503 research outputs found
Young and middle age pulsar light-curve morphology: Comparison of Fermi observations with gamma-ray and radio emission geometries
Thanks to the huge amount of gamma-ray pulsar photons collected by the Fermi
Large Area Telescope since June 2008, it is now possible to constrain gamma-ray
geometrical models by comparing simulated and observed light-curve
morphological characteristics. We assumed vacuum-retarded dipole pulsar
magnetic field and tested simulated and observed morphological light-curve
characteristics in the framework of two pole emission geometries, Polar Cap
(PC), radio, and Slot Gap (SG), and Outer Gap (OG)/One Pole Caustic (OPC)
emission geometries. We compared simulated and observed/estimated light-curve
morphological parameters as a function of observable and non-observable pulsar
parameters. The PC model gives the poorest description of the LAT pulsar
light-curve morphology. The OPC best explains both the observed gamma-ray peak
multiplicity and shape classes. The OPC and SG models describe the observed
gamma-ray peak-separation distribution for low- and high-peak separations,
respectively. This suggests that the OPC geometry best explains the single-peak
structure but does not manage to describe the widely separated peaks predicted
in the framework of the SG model as the emission from the two magnetic
hemispheres. The OPC radio-lag distribution shows higher agreement with
observations suggesting that assuming polar radio emission, the gamma-ray
emission regions are likely to be located in the outer magnetosphere. The
larger agreement between simulated and LAT estimations in the framework of the
OPC suggests that the OPC model best predicts the observed variety of profile
shapes. The larger agreement between observations and the OPC model jointly
with the need to explain the abundant 0.5 separated peaks with two-pole
emission geometries, calls for thin OPC gaps to explain the single-peak
geometry but highlights the need of two-pole caustic emission geometry to
explain widely separated peaks.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures, 8 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
Hard X-ray Quiescent Emission in Magnetars via Resonant Compton Upscattering
Non-thermal quiescent X-ray emission extending between 10 keV and around 150
keV has been seen in about 10 magnetars by RXTE, INTEGRAL, Suzaku, NuSTAR and
Fermi-GBM. For inner magnetospheric models of such hard X-ray signals, inverse
Compton scattering is anticipated to be the most efficient process for
generating the continuum radiation, because the scattering cross section is
resonant at the cyclotron frequency. We present hard X-ray upscattering spectra
for uncooled monoenergetic relativistic electrons injected in inner regions of
pulsar magnetospheres. These model spectra are integrated over bundles of
closed field lines and obtained for different observing perspectives. The
spectral turnover energies are critically dependent on the observer viewing
angles and electron Lorentz factor. We find that electrons with energies less
than around 15 MeV will emit most of their radiation below 250 keV, consistent
with the turnovers inferred in magnetar hard X-ray tails. Electrons of higher
energy still emit most of the radiation below around 1 MeV, except for
quasi-equatorial emission locales for select pulse phases. Our spectral
computations use a new state-of-the-art, spin-dependent formalism for the QED
Compton scattering cross section in strong magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. "Physics of Neutron Stars -
2017," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, eds. G. G. Pavlov, et al., held
in Saint Petersburg, Russia, 10-14 July, 201
Assessing the effects of hail wounds on the resurgence of chestnut blight in a site in north-western Italy
Light-curve modelling constraints on the obliquities and aspect angles of the young Fermi pulsars
In more than four years of observation the Large Area Telescope on board the
Fermi satellite has identified pulsed -ray emission from more than 80
young pulsars, providing light curves with high statistics. Fitting the
observations with geometrical models can provide estimates of the magnetic
obliquity and aspect angle , yielding estimates of the
radiation beaming factor and luminosity. Using -ray emission geometries
(Polar Cap, Slot Gap, Outer Gap, One Pole Caustic) and radio emission geometry,
we fit -ray light curves for 76 young pulsars and we jointly fit their
-ray plus radio light curves when possible. We find that a joint radio
plus -ray fit strategy is important to obtain (, )
estimates that can explain simultaneous radio and -ray emission. The
intermediate-to-high altitude magnetosphere models, Slot Gap, Outer Gap, and
One pole Caustic, are favoured in explaining the observations. We find no
evolution of on a time scale of a million years. For all emission
geometries our derived -ray beaming factors are generally less than one
and do not significantly evolve with the spin-down power. A more pronounced
beaming factor vs. spin-down power correlation is observed for Slot Gap model
and radio-quiet pulsars and for the Outer Gap model and radio-loud pulsars. For
all models, the correlation between -ray luminosity and spin-down power
is consistent with a square root dependence. The -ray luminosities
obtained by using our beaming factors not exceed the spin-down power. This
suggests that assuming a beaming factor of one for all objects, as done in
other studies, likely overestimates the real values. The data show a relation
between the pulsar spectral characteristics and the width of the accelerator
gap that is consistent with the theoretical prediction for the Slot Gap model.Comment: 90 pages, 80 figures (63 in Appendices), accepted for publication in
Astronomy and Astrophysic
Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas protegens against Heterobasidion species attacking conifers in Europe
Temporal and spatial propagule deposition patterns of the emerging fungal pathogen of chestnut Gnomoniopsis castaneae in orchards of north-western Italy
Pyoluteorin Produced by the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas protegens Is Involved in the Inhibition of Heterobasidion Species Present in Europe
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