NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Correlation Of Cephalometric And Anthropometric Measures With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) often have associated changes in craniofacial morphology and distribution of body fat, either alone or in combination. Aim: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with OSAHS severity by using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Method: A retrospective cephalometry study of 93 patients with OSAHS was conducted from July 2010 to July 2012. The following measurements were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), the angles formed by the cranial base and the maxilla (SNA) and the mandible (SNB), the difference between SNA and SNB (ANB), the distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone (MP-H), the space between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall (PAS), and the distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the uvula (PNS-P). Means, standard deviations, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated and analyzed. Results: AHI correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.207, p = 0.047), NC (r = 0.365, p = 0.000), WC (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), PNS-P (r = 0.282, p = 0.006), and MP-H (r = 0.235, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements (BMI, NC, and WC) and cephalometric measurements (MP-H and PNS-P) can be used as predictors of OSAHS severity.173321328Force, A.A.O.S.M.T., Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: Recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research (1999) Sleep, 22 (5), pp. 667-689Racionero Casero, M.A., Garcia Rio, F., Pino Garcia, J.M., Prados Sanchez, C., Diaz Lobato, S., Villamor Leon, J., The sleep apnea syndrome as a health problem. An estimation of its prevalence and morbimortality (1999) An Med Interna, 16 (2), pp. 97-102Barthel, S.W., Strome, M., Snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, and surgery (1999) Med Clin North Am., 83 (1), pp. 85-96Pieters, T., Rodenstein, D.O., Therapeutic options in obstructive sleep apnoea: Have we made enough progress? (2001) Sleep Medicine Reviews, 5 (1), pp. 3-6Kapur, V., Blough, D.K., Sandblom, R.E., Hert, R., De Maine, J.B., Sullivan, S.D., The medical cost of undiagnosed sleep apnea (1999) Sleep, 22 (6), pp. 749-755Lindberg, E., Gislason, T., Epidemiology of sleep-related obstructive breathing (2000) Sleep Medicine Reviews, 4 (5), pp. 411-433Powell, N.B., Riley, R.W., Robinson, A., Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (1998) Clin Chest Med., 19 (1), pp. 77-86Riley, R., Guilleminault, C., Herran, J., Powell, N., Cephalometric analyses and flow-volume loops in obstructive sleep apnea patients (1983) Sleep, 6 (4), pp. 303-311Olszewska, E., Sieskiewicz, A., Rozycki, J., Rogalewski, M., Tarasow, E., Rogowski, M., A comparison of cephalometric analysis using radiographs and craniofacial computed tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Preliminary report (2009) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol., 266, pp. 535-542Julià-Serdà, G., Pérez-Peñate, G., Saavedra-Santana, P., Ponce-González, M., Valencia-Gallardo, J.M., Rodríguez-Delgado, R., Usefulness of cephalometry in sparing polysomnography of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (2006) Sleep Breath., 10 (4), pp. 181-187Bharadwaj, R., Ravikumar, A., Krishnaswamy, N.R., Evaluation of craniofacial morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnea using lateral cephalometry and dynamic MRI (2011) Indian J Dent Res., 22 (6), pp. 739-748Alvarez, C.M., Lessin, M.E., Gross, P.D., Mandibular advancement combined with horizontal advancement genioplasty for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in an edentulous patient. A case report (1987) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol., 64 (4), pp. 402-406Guilleminault, C., Riley, R., Powell, N., Obstructive sleep apnea and abnormal cephalometric measurements. Implications for treatment (1984) Chest, 86 (5), pp. 793-794Safaya, A., Suri, J.C., The protocol for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (1998) IJO & HNS, 50 (1), pp. 46-51Akpinar, M.E., Celikoyar, M.M., Altundag, A., Kocak, I., The comparison of cephalometric characteristics in nonobese obstructive sleep apnea subjects and primary snorers cephalometric measures in nonobese OSA and primary snorers (2011) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol., 268 (7), pp. 1053-1059Rose, E., Lehner, M., Staats, R., Jonas, I.E., Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (2002) J Orofac Orthop., 63 (4), pp. 315-324Ogretmenoglu, O., Suslu, A.E., Yucel, O.T., Onerci, T.M., Sahin, A., Body fat composition: A predictive factor for obstructive sleep apnea (2005) Laryngoscope., 115 (8), pp. 1493-1498Davies, R.J., Ali, N.J., Stradling, J.R., Neck circumference and other clinical features in the diagnosis of the obstructive syndrome (1992) Thorax., 47, pp. 101-105Pinto, J.A., Godoy, L.B.M., Marquis, V.W.P.B., Sonego, T.B., Leal, C.F.A., Ártico, M.S., Anthropometric data as predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity (2011) Braz J Otorhinolaryngol., 77 (4), pp. 516-521Ferguson, K.A., Ono, T., Lowe, A.A., Ryan, C.F., Fleetham, J.A., The relationship between obesity and craniofacial structure in obstructive sleep apnea (1995) Chest, 108 (2), pp. 375-381Schafer, H., Pauleit, D., Sudhop, T., Gouni-Berthold, I., Ewig, S., Berthold, H.K., Body fat distribution, serum leptin, and cardiovascular risk factors in men with obstructive sleep apnea (2002) Chest, 122 (3), pp. 829-839Montoya, F.S., Bedialauneta, J.R.I., Larracoechea, U.A., Ibarguen, A.M., Del Rey, A.S., Fernandez, J.M.S., The predictive value of clinical and epidemiological parameters in the identification of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA): A clinical prediction algorithm in the evaluation of OSA (2007) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol., 264 (6), pp. 637-643Dixon, J.B., Schachter, L.M., O'Brien, P.E., Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: Indicators for polysomnography (2003) Chest, 123, pp. 1134-1141Martinez-Rivera, C., Abad, J., Fiz, J.A., Rios, J., Morera, J., Usefulness of truncal obesity indices as predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2008) Obesity (Silver Spring)., 16 (1), pp. 113-118Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic (2000) Report of A WHO Consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 894, pp. i-xii. , WHO. 1-253Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry (1995) Report of A WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 854, pp. 1-452. , WHORedline, S., Tishler, P.V., The genetics of sleep apnea (2000) Sleep Med Rev., 4 (6), pp. 583-602Bacon, W.H., Turlot, J.C., Krieger, J., Stierle, J.L., Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal obstructive factors in patients with sleep apneas syndrome (1990) Angle Orthod., 60 (2), pp. 115-122Maltais, F., Carrier, G., Cormier, Y., Sériès, F., Cephalometric measurements in snorers, non-snorers, and patients with sleep apnoea (1991) Thorax., 46, pp. 419-423Barvaux, V.A., Aubert, G., Rodenstein, D.O., Weight loss as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (2000) Sleep Medicine Reviews., 4 (5), pp. 435-452Sharma, S.K., Malik, V., Vasudev, C., Banga, A., Mohan, A., Handa, K.K., Prediction of obstructive sleep apnea in patients presenting to a tertiary care center (2006) Sleep Breath., 10 (3), pp. 147-154Davidson, T.M., Patel, M.R., Waist circumference and sleep disordered breathing (2008) Laryngoscope, 118 (2), pp. 339-347Doghramji, K., Jabourian, Z.H., Pilla, M., Farole, A., Lindholm, R.N., Predictors of outcome for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (1995) Laryngoscope, 105 (3 PART 1), pp. 311-314Series, F., St Pierre, S., Carrier, G., Surgical correction of nasal obstruction in the treatment of mild sleep apnoea: Importance of cephalometry in predicting outcome (1993) Thorax., 48 (4), pp. 360-363Woodson, B.T., Structural effectiveness of pharyngeal sleep apnea surgery (2008) Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12 (6), pp. 463-479Hora, F., Napolis, L.M., Daltro, C., Kodaira, S.K., Tufik, S., Togeiro, S.M., Clinical, anthropometric and upper airway anatomic characteristics of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2007) Respiration, 74 (5), pp. 517-524Schellenberg, J.B., Maislin, G., Schwab, R.J., Physical findings and risk for obstructive sleep apnea. The importance of oropharyngeal structures (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 162, pp. 740-748Onat, A., Hergenc, G., Yuksel, H., Can, G., Ayhan, E., Kaya, Z., Neck circumference as a measure of central obesity: Associations with metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome beyond waist circumference (2009) Clin Nutr., 28 (1), pp. 46-51. , Epub 2008/11/18Hoffstein, V., Mateika, S., Differences in abdominal and neck circumferences in patients with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (1992) Eur Respir J., 5 (4), pp. 377-381Partinen, M., Guilleminault, C., Quera-Salva, M., Jamieson, A., Obstructive sleep apnea and cephalometric roentgenograms. The role of anatomic upper airway abnormalities in the definition of abnormal breathing during sleep (1988) Chest, 93 (6), pp. 1199-1205Yucel, A., Unlu, M., Haktanir, A., Acar, M., Fidan, F., Evaluation of the upper airway cross-sectional area changes in different degrees of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Cephalometric and dynamic CT study (2005) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol., 26 (10), pp. 2624-2629Mayer, P., Pépin, J.L., Bettega, G., Veale, D., Ferretti, G., Deschaux, C., Relationship between body mass index, age and upper airway measurements in snorers and sleep apnoea patients (1996) Eur Respir J., 9 (9), pp. 1801-1809Davies, R., Stradling, The relationship between neck circumference, radiographic pharyngeal anatomy, and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (1990) Eur Respir J., 3 (5), pp. 509-514Katz, I., Stradling, J., Sljutsky, A.S., Zamel, N., Hoffstein, V., Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis., 141 (5 PART 1), pp. 1228-1231Young, T., Peppard, P.E., Taheri, S., Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing (2005) J Appl Physiol., 99, pp. 1592-1599Julia-Serda, G., Perez-Penate, G., Saavedra-Santana, P., Ponce-Gonzalez, M., Valencia-Gallardo, J.M., Rodriguez-Delgado, R., Usefulness of cephalometry in sparing polysomnography of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (2006) Sleep Breath., 10 (4), pp. 181-187Katz, I., Stradling, J., Slutsky, A.S., Zamel, N., Hoffstein, V., Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? (1990) The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141 (5 PART 1), pp. 1228-1231De Tarso Moura Borges, P., Paschoal, J.R., Initial indication of treatment in 60 patients with sleep obstructive ventilatory disturbance (2005) Braz J Otorhinolaryngol., 71 (6), pp. 740-746Millman, R.P., Carlisle, C.C., Eveloff, S.E., McGarvey, S.T., Levinson, P.D., Body fat distribution and sleep apnea severity in women (1995) Chest, 107 (2), pp. 362-36

Indicação inicial de tratamento em 60 pacientes com distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos do sono Initial indication of treatment in 60 patients with sleep obstructive ventilatory disturbance

OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 60 pacientes portadores de distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos do sono (DVOS), atendidos no Centro Campinas de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço num período de três anos. Todos os pacientes foram examinados segundo protocolo padronizado e as decisões quanto à primeira conduta terapêutica resultaram de discussão conjunta multidisciplinar sistemática. FORMA DE ESTUDO: clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos segundo a proposta de tratamento não-cirúrgico e cirúrgico. Em seguida, foram estudados quanto à modalidade inicial de tratamentos propostos e os principais achados propedêuticos: índice de distúrbio respiratório (IDR), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), análise cefalométrica e manobra de Müller. Os principais achados propedêuticos foram comparados, isoladamente ou em associações com a modalidade de tratamento proposto. CONCLUSÃO: As principais conclusões mostram que nas roncopatias, a indicação de tratamento não-cirúrgico e cirúrgico se fez na mesma proporção; a indicação de tratamento cirúrgico prevaleceu na Síndrome da Apnéia-Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS), independente de sua modalidade; o IDR, o IMC e a manobra de Müller não tiveram influência na indicação de qualquer modalidade terapêutica; a decisão terapêutica decorreu de estudo propedêutico sistematizado e da atuação multidisciplinar, havendo cada caso sido discutido individualmente.<br>AIM: The author present a retrospective descriptive study of 60 patients with sleep obstructive ventilatory disturbance who have taken medical advice at the Centro Campinas de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço during a period of three years. All the patients have been examined after standardized protocol and decisions related to the treatment have been taken after systematic multidisciplinary discussion. STUDY DESIGN: clinical retrospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The patients were distributed into two groups according to the proposal of surgical and non-surgical treatment. After so, they were studied according to the model of treatment proposed and the main propaedeutic findings: respiratory disturbance index (RDI), body mass index (BMI), cephalometric analysis and Müller maneuver. The main features were compared - isolated or in association - with the model of treatment proposed. CONCLUSION: Amongst several conclusions obtained, the most important were: surgical and non-surgical treatment were indicated almost in the same proportion for of snoring; surgical treatments were most indicated for snoring and Apnoea-Hipopnoea Syndrome, despite of its modality; RDI, BMI and cephalometric analysis and Müller maneuver had no influence at any therapeutic modality; the therapeutic decision was taken after standardized protocol and systematic multidisciplinary discussion, where each case was discussed individually

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data