ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ДИУРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦВЕТКОВ КАЛЕНДУЛЫ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ

The flowers of the pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) are part of combination herbal medicinal preparations which applied in the treatment of diseases of the hepatobiliary system, gastrointestinal tract, diseases of kidneys and the urinary tract, such as «Fitonephrol» («Urological tea»). Calendula flowers make a contribution in the total therapeutic activity of «Urological tea» as a component which has anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. As is widely known that phytopharmaceuticals usually combine the variety of therapeutic activity and softness of pharmacological effects along with the absence of a significant number of side effects and contraindications which is extremely important in the treatment of chronic pathologies. The main purpose was to study diuretic activity of phytopreparations of pot marigold.Materials and methods. Investigations of discovering of diuretic action of pot marigold’s phytopreparations were carried out on white rats of both sexes weighing 200–220 g (8 sets of experiments). Each experimental group consisted of ten animals. The effect of pot marigold medicines at a dose of 50 mg/kg was carried out background the administered intragastrically at 3% aqueous load of 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. There are such drugs as a subjects to examination: calendula tincture (1 : 10) (industrial production), calendula tincture (1 : 5) and calendula liquid extract (1 : 2) of 70% alcohol, obtained at the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and Bases of Phytotherapy, at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Animals were housed in the vivarium on a standard diet with free access to water. The day before the experiment the rats received intragastric water load in the amount of 3% of body weight. On the day of the experiment the animals of the control group was administered water-alcohol load and experienced – intragastrically drug dose of 50 mg/kg in an identical volume of water. As a control was used 70% alcohol. Animals were placed in metabolic cages on day. Collected urine of rats were examined. Determined excretion of water. The concentration of sodium and potassium was detected by flame photometry (mark PAG-1) for 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. The concentration of creatinine was detected by colorimetric method (mark CPHC-3) for 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. The results of experiments were performed statistical on the Mann-Whitney test. Experiments were carried out with all the necessary ethical requirements.Main results. It was found that among the studied drugs on 4 hours of the experiment the liquid extract indicate diuretic properties. Tincture (1 : 5) showed expressed diuretic activity, saluretic and keratin properties. Tincture (1 : 10) had tendency to increase diuresis. Such effects decreased within the day.Conclusion. Preparations of marigold flowers in the form of tinctures (1 : 5) and the liquid extract (1 : 2) 70% alcohol at a single intragastric administration to rats at a dose of 50 μl/kg reveal a marked diuretic effect, significantly increasing the amount of urine, excretion electrolytes and creatinine relative to the control. In consideration of the fact that preparations of Calendula flowers have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, the results have a great interest in terms of the complex therapy of acute and chronic kidney and urinary tract diseases. Цветки ноготков, или календулы лекарственной (Calendula officinalis L.), применяются как официнальное лекарственное растительное сырье в Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Цветки календулы входят в состав различных лекарственных сборов, применяемых при лечении заболеваний гепатобилиарной системы, желудочно-кишечного тракта, а также почек и мочевыводящих путей. Например «Фитонефрол» («Урологический сбор») используется в качестве компонента, обладающего противовоспалительными и репаративными свойствами. При этом фитопрепараты традиционно сочетают в себе широту и мягкость терапевтического действия наряду с отсутствием значительного количества побочных эффектов и противопоказаний, что чрезвычайно важно при терапии хронических патологий. Цель  работы – исследование диуретической активности препаратов календулы лекарственной. Материал и методы исследования. Опыты по изучению диуретической активности препаратов цветков календулы лекарственной были поставлены на белых беспородных половозрелых крысах обоего пола массой 200–220 г (восемь серий экспериментов). Каждая опытная группа состояла из 10 животных. Исследовалось влияние препаратов календулы в дозе 50 мкл/кг при внутрижелудочном введении на фоне 3%-й водной нагрузки за 4 и 24 ч эксперимента. Исследованию подверглись следующие лекарственные препараты: настойка календулы (1 : 10) промышленного производства, настойка календулы (1 : 5) и жидкий экстракт календулы (1 : 2) на 70%-м этиловом спирте, полученные на кафедре фармакогнозии с ботаникой и основами фитотерапии СамГМУ. Животные содержались в виварии на обычном рационе при свободном доступе к воде. За 1 сут до опыта крысы получали внутрижелудочно водную нагрузку в объеме 3% от массы тела. В день эксперимента животным контрольной группы вводили водно-спиртовый раствор (70%-й этанол в дозе 50 мкл/кг на фоне 3%-й водной нагрузки), а опытным – внутрижелудочно лекарственный препарат в дозе 50 мкл/кг в идентичном объеме воды. Животные помещались в обменные клетки на 1 сут, собранные порции мочи подвергались исследованию. Определялась экскреция воды, регистрировалась концентрация натрия и калия методом пламенной фотометрии на ПАЖ-1, креатинина – колориметрическим методом на КФК-3 за 4 и 24 ч эксперимента. Проводилась статистическая обработка полученных результатов экспериментов по критерию Манна – Уитни. Эксперименты были проведены с учетом всех необходимых этических требований. Основные результаты. Было установлено, что среди изученных препаратов за 4 ч эксперимента жидкий экстракт обладает выраженными диуретическими и салуретическими свойствами, настойка (1 : 5) – выраженными диуретическими, салуретическими и креатининуретическими свойствами, а настойка (1 : 10) имеет лишь тенденцию к повышению диуреза, причем данные эффекты ослабевают в течение 1 сут. Результаты. Препараты цветков ноготков в виде настойки (1 : 5) и жидкого экстракта (1 : 2) на 70%-м этаноле при однократном внутрижелудочном введении крысам в дозе 50 мкл/кг проявляют выраженные диуретические свойства, достоверно увеличивая относительно контроля объем выделяемой мочи, экскрецию электролитов и креатинина. Учитывая, что препараты на основе цветков календулы лекарственной обладают также антисептическим и противовоспалительным действием, полученные результаты представляют большой интерес в плане комплексной терапии острых и хронических заболеваний почек и мочевыводящих путей. 

Противовирусная терапия и профилактика острых респираторных инфекций

Thearticle presents the results of years of studies (including biochemical and immunological) of the effectiveness of application and prophylaxis (in relation to nosocomial infections) and the safety of antiviral chemical preparation Arbidol in 694 children with influenza and influenza-like illness, including the coronavirus infection (43 children) and combined lesions of respiratory tract (150), indicating the possible inclusion of the drug in the complex therapy for children with the listed diseases, regardless of the severity and nature of their course. The studies were conducted according to the regulated standard of test conditions and randomized clinical trials.Представлены результаты многолетних исследований (в том числе биохимические и иммунологические), лечебной и профилактической (по отношению к госпитальным инфекциям) эффективности и безопасности противовирусного химиопрепарата Арбидол у 694 детей с гриппом и гриппоподобными заболеваниями, в том числе с коронавирусной инфекцией (43 ребенка) и сочетанным поражением респираторного и кишечного трактов (150 человек), свидетельствующие о возможности включения препарата в комплексную терапию детей с перечисленными заболеваниями, независимо от тяжести и характера их течения. Исследования проводились по регламентированному стандарту условий и тестов рандомизированных клинических испытаний.

Circulating soluble Fas levels and risk of ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of apoptosis, specifically overexpression of soluble Fas (sFas), has been proposed to play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate serum sFas as a potential biomarker of ovarian cancer risk. METHODS: The association between serum sFas levels and the risk of ovarian cancer was examined in a case-control study nested within three prospective cohorts in New York (USA), Umeå (Sweden), and Milan (Italy). Case subjects were 138 women with primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed between 2 months and 13.2 years after the initial blood donation. Control subjects were 263 women who were free of cancer, and matched the case on cohort, menopausal status, age, and enrollment date. Serum sFas levels were determined using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Serum sFas levels were similar in women subsequently diagnosed with ovarian cancer (median, 6.5 ng/mL; range, 4.4 – 10.2) and in controls (median, 6.8 ng/mL; range, 4.5 – 10.1). Statistically significant trends of increasing serum sFas with age were observed among cases (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001) and controls (r = 0.42, p < 0.0001). Compared to women in the lowest third, women in the highest third of serum sFas were not at increased risk of ovarian cancer after adjustment for potential confounders (odd ratio (OR), 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42 – 1.82). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that serum sFas may not be a suitable marker for identification of women at increased risk of ovarian cancer

ОНКОМАРКЕРЫ СА 125, НЕ 4 КАК ПРЕДИКТОРНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРОГНОЗА У БОЛЬНЫХ С ПОГРАНИЧНЫМИ ОПУХОЛЯМИ ЯИЧНИКОВ

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of tumor markers СА 125 and НЕ 4 and disease stage, histological type as well as treatment in patients with borderline ovarian tumors. Materials and methods. Thirty patients with borderline ovarian tumors were retrospectively studied. The control group consisted of 70 patients with ovarian cancer and 30 healthy women. Results. Expression levels of СА 125 and НЕ were higher in patients with borderline tumors than in healthy women. In patients with stage I-II borderline ovarian tumors, СА 125 and НЕ 4 levels were similar to those observed in patients with ovarian cancer. However, in patients with stage III borderline ovarian tumors. After completing treatment, a significant reduction in the expression of СА 125 and НЕ 4 markers occurred. Conclusion. Tumor markers HE4 and CA125 can be predictive factors for tumor response to therapy and the tool for detecting patients at high risk for ovarian cancer

Spin chemistry investigation of peculiarities of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor linked system

Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in linked systems, (R,S)- and (S,S)-naproxen-N-methylpyrrolidine dyads, has been studied by means of spin chemistry methods [magnetic field effect and chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP)]. The relative yield of the triplet state of the dyads in different magnetic field has been measured, and dependences of the high-field CIDNP of the N-methylpyrrolidine fragment on solvent polarity have been investigated. However, both (S,S)- and (R,S)-enantiomers demonstrate almost identical CIDNP effects for the entire range of polarity. It has been demonstrated that the main peculiarities of photoprocesses in this linked system are connected with the participation of singlet exciplex alongside with photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in chromophore excited state quenching.This work was supported by the grants 08-03-00372 and 11-03-01104 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the grant of Priority Programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences, nr. 5.1.5.Magin, I.; Polyakov, N.; Khramtsova, E.; Kruppa, A.; Stepanov, A.; Purtov, P.; Leshina, T.... (2011). Spin chemistry investigation of peculiarities of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor linked system. Applied Magnetic Resonance. 41(2-4):205-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-011-0288-3S205220412-4J.S. Park, E. Karnas, K. Ohkubo, P. Chen, K.M. Kadish, S. Fukuzumi, C.W. Bielawski, T.W. Hudnall, V.M. Lynch, J.L. Sessler, Science 329, 1324–1327 (2010)S.Y. Reece, D.G. Nocera, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78, 673–699 (2009)M.S. Afanasyeva, M.B. Taraban, P.A. Purtov, T.V. Leshina, C.B. Grissom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 8651–8658 (2006)M.A. Fox, M. Chanon, in Photoinduced Electron Transfer. C: Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions: Organic Substrates (Elsevier, New York, 1988), p. 754P.J. Hayball, R.L. Nation, F. Bochner, Chirality 4, 484–487 (1992)N. Suesa, M.F. Fernandez, M. Gutierrez, M.J. Rufat, E. Rotllan, L. Calvo, D. Mauleon, G. Carganico, Chirality 5, 589–595 (1993)A.M. Evans, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 36, 7–15 (1996)Y. Inoue, T. Wada, S. Asaoka, H. Sato, J.-P. Pete, Chem Commun. 4, 251–259 (2000)T. Yorozu, K. Hayashi, M. Irie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 5480–5548 (1981)N.J. Turro, in Modern Molecular Photochemistry (Benjamin/Cummings, San Francisco, 1978)K.M. Salikhov, Y.N. Molin, R.Z. Sagdeev, A.L. Buchachenko, in Spin Polarization and Magnetic Field Effects in Radical Reactions (Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1984), p. 419E.A. Weiss, M.A. Ratner, M.R. Wasielewski, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 3639–3647 (2003)A.S. Lukas, P.J. Bushard, E.A. Weiss, M.R. Wasielewski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 3921–3930 (2003)R. Nakagaki, K. Mutai, M. Hiramatsu, H. Tukada, S. Nakakura, Can. J. Chem. 66, 1989–1996 (1988)M.C. Jim′enez, U. Pischel, M.A. Miranda, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 8, 128–142 (2007)S. Abad, U. Pischel, M.A. Miranda, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4, 69–74 (2005)U. Pischel, S. Abad, L.R. Domingo, F. Bosca, M.A. Miranda, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 2531–2534 (2003)G.L. Closs, R.J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 1639–1641 (1979)G.L. Closs, R.J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 3586–3588 (1981)M. Goez, Chem. Phys. Lett. 188, 451–456 (1992)I.F. Molokov, Y.P. Tsentalovich, A.V. Yurkovskaya, R.Z. Sagdeev, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 110, 159–165 (1997)U. Pischel, S. Abad, M.A. Miranda, Chem. Commun. 9, 1088–1089 (2003)H. Hayashi, S. Nagakura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57, 322–328 (1984)Y. Sakaguchi, H. Hayashi, S. Nagakura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 53, 39–42 (1980)H. Yonemura, H. Nakamura, T. Matsuo, Chem. Phys. Lett. 155, 157–161 (1989)N. Hata, M. Hokawa, Chem. Lett. 10, 507–510 (1981)M. Shiotani, L. Sjoeqvist, A. Lund, S. Lunell, L. Eriksson, M.B. Huang, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 8081–8090 (1990)E. Schaffner, H. Fischer, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 1657–1665 (1996)Y. Mori, Y. Sakaguchi, H. Hayashi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 286, 446–451 (1998)I.M. Magin, A.I. Kruppa, P.A. Purtov, Chem. Phys. 365, 80–84 (2009)K.K. Barnes, Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems (M. Dekker, New York, 1970), p. 560J. Bargon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 8350–8351 (1977)M. Goez, I. Frisch, J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 8079–8084 (2002)A.K. Chibisov, Russ. Chem. Rev. 50, 615–629 (1981)J. Goodman, K. Peters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 1441–1442 (1985)H. Cao, Y. Fujiwara, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, C.-H. Tung, Y. Tanimoto, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69, 2801–2813 (1996)P.A. Purtov, A.B. Doktorov, Chem. Phys. 178, 47–65 (1993)A.I. Kruppa, O.I. Mikhailovskaya, T.V. Leshina, Chem. Phys. Lett. 147, 65–71 (1988)M.E. Michel-Beyerle, R. Haberkorn, W. Bube, E. Steffens, H. Schröder, H.J. Neusser, E.W. Schlag, H. Seidlitz, Chem. Phys. 17, 139–145 (1976)K. Schulten, H. Staerk, A. Weller, H.-J. Werner, B. Nickel, Z. Phys. Chem. 101, 371–390 (1976)K. Gnadig, K.B. Eisenthal, Chem. Phys. Lett. 46, 339–342 (1977)T. Nishimura, N. Nakashima, N. Mataga, Chem. Phys. Lett. 46, 334–338 (1977)M.G. Kuzmin, I.V. Soboleva, E.V. Dolotova, D.N. Dogadkin, High Eng. Chem. 39, 86–96 (2005

Deep water inflow slowed offshore expansion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition

The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is threatened by the incursion of warm Circumpolar Deepwater which flows southwards via cross-shelf troughs towards the coast there melting ice shelves. However, the onset of this oceanic forcing on the development and evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet remains poorly understood. Here, we use single- and multichannel seismic reflection profiles to investigate the architecture of a sediment body on the shelf of the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We estimate the formation age of this sediment body to be around the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and find that it possesses the geometry and depositional pattern of a plastered sediment drift. We suggest this indicates a southward inflow of deep water which probably supplied heat and, thus, prevented West Antarctic Ice Sheet advance beyond the coast at this time. We conclude that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has likely experienced a strong oceanic influence on its dynamics since its initial formation

INVESTIGATION OF DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF PHYTOPREPARATIONS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. FLOWERS

The flowers of the pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) are part of combination herbal medicinal preparations which applied in the treatment of diseases of the hepatobiliary system, gastrointestinal tract, diseases of kidneys and the urinary tract, such as «Fitonephrol» («Urological tea»). Calendula flowers make a contribution in the total therapeutic activity of «Urological tea» as a component which has anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. As is widely known that phytopharmaceuticals usually combine the variety of therapeutic activity and softness of pharmacological effects along with the absence of a significant number of side effects and contraindications which is extremely important in the treatment of chronic pathologies. The main purpose was to study diuretic activity of phytopreparations of pot marigold.Materials and methods. Investigations of discovering of diuretic action of pot marigold’s phytopreparations were carried out on white rats of both sexes weighing 200–220 g (8 sets of experiments). Each experimental group consisted of ten animals. The effect of pot marigold medicines at a dose of 50 mg/kg was carried out background the administered intragastrically at 3% aqueous load of 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. There are such drugs as a subjects to examination: calendula tincture (1 : 10) (industrial production), calendula tincture (1 : 5) and calendula liquid extract (1 : 2) of 70% alcohol, obtained at the Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany and Bases of Phytotherapy, at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Animals were housed in the vivarium on a standard diet with free access to water. The day before the experiment the rats received intragastric water load in the amount of 3% of body weight. On the day of the experiment the animals of the control group was administered water-alcohol load and experienced – intragastrically drug dose of 50 mg/kg in an identical volume of water. As a control was used 70% alcohol. Animals were placed in metabolic cages on day. Collected urine of rats were examined. Determined excretion of water. The concentration of sodium and potassium was detected by flame photometry (mark PAG-1) for 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. The concentration of creatinine was detected by colorimetric method (mark CPHC-3) for 4 and 24 hours of the experiment. The results of experiments were performed statistical on the Mann-Whitney test. Experiments were carried out with all the necessary ethical requirements.Main results. It was found that among the studied drugs on 4 hours of the experiment the liquid extract indicate diuretic properties. Tincture (1 : 5) showed expressed diuretic activity, saluretic and keratin properties. Tincture (1 : 10) had tendency to increase diuresis. Such effects decreased within the day.Conclusion. Preparations of marigold flowers in the form of tinctures (1 : 5) and the liquid extract (1 : 2) 70% alcohol at a single intragastric administration to rats at a dose of 50 μl/kg reveal a marked diuretic effect, significantly increasing the amount of urine, excretion electrolytes and creatinine relative to the control. In consideration of the fact that preparations of Calendula flowers have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, the results have a great interest in terms of the complex therapy of acute and chronic kidney and urinary tract diseases

Lipoprotein(a), homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged men

Aim. To investigate the association between serum homocysteine, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and coronary atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged men.Material and methods. The study included 40 men aged 29-58 years (mean age 43,8±6,2 years), with coronary heart disease (CHD) verified by coronary angiography. The control group (CG) included 27 CHD-free men. In all participants, concentrations of homocysteine, Lp(a), total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein CH (HDL-CH) were assessed. Low-density lipoprotein CH (LDL-CH) level was calculated using Friedewald formula.Results. Concentrations of homocysteine, Lp(a), TCH, and LDL-CH were significantly higher in CHD patients than in CG individuals: 12,4±5,8 and 10,0±2,9 micromol/l (p&lt;0,05); 37±40 and 13±11 mg/dl (p&lt;0,01); 6,4±1,3 and 5,6±1,0 mmol/l (p&lt;0,01); 4,4±1,2 and 3,4±0,9 mmol/l (p&lt;0,001), respectively. No significant inter-group differences in TG and HDL-CH levels were observed. In multiple regression analysis, coronary atherosclerosis presence and severity was independently associated with Lp(a), but not with homocysteine level. There was a positive correlation between Lp(a) and homocysteine concentrations.Conclusion. In young and middle-aged men, coronary atherosclerosis was associated with increased Lp(a) level, being unassociated with homocysteine concentration

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography for the prediction of radioiodine therapy response in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer

The study objective was to investigate the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) as an indirect determination of the differentiation status of metastases and for the prediction of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy response in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.Materials and methods. The 40 metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer patients were enrolled in the study that underwent both post-therapeutic radioiodine scan and PET-CT at the same period.Results. The study found that 12 (30 %) patients responded to RAI therapy. The remaining 28 (70 %) patients not responded to RAI therapy showed stabilization or progression. The accumulation of radioiodine by metastases positively correlated with the total response rate, while the 18 F-FDG avidity is negative. Significant direct correlation with response rate was observed in the group with only radioiodine uptake. However, this correlation was not observed in the patients with both tracers uptake. The patients with 18 F-FDG-positive metastases showed poor response to RAI therapy, regardless of the degree of radioiodine uptake.Conclusion. The 18 F-FDG uptake by metastases is a predictor of a poor response to RAI therapy, even in the presence of RAI uptake. The use of 18 F-FDG PET-CT in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer can be recommended at the beginning of RAI therapy to clarify the prognosis and provide a personalized approach to the treatment and observation of the most difficult category of patients