Examination of Acid-Fast Bacilli in Sputum Using Modified Light Microscope with Homemade Light Emitting Diode Additional Attachment

Typical clinical symptoms and chest X-ray is a marker of Tuberculosis (TB) sufferers. However, the diagnosis of TB in adults should be supported by microscopic examination. Currently, Bacilli microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) coloring is the most widely used. However, for reasons of convenience, especially for laboratories with a considerable amount of smear samples, and due to higher sensitivity compared with ZN staining, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of auramine-O-staining (fluorochrome  staining), which is visualized by light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of modified light microscope with homemade LED additional attachment for examination of AFB in sputum using auramine-O-staining method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kinds of AFB in sputum methods: ZN and fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The results showed auramine-O-staining gives more proportion of positive findings (81%) compared to the ZN method (70%). These results demonstrated that the sensitivity of auramine-O-staining was higher than ZN, however it gives more potential false positive results than ZN. The sensitivity of auramine-O-staining in detecting AFB in sputum was 100% while the specificity was 88%

Upaya Pengembangan Tanaman Pisang Mas (Musa Paradisiaca L) Bebas Patogen melalui Metode Kultur Meristem

Pisang mas (Musa paradisiaca L) merupakan salah satu tanaman pisang unggul lokal yang banyak dikembangkan di Kabupaten Banyumas khususnya di Kecamatan Baturraden. Namun petani pisang mas di Kecamatan Baturraden mengalami permasalah dalam hal penyediaan bibit yang berkualitas. Permasalahan tersebut disebabkan masih kurang tersedianya bahan tanam yang berasal dari indukan bebas penyakit busuk Fusarium oxisphorum serta kemampuan anakan yang diperoleh melalui metode konvensional memiliki produksi yang kurang baik akibat produktifitas bibit yang mengalami penurunan. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pengadaan bibit pisang bermutu, bebas bibit penyakit dan berproduksi tinggi adalah dengan kultur meristem, yaitu kultur dengan menggunakan meristem apikal sebagai eksplan. Kelebihan kultur meristem adalah mampu menghasilkan bibit tanaman bebas virus, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur dan bakteri serta identik dengan induknya.Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah Menginduksi dan memperbanyak tunas tanaman pisang mas dari ekplan berupa jaringan meristem pisang serta memperoleh planlet tanaman pisang mas bebas patogen melalui kultur meristem.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan di laboratorium, dengan menggunakan beberapa perlakuan diantaranya induksi tunas, multiplikasi tunas dan induksi akar yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi BAP dan NAA. Kombinasi perlakuan untuk induksi tunas yaitu BAP dengan taraf 2,4 dan 6 ppm serta NAA 0,1 ppm; , kombinasi perlakuan untuk multiplikasi tunas yaitu BAP dengan taraf 2,4,6 ppm serta NAA dengan taraf 0,1; 0,2 dan 0,3 ppm dan kombinasi perlakuan untuk induksi akar dengan kombinasi perlakuan NAA dengan taraf 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 dan 0,5 ppm dengan tanpa penambahan BAP ( 0 ppm). Semuanya disusun secara faktorial dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, dan setiap unit perlakuan menggunakan 5 botol kultur. Pemberian kombinasi NAA dan BAP berpengaruh pada peningkatan keberhasilan perkembangbiakan eksplan tanaman pisang mas dengan metode kultur meristem, diantaranya pada peningkatan kecepatan waktu yang diperlukan untuk induksi tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentuk dari eksplan jaringan meristem yang digunakan dan peningkatan jumlah tunas yang terbentuk pada berbagai media yang digunakan serta mampu terbentukan akar pada medium induksi akar. Perlakuan BAP 4 ppm yang diberikan pada medium induksi tunas memberikan hasil terbaik hampir pada semua variabel pengamatan diantaranya waktu induksi tunas selama 4.67 minggu, jumlah tunas dari jaringan meristem sebanyak 2,0 tunas. Sedangkan pada medium multiplikasi tunas kombinasi perlakuan NAA dan BAP yang ditambahkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas dan panjang . Sedangkan untuk jumlah akar terbanyak terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan NAA 0.4 ppm dan NAA 0,5 ppm yaitu sebanyak 3,2 akar. Dalam penelitian ini penggunaan eksplan meristem pisang mas pada perbanyakan secara in vitro diperoleh bibit pisang mas yang bebas patogen , hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase eksplan yang dapat tumbuh cukup tinggi yaitu rata-rata diatas 80 %

Development of Fusarium Disease Control Technology with Biological Agent in Mas Cultivar Banana in Land Infected

Based on the data of General Director of Production and Horticulture, the damage of plantation areas in banana plantation centers in Indonesia always increases in years, this is due to Fusarium attack caused by fungus Fusarium oxisphorum and causing damage of 30- 70 % banana plantation areas.The aim of this empirically for due to biological control technology Fusarium wilt effective and environmentally friendly to the infected area in District Baturaden, Banyumas through soil solarization treatments and utilization of biological agents..The Research was conducted at the wilt disease endemic Fusarium land located in the village Pamijen, District Baturraden, Banyumas. The research design was a Split Plot Design consisting of 2 treatments, the main plot treatments is soil solarization, whereas treatment subplot is the type and dose of biological agents antagonist. The results showed that the treatment given soil solarization proved to increase the temperature of the surface of the soil up to 8.8 ° C compared with without solarization and reduces demand Fussarium population at ground level up to 53.61%, whereas without solarization Fussarium population decline by 22, 33%. Provision of biological agents Trichoderma, Gliocladium and P. Fluoroscens during the study proved to provide inhibition of the development of Fussarium on seedling disease, indicated by the appearance of symptoms of the disease until the end of the study. This is possible due to the formation of phenolic compounds such as tannins, saponins and glicosida and colonization between biological agents with the root system of plants in which the contact between pathogen inhibition with banana plant seedlings root system so that it protects the roots of the disease-causing pathogen infection Fussarium wilt. Treatment of biological agents proved capable of providing better vegetative growth when compared to the untreated biological agents (control) in which had significant effect on the number of root parameters, but had no significant effect on plant height parameter, number of leave's, and stem's diameter. However, the provision of Trichoderma 100 g / planting hole showed the best results in almost all plant vegetative growth parameters at the end of the reseach. Key word: solarize, biological agents, banana plants, infected with Fusarium lan

MVG Mechanism: Differential Privacy under Matrix-Valued Query

Differential privacy mechanism design has traditionally been tailored for a scalar-valued query function. Although many mechanisms such as the Laplace and Gaussian mechanisms can be extended to a matrix-valued query function by adding i.i.d. noise to each element of the matrix, this method is often suboptimal as it forfeits an opportunity to exploit the structural characteristics typically associated with matrix analysis. To address this challenge, we propose a novel differential privacy mechanism called the Matrix-Variate Gaussian (MVG) mechanism, which adds a matrix-valued noise drawn from a matrix-variate Gaussian distribution, and we rigorously prove that the MVG mechanism preserves $(\epsilon,\delta)$-differential privacy. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of directional noise made possible by the design of the MVG mechanism. Directional noise allows the impact of the noise on the utility of the matrix-valued query function to be moderated. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the performance of our mechanism using three matrix-valued queries on three privacy-sensitive datasets. We find that the MVG mechanism notably outperforms four previous state-of-the-art approaches, and provides comparable utility to the non-private baseline.Comment: Appeared in CCS'1

Analisis Pengaruh Islamic Corporate Governance terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (Studi Kasus pada Bank Syariah di Asia)

This study aims to analyze the characteristic factors of Islamic CorporateGovernance in Islamic banks in Asia region that can affect the disclosure of corporatesocial responsibility (CSR) in the Annual Reports of Islamic banks. These characteristicfactors such as Islamic Governance (including the presence of the supervisory board,composition Islamic sharia supervisory board skills), the size of board of commissioners,independent commissioners, board of commissioners meeting, size of the audit committee,audit committee independence, audit committee meetings and profitability.Populations of this research are the Islamic banks in Asia, overall the sampleconsists of seven sharia banks which are the members of AAOIFI and three (3) Islamicbanks in Indonesia which are not yet become a members, but have adopted regulations andstandards arranged by AAOFI. So that there are 10 Islamic banks in the sample with 50annual reports that are determined through purposive sampling. This study analyzed theannual reports of Islamic banks with a panel method analysis. Data analysis wasperformed with the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing using multiple linearregression method.The results of this study indicate that of the eight independent variables, sevenvariables affect the disclosure of CSR, but the four variables (composition of independentcommissioners, board of commissioners meeting, the size of board of commissioners,composition of audit committee independence) has a negative coefficient so the hypothesisis rejected four variables and the third variable (Islamic Governance, the size of board ofcommissioners, audit committee meetings ) positively influence the level of CSR disclosure.While the profitability variable is not a positive influence on the level of CSR disclosure

Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Chalk And Talk Dengan Berbantu Alat Peraga (PTK Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Jatipurno)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dan hasil belajar siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Chalk and Talk dengan berbantu alat peraga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subyek penerima tindakan adalah siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Jatipurno yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, catatan lapangan, dokumentasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika dan hasil belajar siswa. Peningkatan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dapat dilihat dari indikator-indikator , yaitu banyaknya siswa yang dapat menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep sebelum tindakan sebanyak 12 siswa (35,29%) dan setelah tindakan sebanyak 31 siswa (91,17%); banyaknya siswa yang dapat menggunakan, memanfaatkan, dan memilih prosedur atau operasi tertentu sebelum tindakan sebanyak 10 siswa (29,41%) dan setelah tindakan sebanyak 27 siswa (79,41%); banyaknya siswa yang dapat mengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma dalam pemecahan masalah sebelum tindakan sebanyak 9 siswa (26,47%) dan setelah tindakan sebanyak 25 siswa (73,5%). Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari banyaknya siswa yang mendapatkan nilai memenuhi KKM (≥68) sebelum tindakan sebanyak 10 siswa (29,41%) dan setelah tindakan sebanyak 26 siswa (76,47%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran Chalk and Talk dengan berbantu alat peraga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika dan hasil belajar siswa

Ko-infeksi Schistosoma Japonicum Dan Soil Transmitted Helminth Di Daerah Endemis Schistosomiasis Kecamatan Lore Utara Dan Lore Timur, Kab. Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum are still endemic in Indonesia, especially in Lindu, Sigi Regency, Napu and Bada Plateu, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. The proportion of co-infection soil transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis information in the endemic areas is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of co-infection between schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth. The information was obtained from the stool survey conducted by Schistosomiasis Control Programme, Provincial Health Office Central Sulawesi, from January to June 2013 in North Lore and East Lore District, Poso Regency. Stool samples were examined with Kato Katz technique. The result shows in North Lore, Schistosoma japonicum infection was 1.62 %. Co-infection of Schistosoma japonicum and Ascaris was 0.25 %, S. japonicum and Hook worm 0.18%, and also S. japonicum and Trichuris trichiura 0.06%. In East Lore, the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum was 3.00 %. Co-infection of S. japonicum and Ascaris 0.82 %, S. japonicum and Hookworm 0.37%, S. japonicum and Trichuris trichiura 0.22%. The proportion of soil transmitted helminths and Schistosoma japonicum was high in the location

Ultracold Three-body Recombination in Two Dimensions

We study three-body recombination in two dimensions for systems interacting via short-range two-body interactions in the regime of large scattering lengths. Using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation, we derive semi-analytical formulas for three-body recombination in both weakly and deeply bound diatom states. Our results demonstrate the importance of long-range corrections to the three-body potentials by showing how they alter the low-energy and scattering length dependence of the recombination rate for both bosonic and fermionic systems, which exhibit suppressed recombination if compared to the three-dimensional case. We verify these results through numerical calculations of recombination for systems with finite-range interactions and supporting a few two-body bound states. We also study finite-range effects for the energies of the universal three-identical-bosons states and found a slow approach to universal predictions as a function of the scattering length.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure