THE EFFECT OF MONEY AVAILABILITY FOR SHOPPING ON IMPULSIVE PURCHASING IN DIFFERENT CULTURES: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF INFLUENCE OF SHOPPING COMPANION

The paper investigates the relationship between the availability of money for shopping activities and impulsive purchasing of consumers. Further, it is observed whether decisions of consumers are changed when they go shopping with someone which means the moderating effect of influence of shopping companion on impulsive decisions of the consumers. The study will be really significant as it examines the influence of other persons in buying decisions whereas most of previous studies come out with individual level factors. For the study a sample was conveniently selected consisting 150 respondents representing Norway and Sri Lanka. The survey was employed as the tool to collect primary data by using self-administered questionnaire. Through the findings it was revealed that, the availability of money shows significant positive relationship in consumers' impulsive purchasing of both nationalities. However, as further results shopping companions significantly influence the relationship between main variables: availability of money and impulsive buying but that is only related to Sri Lankan Sample. The future research implications have discussed.&nbsp

TFI-FTS: An efficient transient fault injection and fault-tolerant system for asynchronous circuits on FPGA platform

Designing VLSI digital circuits is challenging tasks because of testing the circuits concerning design time. The reliability and productivity of digital integrated circuits are primarily affected by the defects in the manufacturing process or systems. If the defects are more in the systems, which leads the fault in the systems. The fault tolerant systems are necessary to overcome the faults in the VLSI digital circuits. In this research article, an asynchronous circuits based an effective transient fault injection (TFI) and fault tolerant system (FTS) are modelled. The TFI system generates the faults based on BMA based LFSR with faulty logic insertion and one hot encoded register. The BMA based LFSR reduces the hardware complexity with less power consumption on-chip than standard LFSR method. The FTS uses triple mode redundancy (TMR) based majority voter logic (MVL) to tolerant the faults for asynchronous circuits. The benchmarked 74X-series circuits are considered as an asynchronous circuit for TMR logic. The TFI-FTS module is modeled using Verilog-HDL on Xilinx-ISE and synthesized on hardware platform. The Performance parameters are tabulated for TFI-FTS based asynchronous circuits. The performance of TFI-FTS Module is analyzed with 100% fault coverage. The fault coverage is validated using functional simulation of each asynchronous circuit with fault injection in TFI-FTS Module

The impact of green marketing tools on green product purchase behavior: the moderation effect of consumer demographics

Purpose: The green concept has become a major concern of the modern world when consumers buy a product. Sri Lankan consumers also change their purchasing behavior toward green purchases. Even though environmental actives influence humans and firms’ behavior very significantly, very limited academic disciplines have integrated the selected phenomenon into their literature especially true of marketing. Thus, this study focuses on whether Environmental Advertisements, Perception of Eco-labels, and Perception of Eco Brands impact on green purchasing behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: The present study empirically tests the theoretical model in social-ecological paradigm association with green advertising tools and green purchase behavior. A survey of 150 consumers who used electronic home appliances is conducted as a self-administrated questionnaire. Findings: According to the findings, green marketing tools positively impact Green Purchasing Behavior in the electronics home appliances market. Further, the moderation effects make sure consumer demographics such as gender and education level have significant effects on the green behavior of the electronic home appliances market, but the different marketing tools are different. Originality: This study provides penetrations into studying the impact of green marketing tools on consumer purchasing behaviour with consumer demographics and motivation to purchase green electronic home appliances.       Implications: This study provides insights to marketers to use Environmental Advertisement, Eco-Labeling system, and Eco Brand System to motivate the customers to buy the green products. The green marketers can establish a uniform Eco-Label system with the support of the government. Further, the marketers can enhance customer awareness regarding the standardized Eco Label using the Environmental Advertisement. Keywords: Eco-Brand, Eco-Label, Environmental-Advertisement, Green Marketing Tools, Green Purchasing Behaviour

Tunable scattering from liquid crystal devices using carbon nanotubes network electrodes

Liquid crystals are of technological interest as they allow for optical effects which can be electrically controlled. In this paper we present an electro-optical device consisting of nematic liquid crystals addressed by an electrode structure consisting of thin films of polymer wrapped single walled carbon nanotubes (nanohybrids). Thin films of nanohybrids display excellent optical transmission and electrical conduction properties. Due to the randomly organised nanohybrids these composite films produce interesting director profile arrangements within the liquid crystal layers. As a result, enhanced scattering of laser and white light was observed from these liquid crystal cells which bend themselves as electrically controllable optical diffusers and beam shapers

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research

Genome-wide imputation study identifies novel HLA locus for pulmonary fibrosis and potential role for auto-immunity in fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (fIIP) are a group of fatal lung diseases with largely unknown etiology and without definitive treatment other than lung transplant to prolong life. There is strong evidence for the importance of both rare and common genetic risk alleles in familial and sporadic disease. We have previously used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to identify 10 risk loci for fIIP. Here we extend that work to imputed genome-wide genotypes and conduct new RNA sequencing studies of lung tissue to identify and characterize new fIIP risk loci.We performed genome-wide genotype imputation association analyses in 1616 non-Hispanic white (NHW) cases and 4683 NHW controls followed by validation and replication (878 cases, 2017 controls) genotyping and targeted gene expression in lung tissue. Following meta-analysis of the discovery and replication populations, we identified a novel fIIP locus in the HLA region of chromosome 6 (rs7887 P meta  = 3.7 × 10(-09)). Imputation of classic HLA alleles identified two in high linkage disequilibrium that are associated with fIIP (DRB1*15:01 P = 1.3 × 10(-7) and DQB1*06:02 P = 6.1 × 10(-8)). Targeted RNA-sequencing of the HLA locus identified 21 genes differentially expressed between fibrotic and control lung tissue (Q < 0.001), many of which are involved in immune and inflammatory response regulation. In addition, the putative risk alleles, DRB1*15:01 and DQB1*06:02, are associated with expression of the DQB1 gene among fIIP cases (Q < 1 × 10(-16)).We have identified a genome-wide significant association between the HLA region and fIIP. Two HLA alleles are associated with fIIP and affect expression of HLA genes in lung tissue, indicating that the potential genetic risk due to HLA alleles may involve gene regulation in addition to altered protein structure. These studies reveal the importance of the HLA region for risk of fIIP and a basis for the potential etiologic role of auto-immunity in fIIP.National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute R01-HL095393 R01-HL097163 P01-HL092870 RC2-HL101715 U01-HL089897 U01-HL089856 U01-HL108642 P50-HL089493

Financial literacy and inclusive growth: A Study on marginalized sections of Karnataka

All individuals share the same goals-economic security for themselves, their families and future generations. However, the poor, the marginalized sections especially, Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled tribes (ST) have lesser resources and economic opportunities to do so. Most of them live in high-risk and unpredictable environments. In this context, managing the little money that they have is vital. Astute money management is critical for meeting day-to-day needs, dealing with life cycle events and unexpected emergencies, taking advantage of opportunities when they present themselves and planning for the future. Building assets is important for these sections, because they provide the basis for economic security. Hence, sound financial management is critical to the process of accumulating all kinds of assets and preserving them. However, financial conditions of these sections are very pathetic and one of the main reasons is the lesser knowledge in managing financial matters and it leads to financial exclusion. Studies also reveal that despite making significant improvements in all the areas relating to financial viability, profitability and competitiveness, there are concerns that Indian formal financial institutions have not been able to include vast segment of the population, especially the underprivileged sections of the society, into the fold of basic banking services. An ICRIER study by Mandira Sarma (Sarma 2009) placed India at a low 29th rank (out of 55 countries) on an Index of Financial Inclusion with a value of 0.2. At this juncture, financial literacy or financial education campaign by the RBI doing well in bringing excluded population to the main stream of formal banking system on the one hand and maintaining financial stability of the country on the other hand. However, the status of marginalised sections is still not improved due to numerous reasons including lack of financial literacy

Impact of yeshaswini health scheme on out of pocket expenditure: an empirical investigation

Out-of-pocket payments for health can cause households to incur catastrophic expenditures, which in turn can push them into poverty. Hence, key to protecting people is to ensure prepayment and pooling of resources for health, rather than relying on people paying for health services out-of-pocket at the time of use. The present study was conducted with the following objective of 1. To analyze the impact of Yeshaswini Health Insurance Schemein reducing out of pocket expenditure 2. To suggest suitable policy prescriptions. The primary sources of data were collected from two taluks of Tumkur district of Karnataka. Totally 80 sample household respondents in the study area was interviewed for the study purpose. The study found that Yeshasvini scheme introduced in Karnataka has helped in reducing out of pocket expenditure considerably

Dalith muslims and affirmative action: An overview

Muslims are one of the main minority communities in India, and are found almost in every nook and corner of India. The available data reveals backwardness among Muslims on many counts. It shows that there has been a serious lack of attention to the condition of the Muslim community by various actors, but more so, by the State in Indian democracy over the last five decades. These facts cannot be ignored by the state, the policy-makers, civil society and the Muslim leadership. The Muslims have lagged behind at all fronts, concerning socio-economic factors both in rural and urban areas because of their unique historical origin. Although the factors responsible can be numerous from within and outside, there is no denying the utter failure of the state in the largest democracy in the world in providing conducive environment for growth and development to its largest minorit

Women empowerment and microfinance: impact on agriculture and allied activities

A large chunk of the SHG members combine several strategies or diversify among the members to meet both physical and survival needs so that the decent standard of living can be ensured. Depending on the availability of their capital assets such as land, labour, savings, etc, the livelihood strategies are adopted by the SHG members to meet their physical and survival needs. The important livelihood strategies adopted by most of the SHG members are related to the agricultural sector such as cultivation of paddy, dairy farming and sale of milk, milk made products, composite. The main objectives of the study is to know the status of Distribution of workers and investment and income received from agriculture related livelihood strategies of women in Agricultural Related Self Employment. The major findings of the study is that Out of 240 SHG women, about 1.67 per cent, were involved in agricultural activities by taking micro credit from both internal and external sources. The share of men in total family labour involved in agricultural activities was not more than 15 per cent. The average micro credit investment in agriculture was much higher in the case of NGO, followed by Cooperative and Government promoted SHGs. Whereas in the case of social groups, it has been observed that the average micro credit invested in agriculture was higher for the SHG members of Other households as compared to that of SCs/STs