Boron--epoxy tubular structure members

Composite materials fabricate thin-walled tubular members which have same load-carrying capabilities as aluminum, titanium, or other metals, but are lighter. Interface between stepped end fitting and tube lends itself to attachments by primary as well as secondary bonding. Interlaminar shear and hoop stress buildup in attachment at end fitting is avoided

Unquenched Charmonium with NRQCD - Lattice 2000

We present results from a series of NRQCD simulations of the charmonium system, both in the quenched approximation and with n_f = 2 dynamical quarks. The spectra show evidence for quenching effects of ~10% in the S- and P-hyperfine splittings. We compare this with other systematic effects. Improving the NRQCD evolution equation altered the S-hyperfine by as much as 20 MeV, and we estimate radiative corrections may be as large as 40%.Comment: Lattice 2000 (Heavy Quark Physics

'It's a Form of Freedom': The experiences of people with disabilities within equestrian sport

This paper explores the embodied, gendered experiences of disabled horse‐riders. Drawing on data from five in‐depth interviews with paradressage riders, the ways in which their involvement in elite disability sport impacts upon their sense of identity and confidence are explored, as well as the considerable health and social benefits that this involvement brings. Social models of disability are employed and the shortcomings of such models, when applied to disability sport, are highlighted. The data presented here demonstrates the necessity of seeing disability sport as an embodied experience and acknowledging the importance of impairment to the experiences of disabled athletes. Living within an impaired body is also a gendered experience and the implications of this when applied to elite disability sport are considered

Blaming the victim, all over again: Waddell and Aylward's biopsychosocial (BPS) model of disability

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of mental distress, originally conceived by the American psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s and commonly used in psychiatry and psychology, has been adapted by Gordon Waddell and Mansell Aylward to form the theoretical basis for current UK Government thinking on disability. Most importantly, the Waddell and Aylward version of the BPS has played a key role as the Government has sought to reform spending on out-of- work disability benefits. This paper presents a critique of Waddell and Aylward’s model, examining its origins, its claims and the evidence it employs. We will argue that its potential for genuine inter-disciplinary cooperation and the holistic and humanistic benefits for disabled people as envisaged by Engel are not now, if they ever have been, fully realized. Any potential benefit it may have offered has been eclipsed by its role in Coalition/Conservative government social welfare policies that have blamed the victim and justified restriction of entitlements

Tadpole-improved SU(2) lattice gauge theory

A comprehensive analysis of tadpole-improved SU(2) lattice gauge theory is made. Simulations are done on isotropic and anisotropic lattices, with and without improvement. Two tadpole renormalization schemes are employed, one using average plaquettes, the other using mean links in Landau gauge. Simulations are done with spatial lattice spacings $a_s$ in the range of about 0.1--0.4 fm. Results are presented for the static quark potential, the renormalized lattice anisotropy $a_t/a_s$ (where $a_t$ is the ``temporal'' lattice spacing), and for the scalar and tensor glueball masses. Tadpole improvement significantly reduces discretization errors in the static quark potential and in the scalar glueball mass, and results in very little renormalization of the bare anisotropy that is input to the action. We also find that tadpole improvement using mean links in Landau gauge results in smaller discretization errors in the scalar glueball mass (as well as in the static quark potential), compared to when average plaquettes are used. The possibility is also raised that further improvement in the scalar glueball mass may result when the coefficients of the operators which correct for discretization errors in the action are computed beyond tree level.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures (minor changes to overall scales in Fig.1; typos removed from Eqs. (3),(4),(15); some rewording of Introduction

Evaluating Lifeworld as an emancipatory methodology

Disability research is conducted within a highly politicised ‘hotbed’ of competing paradigms and principles. New researchers, who want to work within the social model, are soon faced with complex and challenging methodological and philosophical dilemmas. The social model advocates research agendas that are focused on the emancipation and empowerment of disabled people but, in reality, these are rarely achieved. To be successful researchers need to engage with innovative and creative methodologies and to share their experiences of these within environments that welcome challenge and debate. This paper focuses on Lifeworld and assesses its value as a tool for emancipatory research. Using examples from a study with parents, whose children were in the process of being labelled as having autism, the paper illustrates how the principles that ‘underpin’ the methodology offered a supportive framework for a novice researcher

Study of Charmonia near the deconfining transition on an anisotropic lattice with O(a) improved quark action

We study hadron properties near the deconfining transition in the quenched lattice QCD simulation. This paper focuses on the heavy quarkonium states, such as $J/\psi$ meson. In order to treat heavy quarks at $T>0$, we adopt the $O(a)$ improved Wilson action on anisotropic lattice. We discuss $c\bar{c}$ bound state observing the wave function and compare the meson correlators at above and below $T_c$. Although we find a large change of correlator near the $T_c$, the strong spatial correlation which is almost the same as confinement phase survives even $T\sim 1.5T_c$.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Mesonic decay constants in lattice NRQCD

Lattice NRQCD with leading finite lattice spacing errors removed is used to calculate decay constants of mesons made up of heavy quarks. Quenched simulations are done with a tadpole improved gauge action containing plaquette and six-link rectangular terms. The tadpole factor is estimated using the Landau link. For each of the three values of the coupling constant considered, quarkonia are calculated for five masses spanning the range from charmonium through bottomonium, and one set of quark masses is tuned to the B(c). "Perturbative" and nonperturbative meson masses are compared. One-loop perturbative matching of lattice NRQCD with continuum QCD for the heavy-heavy vector and axial vector currents is performed. The data are consistent with the vector meson decay constants of quarkonia being proportional to the square root of their mass and the B(c) decay constant being equal to 420(13) MeV.Comment: 25 pages in REVTe