The inclusion of fresh forage in the lactating buffalo diet affects fatty acid and sensory profile of mozzarella cheese

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion of fresh forage in diet for lactating buffalo on properties of mozzarella cheese under intensive farming conditions. Thirty-two buffalo cows were equally allotted into 2 groups fed diets with (fresh group, FRS) or without (control group, CTL) fresh sorghum. The study consisted of 2 trials. In the first one, animals from group FRS were fed a diet containing 10 kg of fresh sorghum (10-FRS diet) that was doubled to 20 kg (20-FRS diet) in the second trial. All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, and fresh forage accounted for 13.4 and 26.5 of dietary dry matter, respectively, for the 10-FRS and 20-FRS diet. In each trial, milk from the 2 groups was used to produce 3 batches/diet of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana Protected Designation of Origin cheese. Milk yield and composition were not influenced by dietary treatment. The use of 10-FRS diet did not affect any properties of mozzarella. As the inclusion rate of fresh sorghum doubled to 20 kg, an increment of unsaturated fatty acid percentages and a lowering of short-chain and saturated fatty acids were observed. Moreover, the sensory characteristics of mozzarella were modified, although no effects were observed on consumer acceptance. We conclude that the use of green fodder can represent a low-cost feeding strategy to improve the healthiness of buffalo mozzarella under intensive farming conditions with no detrimental effect on consumer blind acceptance

High fidelity progressive reinforcement learning for agile maneuvering UAVs

In this work, we present a high fidelity model based progressive reinforcement learning method for control system design for an agile maneuvering UAV. Our work relies on a simulation-based training and testing environment for doing software-in-the-loop (SIL), hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and integrated flight testing within photo-realistic virtual reality (VR) environment. Through progressive learning with the high fidelity agent and environment models, the guidance and control policies build agile maneuvering based on fundamental control laws. First, we provide insight on development of high fidelity mathematical models using frequency domain system identification. These models are later used to design reinforcement learning based adaptive flight control laws allowing the vehicle to be controlled over a wide range of operating conditions covering model changes on operating conditions such as payload, voltage and damage to actuators and electronic speed controllers (ESCs). We later design outer flight guidance and control laws. Our current work and progress is summarized in this work

Wall-Resolved Large Eddy Simulations of Transonic Shock-Induced Flow Separation

This paper reports the wall-resolved large eddy simulations of shock-induced boundary layer separation over an axisymmetric bump for a flow Mach number of 0.875 and a chord-based Reynolds number of 2.763 million. The incoming boundary layer has a momentum-thickness Reynolds number of 6600 at one and a half chord lengths upstream of the leading edge. The calculations simulate the experiment by Bachalo and Johnson (AIAA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1986), except that the tunnel walls are ignored and the simulations are performed assuming free air with as many as 24 billion grid points. The effects of domain span, grid resolution and time step on the predictions are examined. The results are found to show some sensitivity to the studied parameters. Owing to the outer boundary conditions, the predicted surface pressure distribution as well as the flow separation and reattachment locations tend to agree better with the experimental results from the larger (6 6 ft) tunnel than those from the smaller (2 2 ft) tunnel. The predicted Reynolds shear stress profiles in the separated region differ by as much as 31%from the experimental results that were only obtained in the smaller tunnel. The most accurate surface pressure distribution obtained in this study lies within the scatter of the measurements taken in the two facilities

Security analysis for temporal role based access control

Providing restrictive and secure access to resources is a challenging and socially important problem. Among the many formal security models, Role Based Access Control (RBAC) has become the norm in many of today's organizations for enforcing security. For every model, it is necessary to analyze and prove that the corresponding system is secure. Such analysis helps understand the implications of security policies and helps organizations gain confidence on the control they have on resources while providing access, and devise and maintain policies.In this paper, we consider security analysis for the Temporal RBAC (TRBAC), one of the extensions of RBAC. The TRBAC considered in this paper allows temporal restrictions on roles themselves, user-permission assignments (UA), permission-role assignments (PA), as well as role hierarchies (RH). Towards this end, we first propose a suitable administrative model that governs changes to temporal policies. Then we propose our security analysis strategy, that essentially decomposes the temporal security analysis problem into smaller and more manageable RBAC security analysis sub-problems for which the existing RBAC security analysis tools can be employed. We then evaluate them from a practical perspective by evaluating their performance using simulated data sets

Conservation value of the native Hungarian wild grape (Vitis sylvestris Gmel.) evaluated by microsatellite markers

Wild grape (Vitis sylvestris GMEL.) has became a highly threatened species in Europe because of habitat loss, competition with alien grape species and intensive forest exploitation. Twenty-three Vitis spp. samples were analysed at 8 microsatellite loci to estimate the genetic diversity of the natural Vitis sylvestris specimens. In order to analyse the morphological traits and to perform molecular analysis, 11 native individuals were sampled from 6 remnant Hungarian habitats of the wild grape. To compare the genetic relationships among the wild specimens, samples from Turkish habitats, as well as cultivars of Vitis vinifera, Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia were also included. Genetic diversity was higher within the Hungarian wild grape locations, with a mean of He = 0.74, which was higher that of samples originating from a larger area of Turkey, He = 0.69. Most of the Hungarian samples formed a well-defined, separate branch on the NJ tree. Based on the morphological traits and molecular analysis on the territory of Szentendre Island, formerly considered to be one of the largest native locations of wild grape, interspecific hybrids of Vitis sylvestris and Vitis riparia were identified. It can be concluded from the results that most of the Hungarian habitats studied could be valuable for the conservation. This paper reports on Hungarian Vitis sylvestris habitats, providing the first genetic study on diversity and on the relationship of Vitis sylvestris to other Vitis specimens, wild or cultivated, in the central part of the Carpathian Basin

In Vitro Micropropagation of Vitis Vinifera L. in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

This investigation was carried out at plant biotechnology laboratories of Scientific Research Center in Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, during the period from April 2013 to January 2014. The objectives of the study were to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators in micropropagation on two local cultivars of grapes Vitis vinifera L. The most effective explant disinfestations were obtained by using NaOCl in a ratio of 1:1 water for 10 min which was very effective in reducing contamination in the established cultures resulting in a higher percentage of contaminations free cultures. At initiation stage, the highest initiation rate was achieved by using specific concentrations of BA on basal MS media. At multiplication stage, BA alone and BA combined with GA3 which was showed different responses in the measured parameters. At rooting formation stage two auxins were tested including IAA and NAA to estimate their ability for root formation. The in vitro propagated of grape plantlets were gradually transferred in successful way from lab. To field conditions, which didn’t showed any morphological abnormalitie

Hay or silage? How the forage preservation method changes the volatile compounds and sensory properties of Caciocavallo cheese.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the forage preservation method (silage vs. hay) on volatile compounds and sensory properties of a traditional Caciocavallo cheese during ripening. A brown-midrib sudangrass hybrid was cultivated on a 7-ha field and at harvesting it was half ensiled in plastic silo bags and half dried to hay. Forty-four lactating cows were equally allotted into 2 groups fed a isonitrogenous and isoenergetic total mixed ration containing as the sole forage either sorghum hay (H group) or sorghum silage (S group). Milk from the 2 groups was used to produce 3 batches/diet of Caciocavallo ripened for 30, 60, and 90 d. Milk yield and composition as well as cheese chemical and fatty acid composition were not markedly affected by the diet treatment and ripening time. By contrast, ripening induced increased levels of the appearance attribute "yellowness," along with the "overall flavor," the odor/flavor attributes "butter" and "hay," the "salty," "bitter," and "umami" tastes, and the texture attribute "oiliness," whereas the appearance attribute "uniformity" and the texture attribute "elasticity" were reduced. The silage-based diet induced higher perceived intensities of several attributes such as "yellowness"; "overall flavor"; "butter"; "grass" and "hay" odor/flavors; "salty," "bitter," and "umami" tastes; and "tenderness" and "oiliness" textures. In S cheese we also observed higher amounts of ketones and fatty acids. Conversely, H cheese showed the terpene α-pinene, which was not detected in S cheese, and a higher intensity of the appearance attribute "uniformity." These differences allowed the trained panel to discriminate the products, determined an increased consumer liking for 90-d ripened cheese, and tended to increase consumer liking for hay cheese

Epidemiology and Outcome of Fungemia in a Cancer Cohort of the Infectious Diseases Group (IDG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC 65031)

In a prospective cohort study of 145 030 admissions of cancer patients from 13 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer centers fungemia occurred in 0.23%. Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen. Fungemia was associated with substantial mortality. Antifungal prophylaxis and remission of cancer predicted better surviva

Measurement and physical interpretation of the mean motion of turbulent density patterns detected by the BES system on MAST

The mean motion of turbulent patterns detected by a two-dimensional (2D) beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) is determined using a cross-correlation time delay (CCTD) method. Statistical reliability of the method is studied by means of synthetic data analysis. The experimental measurements on MAST indicate that the apparent mean poloidal motion of the turbulent density patterns in the lab frame arises because the longest correlation direction of the patterns (parallel to the local background magnetic fields) is not parallel to the direction of the fastest mean plasma flows (usually toroidal when strong neutral beam injection is present). The experimental measurements are consistent with the mean motion of plasma being toroidal. The sum of all other contributions (mean poloidal plasma flow, phase velocity of the density patterns in the plasma frame, non-linear effects, etc.) to the apparent mean poloidal velocity of the density patterns is found to be negligible. These results hold in all investigated L-mode, H-mode and internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. The one exception is a high-poloidal-beta (the ratio of the plasma pressure to the poloidal magnetic field energy density) discharge, where a large magnetic island exists. In this case BES detects very little motion. This effect is currently theoretically unexplained.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PPC