Different methods of evaluation of Monilinia laxa on apricot flowers and branches

- Organic apricot production is currently not profitable. - The main obstacle to sustainable profitability is brown rot caused by the fungus Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl). - In the current apricot germplasm no source of total resistance has been shown, but some varieties are expressing interesting levels of tolerance. - A good evaluation of the M. laxa symptoms is essential for a precise diagnosis of the infection and to appreciate differences between tolerant and susceptible varieties and genotypes

Reversals in nature and the nature of reversals

The asymmetric shape of reversals of the Earth's magnetic field indicates a possible connection with relaxation oscillations as they were early discussed by van der Pol. A simple mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric $\alpha$ coefficient is analysed with view on this similarity, and a comparison of the time series and the phase space trajectories with those of paleomagnetic measurements is carried out. For highly supercritical dynamos a very good agreement with the data is achieved. Deviations of numerical reversal sequences from Poisson statistics are analysed and compared with paleomagnetic data. The role of the inner core is discussed in a spectral theoretical context and arguments and numerical evidence is compiled that the growth of the inner core might be important for the long term changes of the reversal rate and the occurrence of superchrons.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Influence of turbulence on the dynamo threshold

We use direct and stochastic numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic equations to explore the influence of turbulence on the dynamo threshold. In the spirit of the Kraichnan-Kazantsev model, we model the turbulence by a noise, with given amplitude, injection scale and correlation time. The addition of a stochastic noise to the mean velocity significantly alters the dynamo threshold. When the noise is at small (resp. large) scale, the dynamo threshold is decreased (resp. increased). For a large scale noise, a finite correlation time reinforces this effect

Comparison of organic apricot production under all-season rain protection, seasonal rain protection and without rain protection

Comparison of organic apricot production under all-season rain protection, seasonal rain protection and without rain protection

Avaliação da influência da suplementação alimentar sobre a estimativa da taxa de lotação animal em pastagens.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Kanola Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Aorta Dan Kadar Kolesterol Tikus Wistar Dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak

: Canola oil is a source of vegetable oils which contains high unsaturated fats that can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, especially atherosclerosis. One of the trigger factors of atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of aorta and the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterols in Wistar rats fed with high fat diet and canola oil. There were 20 Wistar rats in this study, divided into four groups: group A, the negative control; group B with high-fat diet (1 ml lard and 1 ml yolk daily); group C with high-fat diet and 0.1 ml of canola oil daily; and group D with high-fat diet and simvastatin 0.2 mg daily. The results showed elevated levels of LDL and HDL cholesterols in the treated groups compared to the control group. The histopathological features revealed many foam cells in the aorta wall (intima and media layers) of group B, whereas group C had fewer foam cells. No foam cells were found in group D. Conclusion: Although the mean LDL and HDL cholesterol levels of all treated groups were higher than of the control group, canola oil could reduce foam cell formation

Impact of galvanic vestibular stimulation-induced stochastic resonance on the output of the vestibular system : a systematic review

With an ageing population, techniques to improve balance function are necessary and likely to reduce the risk of falling due to age-related vestibular dysfunction. Previous work has shown that Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) improves balance function in regards to vestibular output measures including Centre of Pressure (CoP) sway and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMPs). Presumably these improvements are due to the modulation of primary vestibular afferents and vestibular hair cells, possibly via the phenomenon of Stochastic Resonance (SR). Specifically, SR is defined by the application of low-level noise which increases the detectability of subthreshold signals in non-linear systems, including the vestibular system. Major limitations to determining the most effective therapeutic approach to improve balance function using GVS-induced SR are the limited number of studies assessing the direct impact of GVS on vestibular function, and the heterogeneity of reported GVS stimulus parameters used. Indeed, there is a near complete paucity of comparative investigations between the major types of GVS including stochastic and white noise stimuli. Thus, the question arises - whether an optimal set of stimulus parameters to improve vestibular output can be ascertained from the currently available data? We conducted a systematic appraisal of the literature regarding the impact of GVS on vestibular function in healthy individuals as a means for answering this question