Modern Techniques for Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy

Cervical cancer is a socially significant illness often impacting women of reproductive and working age. The patients’ young age and social activity warrant the development of effective and safe therapies.The past decades have witnessed the novel radiation techniques to contain cervical cancer: 3DCRT-3D, IMRT, and VMAT, adaptive radiotherapy, CT/MRI-guided intracavitary radiation, combined interstitial and intracavitary radiation, abandoning intracavitary intervention for external beam delivery with sequential or concurrent cervical dose escalation, under brachytherapy unfeasible.Modern equipment and treatment planning systems allow a high dose delivery to the tumour and intracavitary treatment with visual control of the target and organs at risk. Combining of intracavitary and interstitial radiotherapy enables a better dose coverage of the target at a minimal radiation impact on organs at risk.Phasing-out of intracavitary for external radiotherapy may enable a cancericide dose delivery to the tumour under intractable intracavitary treatment.The major goal of technic novelties is the establishment of personalised radiotherapy for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the incidence and/or severity of radiation side effects. The article overviews the radiotherapy techniques for cervical cancer treatment and routes of their development

Современные методы лучевой терапии рака шейки матки

Cervical cancer is a socially significant illness often impacting women of reproductive and working age. The patients’ young age and social activity warrant the development of effective and safe therapies.The past decades have witnessed the novel radiation techniques to contain cervical cancer: 3DCRT-3D, IMRT, and VMAT, adaptive radiotherapy, CT/MRI-guided intracavitary radiation, combined interstitial and intracavitary radiation, abandoning intracavitary intervention for external beam delivery with sequential or concurrent cervical dose escalation, under brachytherapy unfeasible.Modern equipment and treatment planning systems allow a high dose delivery to the tumour and intracavitary treatment with visual control of the target and organs at risk. Combining of intracavitary and interstitial radiotherapy enables a better dose coverage of the target at a minimal radiation impact on organs at risk.Phasing-out of intracavitary for external radiotherapy may enable a cancericide dose delivery to the tumour under intractable intracavitary treatment.The major goal of technic novelties is the establishment of personalised radiotherapy for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the incidence and/or severity of radiation side effects. The article overviews the radiotherapy techniques for cervical cancer treatment and routes of their development.Рак шейки матки является социально значимым заболеванием и часто диагностируется у женщин репродуктивного и работоспособного возраста. Молодой и социально активный возраст данных пациентов делает необходимым разработку эффективных и безопасных методов лечения.За последние десятилетия появились новые методики лучевого лечения рака шейки матки: внедрение 3DCRT-3D, IMRT и VMAT, адаптивная лучевая терапия, планирование внутриполостного облучения по КТ/МРТ-изображениям, комбинирование внутритканевой и внутриполостной лучевой терапии, замена внутриполостного этапа лучевой терапии дистанционным компонентом с последовательной или одновременной эскалацией дозы на шейку матки при невозможности проведения брахитерапии.Современное оборудование и системы планирования позволяют подводить высокие дозы на опухоль, проводить внутриполостную лучевую терапию под визуальным контролем мишени и органов риска. Комбинация внутриполостной и внутритканевой лучевой терапии дает возможность лучшего охвата мишени дозой, максимально исключая органы риска из зоны облучения.Замена внутриполостного этапа лучевой терапии дистанционным компонентом может дать возможность подвести канцерицидную дозу к опухоли при невозможности проведения внутриполостного лечения.Целью поиска и внедрения новых методик является персонифицированная оптимизация лучевой терапии для улучшения результатов лечения, снижения частоты и/или выраженности побочных эффектов радиотерапии. В данной статье представлен обзор методов лучевого лечения рака шейки матки и направлений их развития

Mitochondrionopathy Phenotype in Doxorubicin-Treated Wistar Rats Depends on Treatment Protocol and Is Cardiac-Specific

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a very effective antineoplastic agent, its clinical use is limited by a dose-dependent, persistent and cumulative cardiotoxicity, whose mechanism remains to be elucidated. Previous works in animal models have failed to use a multi-organ approach to demonstrate that DOX-associated toxicity is selective to the cardiac tissue. In this context, the present work aims to investigate in vivo DOX cardiac, hepatic and renal toxicity in the same animal model, with special relevance on alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics. To this end, male Wistar rats were sub-chronically (7 wks, 2 mg/Kg) or acutely (20 mg/Kg) treated with DOX and sacrificed one week or 24 hours after the last injection, respectively. Alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics showed treatment-dependent differences between tissues. No alterations were observed for cardiac mitochondria in the acute model but decreased ADP-stimulated respiration was detected in the sub-chronic treatment. In the acute treatment model, ADP-stimulated respiration was increased in liver and decreased in kidney mitochondria. Aconitase activity, a marker of oxidative stress, was decreased in renal mitochondria in the acute and in heart in the sub-chronic model. Interestingly, alterations of cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics co-existed with an absence of echocardiograph, histopathological or ultra-structural alterations. Besides, no plasma markers of cardiac injury were found in any of the time points studied. The results confirm that alterations of mitochondrial function, which are more evident in the heart, are an early marker of DOX-induced toxicity, existing even in the absence of cardiac functional alterations

A Neuron-Glial Perspective for Computational Neuroscience

International audienceThere is growing excitement around glial cells, as compelling evidence point to new, previously unimaginable roles for these cells in information processing of the brain, with the potential to affect behavior and higher cognitive functions. Among their many possible functions, glial cells could be involved in practically every aspect of the brain physiology in health and disease. As a result, many investigators in the field welcome the notion of a Neuron-Glial paradigm of brain function, as opposed to Ramon y Cayal's more classical neuronal doctrine which identifies neurons as the prominent, if not the only, cells capable of a signaling role in the brain. The demonstration of a brain-wide Neuron-Glial paradigm however remains elusive and so does the notion of what neuron-glial interactions could be functionally relevant for the brain computational tasks. In this perspective, we present a selection of arguments inspired by available experimental and modeling studies with the aim to provide a biophysical and conceptual platform to computational neuroscience no longer as a mere prerogative of neuronal signaling but rather as the outcome of a complex interaction between neurons and glial cells

Radiation Treatment of Synchronous Gynaecologic Cancer: a Clinical Case

Introduction. Recent years have witnessed an increased incidence of multiple neoplasms. In multiple combined cancer, the choice of treatment strategy remains challenging, as two or more tumours require treatment in the shortest perspective. However, an intense treatment may induce many and severe complications with co-located organs and systems. No universal protocol or treatment standard for managing multiple primary cancers is accepted in Russia or worldwide.Materials and methods. The clinical case describes radiation treatment of a female patient with synchronous gynaecologic cancer of vagina and endometrium at the “TOOD” medical facility’s radiotherapy unit. Our treatment was designed to maximise the dosage targeting at a minimal off-coverage of healthy tissues. The treatment was conducted in two steps on an Elekta Synergy Platform S instrument, with the total duration of 62 days.Results and discussion. After radiotherapy, the patient had an oncologic and gynaecologic observation for one year. A complete tumour regression in two localities was confirmed visually, cytologically and instrumentally.Conclusion. A treatment strategy in multiple primary cancers should be personalised. With unfeasible “standard therapy”, alternative approaches for the patient’s treatment are to be explored. We report a successful therapy in a woman with synchronous gynaecologic cancer by applying remote conformal radiation in regional uterine cancers with simultaneous integrated boost to the vaginal tumour during the first radiation step. Brachytherapy at the second step was replaced with stereotactic radiation due to vaginal constriction, pain syndrome and unfeasible applicator installation

Лучевое лечение синхронного гинекологического рака: случай из клинической практики

Introduction. Recent years have witnessed an increased incidence of multiple neoplasms. In multiple combined cancer, the choice of treatment strategy remains challenging, as two or more tumours require treatment in the shortest perspective. However, an intense treatment may induce many and severe complications with co-located organs and systems. No universal protocol or treatment standard for managing multiple primary cancers is accepted in Russia or worldwide.Materials and methods. The clinical case describes radiation treatment of a female patient with synchronous gynaecologic cancer of vagina and endometrium at the “TOOD” medical facility’s radiotherapy unit. Our treatment was designed to maximise the dosage targeting at a minimal off-coverage of healthy tissues. The treatment was conducted in two steps on an Elekta Synergy Platform S instrument, with the total duration of 62 days.Results and discussion. After radiotherapy, the patient had an oncologic and gynaecologic observation for one year. A complete tumour regression in two localities was confirmed visually, cytologically and instrumentally.Conclusion. A treatment strategy in multiple primary cancers should be personalised. With unfeasible “standard therapy”, alternative approaches for the patient’s treatment are to be explored. We report a successful therapy in a woman with synchronous gynaecologic cancer by applying remote conformal radiation in regional uterine cancers with simultaneous integrated boost to the vaginal tumour during the first radiation step. Brachytherapy at the second step was replaced with stereotactic radiation due to vaginal constriction, pain syndrome and unfeasible applicator installation. Введение. В последние годы отмечено увеличение частоты множественных новообразований. При сочетании нескольких видов рака остается нерешенной проблемой выбор тактики ведения таких пациентов, так как требуется лечение опухолей двух и более локализаций за максимально короткий период. Однако увеличение объемов лечения может негативно сказаться на количестве и выраженности осложнений со стороны соседних органов и систем. Протоколов и стандартов лечения больных с первично-множественными опухолями в России и в зарубежной литературе нет.Материалы и методы. В данном клиническом случае описано лучевое лечение женщины с синхронным гинекологическим раком (рак влагалища и рак эндометрия) в условиях радиотерапевтического отделения ОГАУЗ «ТООД». При планировании лечения мы руководствовались принципом максимального охвата дозой мишеней при минимальном поражении органов риска. Лечение данной пациентки было разделено на два этапа и проводилось на аппарате Elekta Synergy Platform S, общее время лечения составило 62 дня.Результаты и обсуждение. После проведения радиотерапии пациентка наблюдалась у онколога-гинеколога в течение 1 года. По данным осмотра, цитологического и инструментального исследований диагностирован полный регресс опухолей двух локализаций.Заключение. Тактика лечения пациентов с первично-множественными опухолями должна быть индивидуальна для каждого клинического случая. При невозможности проведения стандартного лечения необходимо находить альтернативные пути лечения таких пациентов. Мы получили хороший результат лечения женщины с синхронным гинекологическим раком, применив дистанционную конформную лучевую терапию на область матки с регионарными зонами и одновременным интегрированным бустом на опухоль влагалища на первом этапе радиотерапии. Курс брахитерапии на втором этапе был заменен стереотаксической лучевой терапией изза сужения влагалища, болевого синдрома и невозможности адекватной установки аппликаторов.

Apport de la fibre optique pour l’étude des ancrages passifs scellés au rocher en milieu fracturé

International audienceLa fracturation des massifs rocheux impacte le comportement des ancrages passifs scellés au rocher utilisés pour la gestion du risque rocheux. Nous présentons les résultats d’essais d’arrachement instrumentés par fibre optique réalisés sur trois sites présentant des niveaux de fracturation variables. Ces résultats couplés avec de l’endoscopie permettent de mieux comprendre les sollicitations en profondeur