Theoretical and methodical essence of technology transfer on the basis of entreprenry and intrapreneurship

In the article it is proved that a considerable part of scientific developments of industrial enterprises, in most cases quite effective and promising, remain unclaimed; high, and in most cases inaccessible even to the technological product development companies themselves. their commercialization (transfer) costs are not high enough, and in most cases not accessible even to the technological product development companies themselves. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of technology transfer has been clarified. It is proved that transfer of technologies developed at machine-building enterprises can be carried out mainly with the use of two entrepreneurial institutions: entrepreneurship (external transfer) and intrapreneurship (intra-firm transfer). Possible organizational and economic forms of the end result have been formed when used in machine-building enterprises of entreprenry and intrapreneurship. The basic prerequisites for the formation and use of integrated high technologies at machine-building enterprises, which most closely meet the economic and legal criteria of the transfer process. Such prerequisites, in particular, include: increase in the scientific and technological capacity, complication of engineering products, acceleration of scientific and technological progress, introduction of intellectual development in the production, increasing the level of market competition, etc. A detailed analysis of the current state of the domestic technological market has been carried out, and the main positive and negative factors have been identified, which most or not ensure the effectiveness of its functioning. It was found that the level of financial support for innovative activity in the country (0.3-0.4% of GDP) is not able to ensure the effectiveness of scientific research. Obstacles to the effective implementation of intra-company technology transfer at machinebuilding enterprises are identified and generalized. These include economic, scientific, technical, social and political obstacles

Current state and prospects of development of the tractors market in Ukraine

The article contains a detailed analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of the production of tractor equipment in Ukraine. The marketing characteristics of the tractors market in Ukraine and the Russian Federation are considered. The technical and economic indicators of the work of the leading Ukrainian manufacturers of tractor equipment are investigated. In particular, the authors studied in detail the development prospects of the Kharkov Tractor Plant.Based on the research carried out by the authors, a number of innovative measures are proposed, the implementation of which can lead to a drastic change in the market condition of domestic tractor construction. These proposals are mainly related to the state and legislative support of tractor-building at the national and regional levels and can be summarized as follows

Intra-firm technology transfer as a factor of sustainable development of industrial enterprises

Technological processes of machine-building enterprises are quite specific, characteristic only for this sector and are virtually absent from all the others. In recent times, scientists and developers of technology products in the engineering industry increasingly focused on development of unconventional technologies, the possibility of the development of which is based on significant achievements in fundamental and applied research

Spinal reconstruction techniques for traumatic spinal injuries: a systematic review of biomechanical studies

Many studies have provided evidence that short-segment posterior fixation (SSPF-1 level above and 1 below) with screws at the fracture level (SFL) are enough to achieve stability in some injury patterns, such as burst fractures, avoiding the need for circumferential reconstruction and long-segment instrumented fusion (LSIF-at least 2 levels above and 2 below). Given the potential benefits of avoiding unnecessary fusion in mobile healthy spinal segments, we performed a systematic review of biomechanical studies comparing different spinal reconstruction techniques for fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. A systematic literature review was performed in the PubMed and OVID databases of biomechanical studies comparing biomechanical differences between techniques of spine reconstructions. Eight studies were included and evaluated. Five of 6 studies reported stiffness improvement with SSPF and SFL, even comparable to circumferential fusion for a burst fracture. Two studies reported that LSPF has higher stiffness and restricts range of motion better than SSPF, but inclusion of screws in the fracture level is similar to LSPF (1 study). Finally, although SSPF is less stiff than anterior reconstruction, adding a SFL in SSPF results in similar stiffness than circumferential fusion for unstable burst fractures. Biomechanical studies analyzed generally suggested that SFL in SSPF may improve construction stiffness, and can even be compared with long-segment fixation or circumferential reconstruction in some scenarios. This construct option may be used to enhance stiffness in selected injury patterns, avoiding the needs of an additional anterior approach.9333834

Surface of metal as an indicator of fatigue damage

Advances in Military Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, December 2013The possibility of fatigue damage analysis by the extrusion/intrusion structures on the surface of aluminium alloy is shown. Quantitative characteristics of the extrusion/intrusion structures and the methods for their monitoring are substantiated. Two approaches for fatigue analysis are presented: a) direct inspection of the aircraft components, b) application of fatigue sensors

Structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of solution-processed Li-doped NiO films grown by SILAR

The article presents a new facial synthesis of Li-doped NiO films (NiO:Li) via an easy and cost-effective method Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) with the processing of the obtained NiO films in a lithium-containing aqueous solution for their transformation after annealing into NiO:Li layers. Comparative analysis of crystal structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of the obtained NiO and NiO:Li 420-1050 nm thick films have reveiled a cubic rock-salt NiO structure, at that, NiO:Li samples are nanocrystalline single phased Li-NiO solid solutions. The fabricated NiO and NiO:Li films are p-type semiconductors with activation energy Ea = 0.1 eV and Ea = 0.25‒0.31 eV, respectively. The obtained in-plane Seebeck coefficients Z are in the range 0.20–0.33 mV/К. Notwithstanding the fact that the maximum values of the thermoelectric power factors P=2.2 μW/K2·m, are rather small, they were achieved if the hot end of the NiO:Li film was heated only to 115 °C. Thus, the produced in this work new low cost thermoelectric thin film material is suitable for a production of electrical energy for low-power devices due to absorption of low-potential heat

Surface of metal as an indicator of fatigue damage

Advances in Military Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, December 2013The possibility of fatigue damage analysis by the extrusion/intrusion structures on the surface of aluminium alloy is shown. Quantitative characteristics of the extrusion/intrusion structures and the methods for their monitoring are substantiated. Two approaches for fatigue analysis are presented: a) direct inspection of the aircraft components, b) application of fatigue sensors

Multi-purpose fatigue sensor. Part 1. Uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue

The paper describes the key principles and results of preliminary experiments aimed at the development of new technique for the fatigue life prediction under conditions of biaxial cyclic tension. The foundations of the method were developed early by the numerous tests with monitoring the process of surface deformation relief formation, which is proved to be an indicator of accumulated fatigue damage under uniaxial fatigue. The employed phenomenon was early applied for the development of a family of uniaxial loading fatigue sensors. The formation of strain induced relief has been recently taken into consideration as a part of damage accumulation criteria under biaxial fatigue as well. The home-made testing machine has been designed to implement combined bending and torsion loading that simulates loads experienced by an aircraft wing skin. The experimental evidences on formation and evolution of the deformation relief revealed under conditions of combined loading, supports the proposed concept of biaxial fatigue sensor