'Sample-in, answer-out'? Evaluation and comprehensive analysis of the Unyvero P50 pneumonia assay

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Unyvero P50 pneumonia assay, the first ‘sample-in, answer-out’ system for rapid identification of pathogens and antibiotic resistance markers directly from clinical specimens. Overall, Unyvero P50 displayed very good sensitivity (>95%); however, specificity was low (33%) mainly because 40% of the specimens were reported as normal flora. Specifically, one or more pathogens were identified in 28 of them. From a detailed analysis of 42 specimens selected at random, 76% of the additionally reported pathogens were confirmed present in primary specimens. Detection of selected resistance markers was compared to routine phenotypic susceptibility testing, supplemented with Checkpoints microarray system, PCR and sequencing. Concordance was mixed, primarily due to issues with panel’s choice of markers and detection of some intrinsic beta-lactamases. Finally, we offer a critical analysis of the assay’s microbial panel and resistance markers and provide suggestions for improvement

SURFATM-NH3: a model combining the surface energy balance and bi-directional exchanges of ammonia applied at the field scale

A new biophysical model SURFATM-NH3, simulating the ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is presented. SURFATM-NH3 consists of two coupled models: (i) an energy budget model and (ii) a pollutant exchange model, which distinguish the soil and plant exchange processes. The model describes the exchanges in terms of adsorption to leaf cuticles and bi-directional transport through leaf stomata and soil. The results of the model are compared with the flux measurements over grassland during the GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment at Braunschweig, Germany. The dataset of GRAMINAE allows the model to be tested in various meteorological and agronomic conditions: prior to cutting, after cutting and then after the application of mineral fertilizer. The whole comparison shows close agreement between model and measurements for energy budget and ammonia fluxes. The major controls on the ground and plant emission potential are the physicochemical parameters for liquid-gas exchanges which are integrated in the compensation points for live leaves, litter and the soil surface. Modelled fluxes are highly sensitive to soil and plant surface temperatures, highlighting the importance of accurate estimates of these terms. The model suggests that the net flux depends not only on the foliar (stomatal) compensation point but also that of leaf litter. SURFATM-NH3 represents a comprehensive approach to studying pollutant exchanges and its link with plant and soil functioning. It also provides a simplified generalised approach (SVAT model) applicable for atmospheric transport models

Rearing conditions and life history influence the progress of gametogenesis and reproduction performances in pikeperch males and females

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpP Proteases Are Co-transcribed but Exhibit Different Substrate Specificities

PMCID: PMC3613350This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Hétérogénéité de la distribution spatiale de la teneur en eau dans des stratocumulus et cumulus. Observations de spectres bimodaux : leur relation avec l'entraînement

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Modélisation de la croissance du givre de faible intensité

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Influence de la rugosité du givre sur la croissance par la captation des gouttes d'eau surfondue : application au givrage des câbles électriques

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MODELISATION DE LA CROISSANCE DU GIVRE DE FAIBLE DENSITE

Un modèle balistique d'empilage de particules sphériques est utilisé pour simuler la croissance du givre par captation de gouttelettes d'eau surfondue. Les mécanismes intervenant dans la formation du givre en forme de plumes et de la neige roulée conique sont étudiés à l'aide de ce modèle. Le givre en forme de plumes a pu être reproduit en supposant que la captation des gouttes se produit sur les irrégularités de surface. La forme des particules de neige roulée a été étudiée en fonction de l'amplitude des oscillations de la particule au cours de sa chute.A ballistic deposition model with aggregation of spherical particles is used to simulate the soft rime growth by collection of supercooled droplets. With this model we have studied the main accretion mechanisms of "feather" rime and conical graupels. The shape of feathers is reproduced assuming that the collection of droplets occurs on the surface roughness. We have also studied the shape of graupels as a function of the graupel oscillations during their fall down

Étude théorique et étude expérimentale en soufflerie du phénomène d'accrétion de givre sur les lignes électriques aériennes

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INFLUENCE DE LA RUGOSITE DU GIVRE SUR SA CROISSANCE PAR LA CAPTATION DES GOUTTES D'EAU SURFONDUE : APPLICATION AU GIVRAGE DES CABLES ELECTRIQUES

L'effet de la rugosité des dépôts de givre sur la captation des gouttes est étudié. Une paramétrisation du coefficient de captation est proposée. Pour utiliser cette paramétrisation, l'évolution de la rugosité relative a été simulée. La formulation du coefficient de captation a été utilisée dans le cas du givrage des câbles électriques.The collection efficiency of droplets is studied as a function of the ice deposit roughness. A parameterization of this efficiency is suggested. In order to apply this parameterization, the evolution of the relative roughness is simulated. The equation is confirmed in the case of ice accretion on transmission lines