Evaluation of organoleptic qualities of fish grown in ponds treated with different organic manures

Catla, rohu, silver carp and common carp raised employing different organic manures were subjected to organoleptic evaluation, both in raw and cooked form. The combination treatment of poultry manure and silkworm faecal matter had positive effect on colour and glossiness of skin and colour of flesh in the case of common carp. Though no significant difference was observed in the overall quality, odour of flesh and texture of meat of rohu were found to be better in sewage treated and poultry manure treated ponds respectively. From the results, it can be discerned that treated sewage has no adverse effect on the acceptable qualities of the carps studied

Effect of microbial biofilm in the nursery phase of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala

The experiment was conducted for 35 days in nine cement tubs (1 x 1 x 1 m) having 15 cm sandy-loam soil base with three treatments in triplicate, viz., cow dung alone at the rate of 1 kg/tub (T sub(1)), cow dung at 1 kg/tub and feed at 10% body wt/d in two meals (T sub(2)), and cow dung at 1 kg and paddy straw at 200 g/tub (T sub(3)). Both manure and substrate were added on dry weight basis. All the tubs were stocked with 10 fry each mrigal (100,000/ha) of average weight of 0.09 g, seven days after the addition of manure and substrate. The total plate count of bacteria in water did not vary much between the treatments and the mean values were 5.13, 5.49 and 5.85 (CFU x 10 super(4)/ml) in T sub(1) T sub(2) and T sub(3) respectively. The number of phytoplankters and zooplankters in water differed significantly between the treatments. The average number of attached algae (no./cm³) and fish food organisms (no./cm³) recorded on the substrate were 145.28 and 70.67, respectively. The mean final weight of mrigal differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the treatments with T sub(3) registering the highest value of 6.93 g followed by T sub(2) (5.01 g) and T sub(1) (3.37 g). The specific growth rate and growth increment of fish also followed the same trend as that of weight recorded in the different treatments. Survival was higher in T sub(2) (83.33%), followed by T sub(3) (80.00%) and T sub(1) (76.67%). The study demonstrates that by the introduction of biodegradable substrates like paddy straw into the culture systems, significantly higher growth and survival can be obtained in the nursery rearing of mrigal

ACE inhibition attenuates uremia-induced aortic valve thickening in a novel mouse model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We examined whether impaired renal function causes thickening of the aortic valve leaflets in hyperlipidemic apoE-knockout (apoE^-/-) mice, and whether the putative effect on the aortic valves could be prevented by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with enalapril.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thickening of the aortic valve leaflets in apoE^-/-mice was induced by producing mild or moderate chronic renal failure resulting from unilateral nephrectomy (1/2 NX, n = 18) or subtotal nephrectomy (5/6 NX, n = 22), respectively. Additionally, the 5/6 NX mice were randomized to no treatment (n = 8) or enalapril treatment (n = 13). The maximal thickness of each leaflet was measured from histological sections of the aortic roots.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Leaflet thickness was significantly greater in the 5/6 NX mice than in the 1/2 NX mice (P = 0.030) or the unoperated mice (P = 0.003). The 5/6 NX mice treated with enalapril had significantly thinner leaflets than did the untreated 5/6 NX mice (P = 0.014).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Moderate uremia causes thickening of the aortic valves in apoE^-/-mice, which can be attenuated by ACE inhibition. The nephrectomized apoE^-/-mouse constitutes a new model for investigating the mechanisms of uremia-induced aortic valve disease, and also provides an opportunity to study its pharmacologic prevention.</p

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Not AvailableHorticultural industry undoubtedly has been revolutionized by ornamental plants. Floriculture industry requires new plant varieties with elite traits such as improved anatomical attributes, broad floral color range vase life novel pigmentation abiotic stress tolerance disease resistance floral architecture, fragrance or floral scent, floral morphology or productivity , timing synchronicity of flowering and post harvest life and other attributes. in the past century tissue culture based techniques like micro propagation, specific pathogen free plant let production, hybrid embryo rescue haploidy of dihaploids, somatic embryo genesis etc contributed significantly to floriculture. subsequently, transgenic or GM Genticlly modified based technologies like Genetic engineering through agrobacterium facilitated transformation and direct gene transfer using biolostics or elctroporation (Diectfr DNA uptake) were all the rage. Molecular markers took off in a big way, in structural genomics. however with several countries wary off transgenics newer and non-GM bio technologies have emerged this century, tipping the balance in favor of exploiting functional genomics. RNA mediated and Genome editing tools have been broadly adopted as more feasible methods to deal with intrinsic obstacles in classical techniques. ornamental with useful traits for insect pest resistance, disease or herbicide or stress tolerance and improved product quality need to be developed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA total of fifty Bt isolates collected from various sources were used for screening for the presence of nematicidal crystal protein genes. Cry5 &Cry55 specific screening primers pairs were used for PCR screening along with reference strain which is positive for both cry5&Cry55 genes. The crystal morphology study revealed that majority of crystal proteins were amorphous and bipyramidal in nature, SDS-PAGE analysis of the crude protein mixture shown a prominent crystal protein band. In the PCR analysis, 13 isolates were found positive with cry5 specific primers and 23 isolates were found positive with cry 55 specific screening primers. Further five PCR fragments were sequenced, two PCR products were found identical to cry5B and three were found identical to cry55a genes with 99% similarity.Not Availabl

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Altered oxidant-antioxidant status in non-obese men with moderate essential hypertension

Background : Although a wide number of experimental evidences are available regarding oxidant-antioxidant disturbance in hypertension, clinical data supporting it is lacking in men in early stages of hypertension. Aims: The objective of the study was to evaluate oxidative status and antioxidant activities in males with stage I essential hypertension. Materials and Methods : Thirty hypertensives and 21 normotensives were included in the study. Protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and fasting glucose were assessed in both the groups. Statistical Analysis : Results were analyzed by student′s ′t′ test and linear regression analysis test. Results : Plasma protein carbonyl and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased, and catalase and GSH were significantly reduced in the hypertensive group compared to normotensive subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the test group. Conclusions : The data from the present study indicates an alteration in oxidant-antioxidant status in non-obese men in early stages of essential hypertension