1,164 research outputs found
The Turtle Head Immobilization System (THIS): A Tool for Faster and Safer Handling and Processing of Aggressive Turtle Species
The turtle head immobilization tool (THIS) is an efficient and cost effective tool to aid in the processing of large, aggressive turtles such as the Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). THIS aids in the reduction of aggressive behaviors by calming the animal during processing and minimizing injuries to the turtle and handlers. This simple tool also streamlines the processing itself, by allowing researchers to focus on measurements and markings, instead of having to maintain the constant vigilance often needed to work safely around these animals
The Turtle Head Immobilization System (THIS): A Tool for Faster and Safer Handling and Processing of Aggressive Turtle Species
The turtle head immobilization tool (THIS) is an efficient and cost effective tool to aid in the processing of large, aggressive turtles such as the Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). THIS aids in the reduction of aggressive behaviors by calming the animal during processing and minimizing injuries to the turtle and handlers. This simple tool also streamlines the processing itself, by allowing researchers to focus on measurements and markings, instead of having to maintain the constant vigilance often needed to work safely around these animals
Number-of-Particle Fluctuations and Stability of Bose-Condensed Systems
In this paper we show that a normal total number-of-particle fluctuation can
be obtained consistently from the static thermodynamic relation and dynamic
compressibility sum rule. In models using the broken U(1) gauge symmetry, in
order to keep the consistency between statics and dynamics, it is important to
identify the equilibrium state of the system with which the density response
function is calculated, so that the condensate particle number , the
number of thermal depletion particles , and the number of
non-condensate particles can be unambiguously defined. We also show
that the chemical potential determined from the Hugenholtz-Pines theorem should
be consistent with that determined from the equilibrium equation of state. The
anomalous fluctuation of the number of non-condensate particles is an
intrinsic feature of the broken U(1) gauge symmetry. However, this anomalous
fluctuation does not imply the instability of the system. Using the random
phase approximation, which preserves the U(1) gauge symmetry, such an anomalous
fluctuation of the number of non-condensate particles is completely absentComment: 9 pages, submitted to PR
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English music theory c.1590-c.1690 : the modal systems, changing concepts, and the development of new classification systems
The thesis examines the modal classification systems and the changes which lead to the development of new systems during the period c.1590 to c.1690 with particular reference to English music theory. It consists of three parts the first of which considers the English writings on music, their readership, their sources, and the basic ideas for the understanding of the traditional Gamut, solmisation system and hexachordal theory. PART 2 examines the methods employed by theorists wishing to categorise music either according to the 8-mode system or the 12-mode system. By studying Italian and German sources referred to in English writings on music, it is seen that the English theorists deal with the modal classification systems in a similar way. Furthermore, the differences between Morley's popular tract (1597), adhering to the 12-mode system, and Dowland's translation (1609) of the small tract by Ornithoparchus, promoting the 8-mode system, are also discussed. PART 3 begins by tracing the development of a new interpretation and definition of the octave as a circular principle. This leads to the theoretical recognition of the invertibility of intervals. In England, in particular the growing circle of natural philosophers and the Royal Society of London seem to play an important role by asking inquisitive questions. Seeing the octave as a circle (and hence also the Gamut), together with a stronger emphasis on the bass as the fundamental part of a composition, encouraged a new interpretation of triads and inversions. The increasing use of fixed pitches versus relative pitches also influenced the interpretation of transposition. The distinctions essential for a modal classification disappeared because of many of these new concepts. Because of the irregularities of the traditional 8-mode system and the determination to adapt it more closely to musical practice, new 8-mode systems were proposed. However, simpler classification systems were also employed as can be seen in many indices in MSS. These systems indicate the final note either together with the transpositional system (i.e. cantus mollis or durus) or with the third above (major or minor). Albeit the invertibility of intervals was acknowledged in the beginning of the seventeenth century, theorists still adhered to the concept of the senario, strongly promoted by Zarlino (1558). The senario argument led to the pairing of major imperfect consonances in opposition to minor imperfect consonances (i.e. two scale types), thus suggesting that the invertibility of intervals was not recognised. The argument was still used by English theorists and natural philosophers at the end of the seventeenth century. However, the two scales were now not only distinguished by the imperfect consonances but also by whether the seventh degree of the scale was major or minor. Thus the theoretical recognition of the major and minor keys was established
Anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in nonlinear lattices, single walled nanotubes, and billiard gas channels
We study anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in low dimensional
systems ranging from nonlinear lattices, single walled carbon nanotubes, to
billiard gas channels. We find that in all discussed systems, the anomalous
heat conductivity can be connected with the anomalous diffusion, namely, if
energy diffusion is , then the thermal conductivity can be expressed in terms of the system size
as with . This result predicts that
a normal diffusion () implies a normal heat conduction obeying the
Fourier law (), a superdiffusion () implies an anomalous
heat conduction with a divergent thermal conductivity (), and more
interestingly, a subdiffusion () implies an anomalous heat
conduction with a convergent thermal conductivity (), consequently,
the system is a thermal insulator in the thermodynamic limit. Existing
numerical data support our theoretical prediction.Comment: 15 Revtex pages, 16 figures. Invited article for CHAOS focus issue
commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) mode
Tunneling Time Distribution by means of Nelson's Quantum Mechanics and Wave-Particle Duality
We calculate a tunneling time distribution by means of Nelson's quantum
mechanics and investigate its statistical properties. The relationship between
the average and deviation of tunneling time suggests the exsistence of
``wave-particle duality'' in the tunneling phenomena.Comment: 14 pages including 11 figures, the text has been revise
Funding Universal Service: The Effect of Telecommunications Subsidy Programs on Competition and Retail Prices
There is general concern that producer subsidies distort competition. We
examine a telecommunications subsidy system that transfers money from
low cost regions to high cost regions of the U.S. Even though the system
is designed to be competitively neutral, we find evidence that the
system, combined with carrier of last resort policies, promotes cream
skimming by entrants in low cost areas and less entry in high cost
areas, where incumbents are more likely than entrants to receive
subsidies. We are unable to rule out the possibility that state
regulatory policies favor incumbents in states that are net
beneficiaries of the subsidy system
Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Number Statistics in a Degenerate Bose Gas
We report the direct observation of sub-Poissonian number fluctuation for a
degenerate Bose gas confined in an optical trap. Reduction of number
fluctuations below the Poissonian limit is observed for average numbers that
range from 300 to 60 atoms.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Condensation of Ideal Bose Gas Confined in a Box Within a Canonical Ensemble
We set up recursion relations for the partition function and the ground-state
occupancy for a fixed number of non-interacting bosons confined in a square box
potential and determine the temperature dependence of the specific heat and the
particle number in the ground state. A proper semiclassical treatment is set up
which yields the correct small-T-behavior in contrast to an earlier theory in
Feynman's textbook on Statistical Mechanics, in which the special role of the
ground state was ignored. The results are compared with an exact quantum
mechanical treatment. Furthermore, we derive the finite-size effect of the
system.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
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