An evaluation of knowledge, attitude and perception about adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance among intern doctors in a medical college teaching hospital of Sangli

Background: Underreporting of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by consultants is a common incurable problem. National pharmacovigilance program is one of the ongoing programs to monitor the adverse drug reactions & reporting at the earliest to the nearby AMCs. As medical interns are budding doctors, the focus of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception about ADRs and pharmacovigilance in them.Methods: A cross section questionnaire-based study was conducted after approval by our institutional ethics committee pretested and validated questions consisting of 20 questions (knowledge, attitude, perception) were administrated to medical interns. The filled questionnaires were collected and analysed.Results: In our study, medical interns have fair enough idea about ADR and pharmacovigilance. In knowledge domain they were aware of term ADRs (100%), pharmacovigilance (72.6%). In attitude domain majority of interns (80.6%) known availability of ADR forms, compulsory of pharmacovigilance unit (90.3%). In perception domain very poor response from interns, not even a single intern had reported any ADR filled form and they don’t know meaning of re-challenge and de-challenge, very few interns (9.7%) know how to manage the ADRs in emergency conditions.Conclusions: Under reporting problem can be improved by doing more teaching activities at undergraduate level and intern’s level including various workshops, CMEs, problem-based teaching of adverse reactions in their curriculum. These exercises will improve their reporting frequency and sensitize the interns from the undergraduate days itself in their upcoming clinical practice in community

Techniques for Detection and Measurement of Tartrazine in Food Products 2008 To 2022: A Review

Tartrazine is one of the most commonly used food colourants. It is a synthetic lemon-yellow dye belonging to the azo group. The Acceptable Daily Intake of tartrazine according to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives [JECFA] and the EU Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) is 7.5mg/kg/body weight. However, excessive usage of tartrazine in humans has been shown to have a number of adverse health effects. The detection and estimation of tartrazine is of paramount importance due to its potential impact on consumer health and safety. Chromatographic techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), have emerged as robust tools for tartrazine detection. Furthermore, recent advancements in hyphenated techniques HPLC-MS, enhance detection sensitivity and specificity. This abstract outlines the methodologies involving chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques for the sensitive and accurate analysis of tartrazine in various consumables. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques offer diverse and complementary approaches for accurate tartrazine analysis, catering to the increasing demand for regulatory compliance and consumer well-being. As technology continues to evolve, these methods are poised to play an essential role in maintaining the integrity of food and beverage products

ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF XANTHENE FOOD DYE ERYTHROSINE AT GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE AND ITS ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS

Erythrosine is a xanthene food dye used in the food industries to enhance the appearance of the food. The electrochemical behavior of erythrosine at glassy carbon electrode was investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The oxidation peak of erythrosine was observed in phosphate buffer of pH 5.0. The influence of different pH, scan rate and concentration were evaluated. The probable reaction mechanism involved in the oxidation of erythrosine was also proposed. Differential pulse voltammetric method with good precision and accuracy was developed for the determination of erythrosine dye in real samples. The peak currents were found to be linearly dependent on the concentration range of 1 x 10-5 to 6 x 10-4 M. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were noticed to be 1.9 x 10-7 and 6.6 x 10-7 M respectively

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF AN ANTI-CANCER DRUG PEMETREXED DISODIUM

Abstract-The electrochemical oxidation of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium has been investigated at glassy carbon electrode using voltammetric techniques. The dependence of current on potential, pH, concentrartion, scan rate, and excipients were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions. According to the liner relation between peak potential, peak current, scan rate and Pemetrexed disodium concentration, differential pulse voltammetric method for the quantitative determination in phosphate Buffer solution was developed. The linear response was obtained in the range of 10 µM to 0.75 µM with a detection limit of 0.19 µM. The electrochemical oxidation of mechanism of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium was proposed. Keywords- Pemetrexed disodium, Cyclic Voltammetry, Electochemical Studies, Glassy carbon electrod

Development and Validation of UV Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Quercetin

Introduction: Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid chemical that is found in many different plant species and has a range of pharmacological properties. Among flavonoids, quercetin is the most common, having three rings and five hydroxyl groups. Objectives: The objective of this work is to validate a suggested methodology for quercetin in its purified form and to provide a simple UV visible spectrophotometric technique for measurement. Additionally, the investigation aims to utilize an UV visible twin beam spectrophotometer to measure pharmaceutical formulations at maximum absorption 370 nm. Methods: The study focused on generating a specific, linear, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of quercetin. Statistical validation followed International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) specifications. The method\u27s parameters were assessed within a concentration range of 0.2-1 µg/ml, with recovery rates specifying accuracy and low % relative standard deviation (RSD) values confirming precision. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for quercetin were determined. Results: A coefficient of correlation of 0.9995 was discovered in accordance with Beer\u27s law. After determining the technique\u27s sensitivity, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 0.043µg/ml and 1.303µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The developed UV spectrophotometric method proved suitable for the quantitative estimation of quercetin, offering rapid and accurate analysis. The results underscore the method\u27s linearity, accuracy, robustness, LOD, LOQ, area under the curve and precision within the specified concentration range

Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride, Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride from Tablet Formulation

A new, simple, precise, rapid, selective and stability indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, trifluoperazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride from combined tablet formulation. The method is based on reverse-phase using C-18 (250×4.6) mm, 5 μm particle size column. The separation is achieved using isocratic elution by methanol and ammonium acetate buffer (1% w/v, pH 6.5) in the ratio of 85:15 v/v, pumped at flow rate 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 215 nm. The column is maintained at 30 °C through out the analysis. This method gives baseline resolution. The total run time is 15 min. Stability indicating capability is established buy forced degradation experiment. The method is validated for specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity as per International conference of harmonisation (ICH). The method is accurate and linear for quantification of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, trifluoperazine hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine hydrochloride between 5 - 15 μg/mL, 12.5- 37.5 μg/mL and 62.5 - 187.5 μg/mL respectively

“Evaluation of Quality Standards of Poly-Herbal Ayurvedic Compound (Kalingadi Churna) and Its Anti-Oxidant Activity”

Introduction: The science of Ayurveda withholds innumerable formulations that are single drug, poly herbal and Herbo-mineral compounds. Only a few of these have been researched upon and are explored fully to their potential. One such formulation is Kalingadi churna which is said to have its effect in the management of Grahani roga, which can nearly be understood in terms of IBS. It is composed of the drugs Kalinga (Holarrhena antydysentrica), Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum), Hingu (Ferula narthex), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) and Saindhava lavana (Unaqua sodium chloride). Material and Methods: The current study involved the preparation of a polyherbal Churna and the assessment of its constituents for macroscopic characters, physicochemical parameters, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and also conducting in vitro antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was examined using in vitro antioxidant models through DPPH free radical scavenging, Iron Chelating activity, and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Result and Discussion: Based on the findings of this study, the formulation demonstrated a notable antioxidant capacity, which may be attributed to the presence of certain phytochemicals in the formulation. It also indicated that the polyherbal churna can serve as a readily available source of natural antioxidants and thereby helping in understanding its probable mode of action and thus making it a potential candidate for usage as a drug in various ailments of the gastrointestinal tract

Analytical methods for detection of human cytomegalovirus clinched biosensor a cutting-edge diagnostic tool

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta herpes-virus, which affects human being as a lifelong infection. HCMV is the prominent cause for the infections of congenital with a 1.0–2.4% incidence of live-births, along with possible severe classic cytomegalovirus. Crucial HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy hosts but it can cause severe or sometimes fatal illness in immuno-compromised neonates and individuals. Various conventional methods such as PCR, virus isolation, antigenemia test, histological and serological are available for detection of HCMV. Among all the analytical techniques, biosensors clinched as the most advanced technology, which offers many features such as simplicity, inexpensive, highly sensitive, and effective approach. The future of diagnosis will rely on the development of point-of-care devices, which can be used at the site of need, resource-restricted settings, and provides affordability. This review describes various analytical methods for the detection of HCMV emphasizing biosensing methods

A study of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli

Background: Antimicrobials are routinely used for variety of clinical conditions but are also misused leading to drug resistance bacteria in clinical practice. Consultants can gain the knowledge about it and can also have the depth of problem faced, their prescribing behavior mainly depends on their attitude and understanding of condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics prescribing among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli. Methods: Our present study was conducted in the Bharati hospital, BV (DU) medical college and hospital, Sangli. Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee was obtained and it was, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was provided to junior residents, senior residents and faculty of different specialties and responses were recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 9 in knowledge, 10 in attitude and 10 in practice section. Results: Out of all participants 84.5% believed that no need of antibiotics for running and blocked nose. Majority 89.6% were expressed that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics. 90.4% participants believed that education of patients will help. Only 76.8% strictly adhere to the antibiotic policy of our hospital. Conclusions: The present study on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational modifications that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of drug resistance in our developing country