Variation of the Chlorophyll a Related to Sea Surface Temperature, Wind and Geostrophic Currents in the Cape Verde Region Using Satellite Data

We present a comparative analysis of satellite derived climatologies in the Cape Verde region (CV). In order to establish chlorophyll a variability, in relation to other oceanographic phenomena, a set of, relatively long (from five to eight years), time series of chlorophyll a, sea surface temperature, wind and geostrophic currents, were ensembled for the Eastern Central Atlantic (ECA). We studied seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton concentration, in relation to the rest of the variables, with a special focus in CV. We compared the situation within the archipelago with those of the surrounding marine environments, such as the North West African Upwelling (NWAU), North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASTG), North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) and Guinea Dome (GD). At the seasonal scale, CV region behaves partly as the surrounding areas, nevertheless, some autochthonous features were also found. The maximum peak of the pigment having a positive correlation with temperature is found at the end of the year for all the points in the archipelago; a less remarkable rise with negative correlation is also detected in February for points CV2 and CV4. This is behavior that none of the surrounding environments have shown. This enrichment was found to be preceded by a drastic drop in wind intensity (SW Monsoon) during summer months. The inter-annual analysis shows a tendency for decreasing of the chlorophyll a concentration.Utilizando séries temporais (entre cinco e oito anos) de dados de satélite a grande escala para a zona de Cabo Verde (CV), faz-se uma análise da variabilidade da clorofila a relacionando-a com outros parâmetros oceanográficos como a temperatura superficial do mar, o vento e as correntes geostróficas. Estuda-se a variabilidade estacional e interanual da concentração do fitoplancton em relação ao resto das variáveis comparando a situação nas águas de Cabo Verde com o ambiente marinho à volta do arquipélago como o Upwelling Nordeste Africano (NWAU), o Giro Subtropical Norte-Atlântico (NASTG), a Contra Corrente Norte-Equatorial (NECC) e o Domo da Guiné (GD). À escala estacional, a zona de Cabo Verde comporta-se como parte das regiões envolventes, no entanto, algumas características autóctonas foram também encontradas. O pico máximo do pigmento mostrando uma correlação positiva com a temperatura foi encontrado no final do ano em todos os pontos eulerianos definidos para o arquipélago; um incremento menos notável, e com uma correlação negativa, também é detectada nos pontos CV2 e CV4. Este comportamento não foi visto em nenhum dos pontos do ambiente circundante ao arquipélago. O enriquecimento no final do ano foi precedido por um drástico decréscimo na intensidade do vento (Monsão do SW) durante os meses de verão. A análise interanual mostra uma tendência para o decréscimo da concentração da clorofila a

Autoregression as a means of assessing the strength of seasonality in a time series

BACKGROUND: The study of the seasonal variation of disease is receiving increasing attention from health researchers. Available statistical tests for seasonality typically indicate the presence or absence of statistically significant seasonality but do not provide a meaningful measure of its strength. METHODS: We propose the coefficient of determination of the autoregressive regression model fitted to the data ([Image: see text]) as a measure for quantifying the strength of the seasonality. The performance of the proposed statistic is assessed through a simulation study and using two data sets known to demonstrate statistically significant seasonality: atrial fibrillation and asthma hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: The simulation results showed the power of the [Image: see text] in adequately quantifying the strength of the seasonality of the simulated observations for all models. In the atrial fibrillation and asthma datasets, while the statistical tests such as Bartlett's Kolmogorov-Smirnov (BKS) and Fisher's Kappa support statistical evidence of seasonality for both, the [Image: see text] quantifies the strength of that seasonality. Corroborating the visual evidence that asthma is more conspicuously seasonal than atrial fibrillation, the calculated [Image: see text] for atrial fibrillation indicates a weak to moderate seasonality ([Image: see text] = 0.44, 0.28 and 0.45 for both genders, males and females respectively), whereas for asthma, it indicates a strong seasonality ([Image: see text] = 0.82, 0.78 and 0.82 for both genders, male and female respectively). CONCLUSIONS: For the purposes of health services research, evidence of the statistical presence of seasonality is insufficient to determine the etiologic, clinical and policy relevance of findings. Measurement of the strength of the seasonal effect, as can be determined using the [Image: see text] technique, is also important in order to provide a robust sense of seasonality

Physiological responses in a simulated canarian wrestling contest

La Lucha Canaria (LC) ha sido recientemente reconocida como deporte por el Consejo Superior de Deportes, aunque su origen se pierde en el tiempo. Sin embargo, no hay ningún trabajo en la bibliografía científica que describa qué ocurre fisiológicamente durante la competición en esta modalidad de lucha, y éste es el objetivo del presente trabajo. Con una muestra de 12 luchadores de alto nivel (puntales) simulamos el sistema de competición actual en Lucha Canaria. Se estudió la frecuencia cardiaca, la tensión arterial y la concentración de lactato en sangre en diferentes momentos de la simulación. Los patrones observados de respuesta de FC, TA y lactato, caracterizan a la competición en LC como un ejercicio intermitente, con picos de intensidad que superan el umbral láctico y determinan incrementos importantes de FC y TA sistólica. Este estudio es el primero en que se valora la respuesta fisiológica del luchador canario en competición.The aim of this article is to describe what happens from a physiological point of view in a Canarian Wrestling (CW) contest. The Spanish National Sports Council recognized Canarian Wrestling as a sport on June 1st, 2009, although its origin is not very well documented. No scientific article exists in the scientific literature to describe what happens physiologically during a CW contest. Twelve high level wrestlers were recruited to simulate a CW match. The study involved data about heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and blood lactate levels (L) at different moments of the combat. The conclusions of the data observed concerning HR, BP and L classify Canarian Wrestling as an intermittent exercise, with intensity peaks that exceed the lactic threshold and high levels of HR and systolic BP. This is the first paper in which the physiological responses in a Canarian Wrestling competition are reported

Poisson-Jacobi reduction of homogeneous tensors

The notion of homogeneous tensors is discussed. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between multivector fields on a manifold $M$, homogeneous with respect to a vector field $\Delta$ on $M$, and first-order polydifferential operators on a closed submanifold $N$ of codimension 1 such that $\Delta$ is transversal to $N$. This correspondence relates the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket of multivector fields on $M$ to the Schouten-Jacobi bracket of first-order polydifferential operators on $N$ and generalizes the Poissonization of Jacobi manifolds. Actually, it can be viewed as a super-Poissonization. This procedure of passing from a homogeneous multivector field to a first-order polydifferential operator can be also understood as a sort of reduction; in the standard case -- a half of a Poisson reduction. A dual version of the above correspondence yields in particular the correspondence between $\Delta$-homogeneous symplectic structures on $M$ and contact structures on $N$.Comment: 19 pages, minor corrections, final version to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge

A bioethical framework and reasoning on antibiotic use in palliative care: a systematic review

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How to optimize informed consent in patients with dementia? A qualitative study on palliative care professionals’ views

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Time-dependent Mechanics and Lagrangian submanifolds of Dirac manifolds

A description of time-dependent Mechanics in terms of Lagrangian submanifolds of Dirac manifolds (in particular, presymplectic and Poisson manifolds) is presented. Two new Tulczyjew triples are discussed. The first one is adapted to the restricted Hamiltonian formalism and the second one is adapted to the extended Hamiltonian formalism

On the Hamilton-Jacobi Theory for Singular Lagrangian Systems

We develop a Hamilton-Jacobi theory for singular lagrangian systems using the Gotay-Nester-Hinds constraint algorithm. The procedure works even if the system has secondary constraints.Comment: 36 page