Regionalizing eco-toxicity characterization factors for copper soil emissions considering edaphic information for Northern Spain and Portuguese vineyards

The management of vineyards depends on the use of plant protection agents. Regardless of the numerous environmental impacts that these pesticides generate during their production, their dosage as pest control agents in vineyards causes an important toxic effect that must be monitored. Copper-based inorganic pesticides are the most widely used agents to control fungal diseases in humid wine-growing regions. It is, however, significant that the environmental analysis of their use through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology does not provide detailed information on the potential toxicity of this type of pesticides. Hence, most studies report average values for copper characterization factors (CFs), excluding local soil characteristics. The objective of the study was the spatial characterization of the ecotoxicity factors of copper soil emissions as a function of the chemical characteristics of vineyard soils located in Portugal and Galicia (NW Spain). A multiple linear regression model was applied to calculate the comparative toxic potential. Subsequently, CFs for copper were calculated based on spatial differentiation considering the variable properties of the soil within each wine appellation. The CFs obtained for the area evaluated ranged from 141 to 5937 PAF·m3·day/kgCu emitted, for fibric histosols (HSf) and dystic cambisols (CMd), respectively. Moreover, the average values obtained for Galician and Portuguese soils were 1145 and 2274 PAF·m3·day/kgCu emitted, respectively. The results obtained illustrate the high variability of CF values as a function of the chemical characteristics of each type of soil. For example, Cu soil mobility was linked to organic carbon content and pH. Finally, to validate the representativeness of the calculated CFs, these were applied to the results of 12 literature life cycle inventories of grape production in the area evaluated, revealing that impact scores associated with Cu emissions can considerably vary when spatially-differentiated CFs are implemented.publishe

Ferromagnetic phase transition in a Heisenberg fluid: Monte Carlo simulations and Fisher corrections to scaling

The magnetic phase transition in a Heisenberg fluid is studied by means of the finite size scaling (FSS) technique. We find that even for larger systems, considered in an ensemble with fixed density, the critical exponents show deviations from the expected lattice values similar to those obtained previously. This puzzle is clarified by proving the importance of the leading correction to the scaling that appears due to Fisher renormalization with the critical exponent equal to the absolute value of the specific heat exponent $\alpha$. The appearance of such new corrections to scaling is a general feature of systems with constraints.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Patrones de asociación entre variables del suelo y usos del terreno en la cuenca del río La Vieja, Colombia

In the Coffee Belt of Colombia we studied different patterns in land use considering the interaction between abundance, diversity and biomass of soil invertebrates (millipedes, beetles and earthworms), some physicochemical variables and land use intensity. Highest abundance and biomass of Coleoptera were found in Eucalyptus-lulo (Solanum quitoense), with 48 ind. m-2 and 9.4 g fresh weight (gfw) m-2, respectively. Millipede abundance and biomass was higher in the relict forest (53 ind. m-2 and 4.8 gfw m-2, respectively) and in the coffee variety Colombia (39.4 ind. m-2 and 3.1 gfw m-2, respectively). Earthworm abundance was higher in Eucalyptus-lulo (768 ind. m-2) and in the coffee variety Colombia (540 ind. m-2). Biological and physicochemical variables permitted the differentiation of three and four land use patterns, respectively. When they were combined with coinertia analysis, three patterns were distinguished, related to soil moisture, C and N contents and bulk density (p < 0.02). In pastures and the coffee variety Colombia, beetles (Ataenius sp., Onthophagus atriglabrus, Dichotomius satanas) and peregrine earthworms were dominant (Pontoscolex corethrurus, Polypheretima elongata, Dichogaster annae, Perionyx excavatus), soil C and N contents were low and bulk density higher. The analysis showed potential for separating biodiversity-friendly or biodiversity-critical areas and may be useful for land use planning in rural áreas.En el Eje Cafetero de Colombia se diferenciaron patrones de uso del terreno con abundancia, diversidad y biomasa de invertebrados edáficos (coleópteros, diplópodos y lombrices de tierra), algunas variables físico-químicas e intensidad de uso. Los valores más elevados de abundancia y biomasa de coleópteros se encontraron en eucalipto-lulo (Solanum quitoense), con 48 ind. m-2 y 9.4 g peso fresco (g.p.f.) m-2, respectivamente. La abundancia y biomasa de diplópodos fue superior en relicto de selva (53 ind. m-2 y 4.8 g.p.f. m-2, respectivamente) y en cafetales variedad Colombia (39 ind. m-2 y 3.1 g.p.f. m-2, respectivamente). La abundancia de lombrices fue mayor en eucalipto-lulo (768 ind. m-2) y en cafetales variedad Colombia (540 ind. m-2). Las variables biológicas y fisicoquímicas configuraron tres y cuatro patrones de usos del terreno, respectivamente. La coinercia sugirió tres patrones relacionados con humedad, C, N y densidad aparente del suelo (p < 0.02). En pastizales y cafetales variedad Colombia predominaron lombrices peregrinas (Pontoscolex corethrurus, Polypheretima elongata, Dichogaster annae, Perionyx excavatus) o coleópteros (Ataenius sp., Onthophagus atriglabrus, Dichotomius satanas) y los valores para C y N fueron bajos y la densidad aparente mayor. El análisis de la información diferenció coberturas amigables o críticas para la biodiversidad, lo cual es valioso en la planificación del territorio

High-k gadolinium scandate on Si obtained by high pressure sputtering from metal targets and in-situ plasma oxidation

This article studies the physical and electrical behavior of Gd2-xScxO3 layers grown by high pressure sputtering from metallic Gd and Sc targets. The aim is to obtain a high permittivity dielectric for microelectronic applications. The films were obtained by the deposition of a metallic nanolaminate of Gd and Sc alternating layers, which is afterwards in-situ oxidized by plasma. The oxide films obtained were close to stoichiometry, amorphous and with minimal interfacial regrowth. By fabricating metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors we found that a moderate temperature annealing is needed to enhance permittivity, which reaches a high value of 32 while keeping moderate leakage. Finally, the feasibility of interface scavenging in this material with Ti gate electrodes is also demonstrated

Impact of uterine manipulator on oncological outcome in endometrial cancer surgery

Background: There are limited data available to indicate whether oncological outcomes might be influenced by the uterine manipulator, which is used at the time of hysterectomy for minimally invasive surgery in patients with endometrial cancer. The current evidence derives from retrospective studies with limited sample sizes. Without substantial evidence to support its use, surgeons are required to make decisions about its use based only on their personal choice and surgical experience. Objective: To evaluate the use of the uterine manipulator on oncological outcomes after minimally invasive surgery, for apparent early-stage endometrial cancer. Study Design: We performed a retrospective multicentric study to assess the oncological safety of uterine manipulator use in patients with apparent early-stage endometrial cancer, treated with minimally invasive surgery. The type of manipulator, surgical staging, histology, lymphovascular space invasion, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, adjuvant treatment, recurrence, and pattern of recurrence were evaluated. The primary objective was to determine the relapse rate. The secondary objective was to determine recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and the pattern of recurrence. Results: A total of 2661 women from 15 centers were included; 1756 patients underwent hysterectomy with a uterine manipulator and 905 without it. Both groups were balanced with respect to histology, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and adjuvant therapy. The rate of recurrence was 11.69% in the uterine manipulator group and 7.4% in the no-manipulator group (P<.001). The use of the uterine manipulator was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–4.20; P=.006). The use of uterine manipulator in uterus-confined endometrial cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] I–II) was associated with lower disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.97; P=.027) and higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–2.83; P=.026). No differences were found regarding the pattern of recurrence between both groups (chi-square statistic, 1.74; P=.63). Conclusion: In this study, the use of a uterine manipulator was associated with a worse oncological outcome in patients with uterus-confined endometrial cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics I–II) who underwent minimally invasive surgery. Prospective trials are essential to confirm these results

Commissioning of the CALIFA Barrel Calorimeter of the R3^{3}B Experiment at FAIR

CALIFA is the high efficiency and energy resolution calorimeter for the R$^{3}$B experiment at FAIR, intended for detecting high energy charged particles and $\gamma$-rays in inverse kinematics direct reactions. It surrounds the reaction target in a segmented configuration of Barrel and Forward End-Cap pieces. The CALIFA Barrel consists of 1952 detection units made of CsI(Tl) long-shaped scintillator crystals, and it is being commissioned during the Phase0 experiments at FAIR. The first setup for the CALIFA Barrel commissioning is presented here. Results of detector performance with $\gamma$-rays are obtained, and show that the system fulfills the design requirements