that there was no association between the level of low back pain of experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables such as age, sex, education, occupation and body built. CONCLUSION: Low back pain is seen as an issue for all ages, and all sectors of society. One common component of pain treatment programs is a focus on increased physical activities and exercise reconditioning. Exercises would increase strength and concomitantly decrease pain as a long term effect. The investigator found that back strengthening exercises was very much effective and beneficial in reducing the level of back pain among patients with low back pain

Two new black mildews from Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India

This paper gives an account of two new black mildews, namely, Asterina prataparajii and Meliola mahamulkarii, infected the leaves of Tylophora dalzelli and Osyris arborea, respectively, were found new and are described and illustrated here in detail

The observational, cross-sectional study of drug utilization 90% and use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which affects the quality of life. It leads to multiple complications due to metabolic involvement. Out of multiple drugs used to treat diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are comparatively new drugs used for type-2-diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment. This study aimed to find out the drug utilization (DU) 90% and use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type-2-DM.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a private healthcare clinic of an endocrinologist in Nashik. Type-2-DM patients of both sexes were selected and a total of 199 patients were enrolled in the study. The consented patients were interviewed and prescription copies were collected. After studying them; statistical analysis was done and results and conclusions were drawn.Results: Out of total prescribed drugs, 58.77% of drugs were anti-diabetics. It was observed that the biguanides were most frequently (25.32%) prescribed while the least prescribed drugs were meglitinide analogues (0.08%). Most commonly utilized anti-diabetic found to be metformin. Vildagliptin 50 mg is the most commonly prescribed drug from DPP-4 inhibitors. Most of the drugs from the DPP-4 inhibitor group came under DU90%.Conclusions:DPP-4 inhibitors are showing wide acceptability by endocrinologists for type-2-DM management, according to this study. Performing repetitive drug utilization pattern study and circulation of standard treatment guidelines to practising physicians can be required. To emphasize the point on generic prescription, more awareness should be created. So that these can responses to further cost-effective and rational prescribing practices.

Magnetic glass in Shape Memory Alloy : Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12

The first order martensitic transition in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12 is also a magnetic transition and has a large field induced effect. While cooling in the presence of field this first order magnetic martensite transition is kinetically arrested. Depending on the cooling field, a fraction of the arrested ferromagnetic austenite phase persists down to the lowest temperature as a magnetic glassy state, similar to the one observed in various intermetallic alloys and in half doped manganites. A detailed investigation of this first order ferromagnetic austenite (FM-A) to low magnetization martensite (LM-M) state transition as a function of temperature and field has been carried out by magnetization measurements. Extensive cooling and heating in unequal field (CHUF) measurements and a novel field cooled protocol for isothermal MH measurements (FC-MH) are utilized to investigate the glass like arrested states and show a reverse martensite transition. Finally, we determine a field -temperature (HT) phase diagram of Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12 from various magnetization measurements which brings out the regions where thermodynamic and metastable states co-exist in the HT space clearly depicting this system as a 'Magnetic Glass'.Comment: Magnetic field tunes kinetic arrest and CHUF shows devitrification and melting of Magnetic glas

FIXED POINT RESULTS FOR (α − β)-ADMISSIBLE ALMOST z-CONTRACTIONS IN METRIC-LIKE SPACE VIA SIMULATION FUNCTION

In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of (α, β)-admissible almost z-contractions via simulation functions in metric-like spaces. Our results generalize and unify several fixed point theorem in literature

Association of umbilical cord blood lead with neonatal behavior at varying levels of exposure

BACKGROUND: In the light of the ongoing debate about lowering the cut-off for acceptable blood lead level to <5 μg/dL from the currently recommended level of <10 μg/dL, we considered whether prenatal exposure to varying levels of lead is associated with similar or disparate effects on neonatal behavior. METHODS: Using Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), an epidemiological approach and robust statistical techniques like multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, Poisson regression and structural equations modeling analyses we estimated the simultaneous indirect effects of umbilical cord blood lead (CBL) levels and other neonatal covariates on the NBAS clusters. RESULTS: We observed that when analyzed in all study subjects, the CBL levels independently and strongly influenced autonomic stability and abnormal reflexes clusters. However, when the analysis was restricted to neonates with CBL <10 μg/dL, CBL levels strongly influenced the range of state, motor and autonomic stability clusters. Abnormal walking reflex was consistently associated with an increased CBL level irrespective of the cut-off for CBL, however, only at the lower cut-offs were the predominantly behavioral effects of CBL discernible. CONCLUSION: Our results further endorse the need to be cognizant of the detrimental effects of blood lead on neonates even at a low-dose prenatal exposure