102 research outputs found

    Geometric classification by stress polytopes. Performances and integration

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    We present in this paper a fast classification operator suitable for image processing, the performances of this operator as well as its implementation in the form of an ASIC. In image segmentation and classification in view of defect detection, it is often impossible to find a reduced set of pertinent characteristic parameters which allows to distinguish the classes. We propose herein a geometric classification method by stress polytop training which allows the use of a great number of parameters and ensures a high decision speed . The decision operator associated with the classification has been implemented in Standard Cell and Full Custom . Its ease of use, rapidity, and robustness in classification are the major qualities which enable it to compete with neural operators .Nous prĂ©sentons dans cet article un opĂ©rateur de classification rapide adaptĂ© au traitement d'images, ses performances en classification, ainsi que son intĂ©gration dans un circuit ASIC. Pour effectuer une segmentation ou un classement d'images en vue de la dĂ©tection de dĂ©fauts, il est souvent impossible de trouver un nombre rĂ©duit de paramĂštres caractĂ©ristiques pertinents qui permettent de discriminer les classes. Nous proposons une mĂ©thode de classification gĂ©omĂ©trique par apprentissage de polytopes de contraintes, qui autorise l'utilisation d'un grand nombre de paramĂštres et assure une vitesse de dĂ©cision Ă©levĂ©e. L'opĂ©rateur de dĂ©cision associĂ© Ă  cette classification a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ© sous forme de circuit prĂ©caractĂ©risĂ© dont la simplicitĂ© de mise en Ɠuvre, la rapiditĂ© et la robustesse en classification sont des qualitĂ©s qui lui permettent de rivaliser avec les opĂ©rateurs neuronau

    Segmentation d'images de semiconducteur pour la détection de défauts

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    Ce papier présente un algorithme de segmentation adapté aux images de semiconducteur générées par un outil optique d'inspection. Le but principal de ce travail est la segmentation d'images pour une sélection automatique du niveau de seuillage pour l'inspection « die-to-die» de wafer électronique. Les différentes structures produisent des niveaux de bruit différent lors de la détection de défaut. Il est donc nécessaire de générer automatiquement un masque de ces différentes régions afin de déterminer un niveau de seuillage local, et optimiser le rapport signal sur bruit. Une segmentation supervisée basée sur la transformée en ondelettes est utilisée afin de créer le masque d'une puce entiÚre. Pendant l'inspection, le masque est appliqué sur l'image de différence, et le seuil est automatiquement déterminé, basé sur le niveau de bruit à l'intérieur de chaque région, et un coefficient spécifique au type de structure. La segmentation permet d'augmenter le nombre de défauts trouvés, et de diminuer le nombre de fausses détections

    Réalisation d'un capteur d'images matriciel avec sortie numérique

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    Cet article prĂ©sente un prototype de capteur d'images conçu au laboratoire LE2I du Creusot. Il est rĂ©alisĂ© sous la forme d'un ASIC en technologie Cmos 1.0mm. Il est destinĂ© Ă  ĂȘtre utilisĂ© en contrĂŽle qualitĂ© par vision artificielle pour des scĂšnes prĂ©sentant de forts contrastes lumineux. Un procĂ©dĂ© original de numĂ©risation du niveau de gris permet de contourner la notion classique de temps d'exposition variable et de traiter aisĂ©ment les problĂšmes d'Ă©blouissement local. Il permet Ă©galement d'ouvrir de larges perspectives dans le domaine des capteurs intelligents, en effet la numĂ©risation de l'information au niveau mĂȘme du photosite permet, Ă  terme d'envisager l'intĂ©gration d'un classifieur dans le voisinage immĂ©diat du pixel, et de fournir une dĂ©cision binaire en sortie du capteur

    Size effects on the Neél temperature of antiferromagnetic NiO nanoparticles

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    Among all antiferromagnetic transition metal monoxides, NiO presents the highest Neél temperature (TN ~ 525 K). In this work, the size-dependent reduction of TN in NiO nanoparticles with average diameters (D) ranging from 4 to 9 nm is investigated by neutron diffraction. The scaling law followed by TN(D) is in agreement with the Binder theory of critical phenomena in low-dimensional systems. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements link the decrease of TN to the occurrence of size effects (average undercoordination, bond relaxation and static disorder) in the nearest and next-nearest Ni coordination shells that hold the key for the maintenance of the antiferromagnetic order

    High-temperature anti-Invar behavior of gamma-Fe precipitates in Fe_xCu_(100-x) solid solutions: Ferromagnetic phases

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    High-temperature magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements on metastable Fe_xCu_(100-x) solid solutions have recently shown to imply that γ-Fe precipitates present ferromagnetic anti-Invar behavior. For this reason, we have studied the ferromagnetic phases of γ-Fe in moment-volume parameter space, using the general potential linearized-augmented plane-wave method and the fixed spin moment procedure in order to calculate the corresponding total energy. We find that only two ferromagnetic phases (one related to a low- spin state and the other to a high-spin state) can exist and even coexist in limited volume ranges (3.55-3.59 Å). Hence, our results provide a "revisited" version of the local spin density calculations used in the early article by Moruzzi [Phys. Rev. B 34, 1784 (1986)]. In addition, the fixed spin moment method-using an energy-moment-volume space representation-allows us to conclude that the high-spin state is the ground state of the gamma-Fe precipitates, as the anti-Invar behavior is an intrinsic property of these states. This simple scenario seems to adequately describe the perplexing phenomenology recently observed on Fe_xCu_(100-x) solid solutions

    Kink propagation in a two-dimensional curved Josephson junction

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    We consider the propagation of sine-Gordon kinks in a planar curved strip as a model of nonlinear wave propagation in curved wave guides. The homogeneous Neumann transverse boundary conditions, in the curvilinear coordinates, allow to assume a homogeneous kink solution. Using a simple collective variable approach based on the kink coordinate, we show that curved regions act as potential barriers for the wave and determine the threshold velocity for the kink to cross. The analysis is confirmed by numerical solution of the 2D sine-Gordon equation.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures (2 in color

    On the nonlinear stability of mKdV breathers

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    A mathematical proof for the stability of mKdV breathers is announced. This proof involves the existence of a nonlinear equation satisfied by all breather profiles, and a new Lyapunov functional which controls the dynamics of small perturbations and instability modes. In order to construct such a functional, we work in a subspace of the energy one. However, our proof introduces new ideas in order to attack the corresponding stability problem in the energy space. Some remarks about the sine-Gordon case are also considered.Comment: 7 p

    Size-induced superantiferromagnetism with reentrant spin-glass behavior in metallic nanoparticles of TbCu2

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    An unusual 4f -superantiferromagnetic state characterized by simultaneous antiferromagnetic and spin-glass behaviors induced by particle-size reduction is revealed in metallic nanoparticles (≈ 9 nm) of TbCu 2 . The NĂ©el temperature is 46 K and the glassy freezing is below ≈ 9 K and governed by a critical slowing down process. Neutron diffraction at 1.8 K establishes the superantiferromagnetism. The latter is settled by the nanoparticle moments and the freezing mechanism is provided by the surface spins
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