10 Year Cardiovascular Risk assessment In university students

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes more than half of all deaths in the European region, and according to WHO, 80% of premature heart disease and stroke is preventable. Healthy lifestyles, such as eating a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and not smoking are the most important preventive measures. Use of CVD risk assessment tools in a young population provides necessary information about risk for CVD which can be used to develop health promotion initiatives for youth. Methods The aim of the study was to compare, BMI, percent body fat (%BF), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), family history, activity behaviors, and the 10 year risk of having a heart attack between 166 students (21.62±2.59 yrs.) from Utah, USA and 198 students (22.11±2.51 yrs.) from Hungary. The body dimensions were measured according to ISAC methods (Norton et al.1996) the %BF was meas- ured with Omron BF 306 and the 10 year CVD risk was calculated online (http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/atpiii/calculator). Results According to the results, 92% of the Hungarian students and 100%of the Utah students had an estimated 10 year risk of 1% or less, however 8% of the Hungarians had moderate risk. The high prevalence of low risk was due to the young age of subjects, healthy body composition and non smoking behavior. The Hungarians who had higher risk of heart attack had significantly higher waist hip ratio (WHR), TC, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and were smokers compared to the Hungarians with low risk. Four percent of the Utah students and 3% of the Hungarian students had positive cardiovascular family history. Based on self-reported levels of physical activity, 19% of Utah women and 14% of Utah men were sedentary compared to 50% of Hungarian women and 46% of Hungarian men. Conclusion Age is one of the primary risk factors for CVD. Young men and women who participated in this study were, for the most part healthy and had a low risk for CVD. Never- theless, our data shows that even young men and women who are sedentary, smoke, and have high WHR, TC, and DBP have increased risk of CVD. Although, symptoms of CVD may not be manifest until later in life, health promotion efforts should also be targeted to young men and women

Ten-year cardiovascular risk assessment in university students

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for more than half of all deaths in the European region. The aim of the study was to compare body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), family history, activity behaviors, and the 10-year risk of having a heart attack between 166 university students (21.62 - 2.59 yrs) from Utah (USA) and 198 students (22.11 - 2.51 yrs) from Hungary. Ninety-two percent of the Hungarian students and 100% of the Utah students had an estimated 10-year Framingham risk score of 1% or less. The high prevalence of low risk was primarily due to the young age of study participants, healthy body composition and non-smoking behavior. Hungarians who had higher 10-year risk of heart attack had significantly higher waist hip ratio (WHR), TC, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and were smokers compared to those Hungarians with lower risk. The self-reported physical activity levels between the two groups of students were not different. In conclusion the young men and women who participated in this study were, for the most part healthy; however the smoking habits and the lower physical activity of the Hungarian students likely elevated their risk of CVD.Scopu

Anthropometry and body composition in ethnic Japanese and Caucasian adolescent girls: Considerations on ethnicity and menarche

Objective: This study aimed to compare the various anthropometric and body composition parameters based on the ethnicity and the absence or presence of menarche.Design: A cross-sectional study with incomplete sampling, using the subject as the evaluation unit.Subjects: the final sample of 550 subjects was composed of 122 Japanese and 179 Caucasian premenarcheal adolescents, and 72 Japanese and 177 Caucasian postmenarcheal adolescents.Methods: the variables of body composition were measured through the following methods: bioelectrical impedance analysis, near-infrared interactance (NIR), Slaughter cutaneous skinfold equations and body mass index. Weight, height and sitting height were also evaluated.Results: the Japanese pre- and postmenarcheal girls presented lower weight and height values when compared with the Caucasian girls. in general, the Japanese premenarcheal girls presented less fat and fat-free mass than the premenarcheal Caucasian girls. This fact was demonstrated through NIR results. Conversely, the Japanese postmenarcheal adolescents accumulated more fat than their Caucasian counterparts. However, significant differences were solely encountered in the values of cutaneous skinfold percent body fat. With regard to menarche, it was verified that, regardless of ethnicity, all the anthropometric and body composition variables reached higher values among postmenarcheal adolescents when compared with premenarcheal adolescents.Conclusion: Different results of weight and height between the ethnic groups may bring back the discussion concerning separate growth curves for different ethnic groups. the results of the body composition analysis indicated high adiposity levels among postmenarcheal adolescents.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Postgrad Nutr, BR-04020060 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Prevent Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Postgrad Nutr, BR-04020060 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Prevent Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Control of the Melon Aphid on Chrysanthemum Under Glasshouse Conditions, 1988

Abstract Rooted chrysanthemum cuttings were potted (1/pot, 6 inch dia) 3 wk prior to use. Plants were exposed to an infestation of aphids (Aphis gossypii) in the greenhouse. Four wk post-exposure, pre-treatment counts of aphids were made. Plants were separated into 5 treatments and a control and isolated on a separate raised bench within the greenhouse. Treatments were applied to 10 plants/treatment by a hand sprayer at approximately 45-60 psi. Counts of live aphids were made 4, 10, and 15 days posttreatment on both leaves and terminal (undifferentiated leaves) portions of the mums.</jats:p

Control of the Melon Aphid on Chrysanthemum Under Glasshouse Conditions, Spring 1988

Abstract Rooted chrysanthemum cuttings were potted (1/pot, 6 inch dia) 3 wk prior to use. Plants were exposed to an infestation of aphids (Aphis gossypii) in the greenhouse. Four weeks post-exposure, pre-treatment counts of aphids were made. Plants were separated into 6 treatments and a control and isolated on a separate raised bench within the greenhouse. Treatments were applied to 4 plants/treatment by a hand sprayer at approximately 45-60 psi. Counts of live aphids were made 5, 10, and 15 DAT on both leaves and terminal (undifferentiated leaves) portions of the mums.</jats:p

Skill Evaluation in Women's Volleyball

The Brigham Young University Women's Volleyball Team recorded and rated all skills (pass, set, attack, etc.) and recorded rally outcomes (point for BYU, rally continues, point for opponent) for the entire 2006 home volleyball season. Only sequences of events occurring on BYU's side of the net were considered. Events followed one of these general patterns: serve-outcome, pass-set-attack-outcome, or block-dig-set-attack-outcome. These sequences of events were assumed to be first-order Markov chains where the quality of each contact depended only on the quality of the previous contact but not explicitly on contacts further removed in the sequence. We represented these sequences in an extensive matrix of transition probabilities where the elements of the matrix were the probabilities of moving from one state to another. Each row of the count matrix, consisting of the number of times play moved from one transition state to another during the season, was assumed to have a multinomial distribution. A Dirichlet prior was formulated for each row, so posterior estimates of the transition probabilities were then available using Gibbs sampling. The different paths in the transition probability matrix were followed through the possible sequences of events at each step of the MCMC process to compute the posterior probability density that a perfect pass results in a point, a perfect set results in a point, etc. These posterior probability densities are used to address questions about skill performance in BYU Women's Volleyball.