Becoming and Remaining a 'Force for Good': Reforming the Police in Post-conflict Sierra Leone

The Sierra Leone Police Force has its origins in the British colonial administration of the country. After Independence and with the consolidation of one-party rule the force slid into disrepute. The outbreak of civil conflict in 1991 largely decimated the force but the gradual restoration of peace provided an opportunity for police reform. This research report covers the aspects of the political and institutional environment that helped engender change, as well as constraints faced by the reform agenda. It considers how the officers actually carried out the task at hand, and shares lessons as to what reform tactics worked and which were less successful. While several challenges remain, the reform programme, centred around local needs policing has been largely successful, hinging on – among other factors – the appointment of a British Inspector General of Police, perceived to be neutral and above political machinations, supported by a core of reformminded officers; long-term external technical and financial assistance; and a conducive political environment for change.Thie report was produced under the auspices of the RCUK Global Uncertainties Programme on Security in an Africa of Networked, Multi-Level Governance

Analisis Sektor Unggulan Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten Keerom Tahun 2003 – 2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui klasifikasi pertumbuhan sektor perekonomian serta mengetahui sektor basis dan non basis dalam perekonomian wilayah Kabupaten Keerom. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder berupa data PDRB Kabupaten Keerom yang diperoleh dari BPS. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Analisis Tipologi Klassen dan Analisis LQ. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan analisis Tipologi Klassen pada Kabupaten Keerom maka Sektor Pertanian; Sektor Industri Pengolahan; dan Sektor Bangunan termasuk dalam Kuadran I. Sektor Pertambangan dan Penggalian; dan Sektor Jasa-Jasa termasuk dalam Kuadran II. Sektor Listrik dan Air Bersih; dan Sektor Perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran termasuk dalam Kuadran III. Sedangkan sektor-sektor dalam Kuadran IV yaitu Sektor Pengangkutan dan Komunikasi; dan Sektor Keuangan, Persewaan dan Jasa Perusahaan. Hasil analisis Location Quotient dalam perekonomian Kabupaten Keerom terdapat 4 sektor yang termasuk sektor basis yaitu Sektor Pertanian; Sektor Pertambangan dan Penggalian; Sektor Industri Pengolahan; dan Sektor Bangunan.Kata Kunci : PDRB, Sektor Unggulan, Tipologi Klassen, LQ

Tunable, Highly Stable Lasers for Coherent Lidar

Practical space-based coherent laser radar systems envisioned for global winds measurement must be very efficient and must contend with unique problems associated with the large platform velocities that the instruments experience in orbit. To compensate for these large platform-induced Doppler shifts in space-based applications, agile-frequency offset-locking of two single-frequency Doppler reference lasers was thoroughly investigated. Such techniques involve actively locking a frequency-agile master oscillator (MO) source to a comparatively static local oscillator (LO) laser, and effectively producing an offset between MO (the lidar slave oscillator seed source, typically) and heterodyne signal receiver LO that lowers the bandwidth of the receiver data-collection system and permits use of very high-quantum-efficiency, reasonably- low-bandwidth heterodyne photoreceiver detectors and circuits. Recent work on MO/LO offset locking has focused on increasing the offset locking range, improving the graded-InGaAs photoreceiver performance, and advancing the maturity of the offset locking electronics. A figure provides a schematic diagram of the offset-locking system

A ‘Force for Good’? Police Reform in Post?conflict Sierra Leone

The Sierra Leone Police Force has its origins in British colonial administration. After Independence and with the consolidation of one?party rule the force slid into disrepute. The outbreak of civil conflict in 1991 largely decimated the force but the gradual restoration of peace provided an opportunity for police reform. This article covers the aspects of the political and institutional environment that helped engender change, as well as constraints faced by the reform agenda. It considers how the officers actually carried out the task at hand, and shares lessons as to what reform tactics worked and which were less successful. While several challenges remain, the reform programme has been largely successful, hinging on – among other factors – the appointment of a British Inspector General of Police; the availability of a core of reform?minded officers; long?term external technical and financial assistance; and a conducive political environment for change

Hyper high NA achromatic interferometer for immersion lithography at 193nm

International audienceAn apparatus for immersion interferometric lithography is described here where the interfering beams are created by illuminating a first diffraction grating followed by a second diffraction grating recombining the diffracted beams onto the photo-resist plane. The main advantage of this system is to be achromatic: thus it is possible to use a basic commercial ArF excimer laser as the exposure source. We present here the calculations made to evaluate the different parameters that can influence the depth-of-focus in the immersion configuration. As the set-up is mainly based on the two diffraction gratings, it matters to properly design it. The purpose of this paper is to show the optimization made on the diffraction gratings in taking into account their fabrication process since they are fabricated using the capabilities of the silicon line available in our laboratory. On one hand, calculations have been done to determine the second grating period as a function of the first grating period and the ”immersion NA”. By simply adding a fluid to a “dry” system, we will indeed be able to improve the depth of focus but not the resolution. In playing with the diffraction grating periods, we are able to benefit from the introduction of the immersion fluid. We have performed simulations in order to optimize the grating diffraction efficiency as a function of the etch depth and the fractional linewidth. Finally we report on first results obtained with the achromatic immersion interferometer. The apparatus was used with a 193 nm GAM excimer laser to print resist patterns having a period of 100 nm with excellent contrast

Mandibular fractures in short-finned pilot whales, \u3ci\u3eGlobicephala macrorhynchus\u3c/i\u3e

This study’s objective was to investigate mandibular fractures in 50 short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, from two mass strandings. Based on current theories that this species is sexually dimorphic and polygynous, hypotheses were: (1) males should suffer more frequent or more substantial mandibular fractures than should females, and (2) fracture occurrence should increase with male reproductive maturity and potential correlates of maturity, such as age and length. Fractures were described and correlated with physical characteristics to infer possible explanations for injuries. Mandibular fractures were surprisingly common in males and females, being found in more than half of the animals examined (27/50, or 54% overall; 17/36 or 47% of females and 10/14 or 71% of males). Length was the only correlate of fracture presence; the proportion of animals showing evidence of fracture increased with length. These results offer some support to initial hypotheses, but there must be another set of consequences that contribute to mandibular fractures in females. A combination of intra- and interspecific interactions and life history characteristics may be responsible for fractures. Further research from a larger sample of this and other cetacean species are suggested to help elucidate both the causes and implications of mandibular fractures

Prospectus, February 17, 1973

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Understanding the Challenges of Reducing Cancer in Appalachia: Addressing a Place-Based Health Disparity Population

The Appalachian region of the United States has long been recognized for its poor economic and social indicators. Only during the past decade have multi-state data become more accessible to describe the regions’ poor health status and resulting outcomes. A recent community-based participatory study engaged rural Appalachians to describe “what makes Appalachia different?” from other geographic areas and cultural groups in the United States and identify those characteristics that influence the region’s health. This article summarizes the community interpretation of these findings