97 research outputs found
Comorbidity, not patient age, is associated with impaired safety outcomes in vedolizumab- and ustekinumab-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease-a prospective multicentre cohort study
Background: Few data are available on the effects of age and comorbidity on treatment outcomes of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims: To evaluate the association between age and comorbidity with safety and effectiveness outcomes of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in IBD. Methods: IBD patients initiating vedolizumab or ustekinumab in regular care were enrolled prospectively. Comorbidity prevalence was assessed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Association between age and CCI, both continuously assessed, with safety outcomes (any infection, hospitalisation, adverse events) during treatment, and effectiveness outcomes (clinical response and remission, corticosteroid-free remission, clinical remission combined with biochemical remission) after 52Â weeks of treatment were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. Results: We included 203 vedolizumab- and 207 ustekinumab-treated IBD patients, mean age 42.2 (SD 16.0) and 41.6 (SD 14.4). Median treatment duration 54.0 (IQR 19.9-104.0) and 48.4 (IQR 24.4-55.1) weeks, median follow-up time 104.0 (IQR 103.1-104.0) and 52.0Â weeks (IQR 49.3-100.4). On vedolizumab, CCI associated independently with any infection (OR 1.387, 95% CI 1.022-1.883, PÂ =Â 0.036) and hospitalisation (OR 1.586, 95% CI 1.127-2.231, PÂ =Â 0.008). On ustekinumab, CCI associated independently with hospitalisation (OR 1.621, 95% CI 1.034-2.541, PÂ =Â 0.035). CCI was not associated with effectiveness, and age was not associated with any outcomes. Conclusions: Comorbidity - but not age - is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisations on either treatment, and with any infection on vedolizumab. This underlines the importance of comorbidity assessment and safety monitoring of IBD patients
Predominance of methanogens over methanotrophs in rewetted fens characterized by high methane emissions
The rewetting of drained peatlands alters peat geochemistry and often leads
to sustained elevated methane emission. Although this methane is produced
entirely by microbial activity, the distribution and abundance of
methane-cycling microbes in rewetted peatlands, especially in fens, is rarely
described. In this study, we compare the community composition and abundance
of methane-cycling microbes in relation to peat porewater geochemistry in two
rewetted fens in northeastern Germany, a coastal brackish fen and a
freshwater riparian fen, with known high methane fluxes. We utilized 16S rRNA
high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on 16S
rRNA, mcrA, and pmoA genes to determine microbial community
composition and the abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, and
methanotrophs. Electrical conductivity (EC) was more than 3Â times higher in
the coastal fen than in the riparian fen, averaging 5.3 and 1.5 mSâcmâ1,
respectively. Porewater concentrations of terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) varied
within and among the fens. This was also reflected in similarly high intra-
and inter-site variations of microbial community composition. Despite these
differences in environmental conditions and electron acceptor availability,
we found a low abundance of methanotrophs and a high abundance of
methanogens, represented in particular by Methanosaetaceae, in both
fens. This suggests that rapid (re)establishment of methanogens and slow
(re)establishment of methanotrophs contributes to prolonged increased methane
emissions following rewetting.</p
Effect of the aerenchymatous helophyte Glyceria maxima on the sulfate-reducing communities in two contrasting riparian grassland soils
Multimodal treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohnâs disease: seton versus anti-TNF versus advancement plasty (PISA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Fossil chironomid ÎŽ13C as a proxy for past methanogenic contribution to benthic food webs in lakes?
Atmospheric methane uptake by tropical montane forest soils and the contribution of organic layers
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls ecosystems strings
Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earthâs ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportional role in biogeochemical cycles and may be a hidden driver of microbiome function. In this review, we provide an ecological overview of the rare microbial biosphere, including causes of rarity and the impacts of rare species on ecosystem functioning. We discuss how rare species can have a preponderant role for local biodiversity and species turnover with rarity potentially bound to phylogenetically conserved features. Rare microbes may therefore be overlooked keystone species regulating the functioning of host-associated, terrestrial and aquatic environments. We conclude this review with recommendations to guide scientists interested in investigating this rapidly emerging research area
NOXious gases and the unpredictability of emerging plant pathogens under climate change
The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States
Stimulation by Ammonium-based Fertilizers of Methane Oxidation in Soil Around Rice Roots
- âŠ