Service Oriented Architecture Using ISO RM- ODP With Respect To Computational Viewpoint

ABSTRACT: The Service Oriented Architecture using ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing is a high performance technique for providing effective services to the users. This architecture consists of five different viewpoints namely Enterprise viewpoint, Computational viewpoint, Information viewpoint, Engineering viewpoint and Technology viewpoint. This paper discusses the details about the Computational viewpoint. Computational viewpoint defines the functional decomposition of the system into a set of services that interact at interfaces. These services can be found in a security system and present as classification based on the functionality of services. Interaction between the service requester and the security system, and the communication between the security system and the service provider is carried out through external messages. The security system receives an input message then processes it and produces an output message. The semantics of the message is the issue of information view point. If the security check fails or if the processing logic can't be correctly applied, security services can raise exceptions signalling that the errors encountered. Exception message contain annotations and other meta-information

Service Oriented Architecture using ISO RM- ODP with Respect to Computational Viewpoint

ABSTRACT: The Service Oriented Architecture using ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing is a high performance technique for providing effective services to the users. This architecture consists of five different viewpoints namely Enterprise viewpoint, Computational viewpoint, Information viewpoint, Engineering viewpoint and Technology viewpoint. This paper discusses the details about the Computational viewpoint. Computational viewpoint defines the functional decomposition of the system into a set of services that interact at interfaces. These services can be found in a security system and present as classification based on the functionality of services. Interaction between the service requester and the security system, and the communication between the security system and the service provider is carried out through external messages. The security system receives an input message then processes it and produces an output message. The semantics of the message is the issue of information view point. If the security check fails or if the processing logic can't be correctly applied, security services can raise exceptions signalling that the errors encountered. Exception message contain annotations and other meta-information

Service Oriented Architecture Using ISO RM- ODP With Respect To Computational Viewpoint

ABSTRACT: The Service Oriented Architecture using ISO Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing is a high performance technique for providing effective services to the users. This architecture consists of five different viewpoints namely Enterprise viewpoint, Computational viewpoint, Information viewpoint, Engineering viewpoint and Technology viewpoint. This paper discusses the details about the Computational viewpoint. Computational viewpoint defines the functional decomposition of the system into a set of services that interact at interfaces. These services can be found in a security system and present as classification based on the functionality of services. Interaction between the service requester and the security system, and the communication between the security system and the service provider is carried out through external messages. The security system receives an input message then processes it and produces an output message. The semantics of the message is the issue of information view point. If the security check fails or if the processing logic can't be correctly applied, security services can raise exceptions signalling that the errors encountered. Exception message contain annotations and other meta-information

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT Two models are said to be non-nested models, if one can not be derived as a special case of another. Much attention in classical statistics has been devoted to testing non-nested regression models. Within the classical framework, there are three alternative general approaches to test non-nested models namely, the use of specification error tests; the use of comprehensive model method; and the use of procedures based upon Keywords: Non-Nested Model, Studentized Residuals INTRODUCTION The selection of a good model is an art. The basic idea in statistics is how to select a good model for the purpose of the study. Once a model is given, however, there are statistical criteria to judge whether the given model is bad or not. Since, many models can explain the same set of data about equally well, a given set of data can be used to screen out bad models but not to generate good models, whatever statistical techniques are used. The subject of model selection is treated in classical statistics, which deals with the two topics of estimation and testing of hypotheses. The problem of determining an appropriate model based on a subset of the original set of variables contains three basic ingredients namely, i) The computational technique used to provide the information for the analysis; ii) The criterion used to analyze the variables and select a subset, if that is an appropriate; and iii) The estimation of coefficients in the final model. In model selection criteria, there may be two important problems those arising from nested and nonnested model structures. The nested models arise with, for instance, two models specified in such a way that one model is a special case of the other; the non-nested model arise when neither model follows as a special case of the other. The model selection criterion is a problem of choice among competing models. The choice of a model follows some preliminary data search. In the context of the linear model, it leads to the specification of explanatory variables that appear to be the most important on prior grounds. Often, some explanatory variables appear in one model and reappear in another model gives rise to the nested models; often again neither model, in the case of two models appears to be a special case of the other model gives rise to the non-nested models. In the process of choosing models, statisticians have developed a variety of diagnostic tests. These tests have been classified into two categories: (i) Tests of Nested Regression models, and (ii) Tests of Non-nested Regression models If a modelI can be derived as a special case of another modelII then modelI is said to be nested model within modelII. Two models are said to be non-nested models, if one can not be derived as a special case of another

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.

Production of thermostable pullulanase by Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV2 in solid-state fermentation: optimization of nutrients levels using response surface methodology

Abstract The optimization of nutrient levels for the production of thermostable pullulanase by Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV2 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using response surface methodology based on the central composite rotatable design. The design contains a total of 54 experimental trials with the ®rst 32 organized in a fractional factorial design and experimental trials from 33±40 and 51±54 involving the replication of the central points. The design was employed by selecting potato starch, magnesium chloride, ferrous sulfate, corn steep liquor and pearl millet¯our as model factors. Among the ®ve independent variables studied, except magnesium chloride, all the nutrients were found signi®cant. 16.5% potato starch, 2.5% corn steep, 0.015% ferrous sulfate and 14% pearl millet¯our have been found optimal for the production of thermostable pullulanase. The strain SV2 produced 10% more pullulanase in the nutritionally optimized solid-state fermentation medium containing only four nutrients. Introduction In recent years, pullulanase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.41), a debranching enzyme, has been gaining importance in starch conversion processes In recent times, the bacterial systems are increasingly investigated for the production of enzymes and metabolites by solid-state fermentation (SSF

Dexmedetomidine decreases the requirement of ketamine and propofol during burns debridement and dressings

Background and Aims: Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective α2 -adrenoreceptor agonist, is used for sedation management in various clinical settings and shows anaesthetic-sparing effect. Our aim was to study the effects of Dex on requirements of propofol, ketamine, and intraoperative haemodynamic variations during burns debridement and dressing changes, and compare its effectiveness and safety with combination of ketamine and propofol. Methods: Sixty adult patients posted for elective debridement and dressing were included in the study. Thirty patients received Dex (intramuscular)(IM) 1 μg/kg, 1 h before shifting to the operation theatre while the other thirty did not. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and ketamine followed by adjusted infusion to achieve a Ramsay Sedation Scale score (RSS) of six in all patients. Intraoperatively haemodynamic parameters were recorded at regular intervals of 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The mean data between the groups were compared by unpaired t test and medians by Mann-Whitney U test. Within group analysis was performed by using repeated measures ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The dose requirement of ketamine and propofol in Dex group was significantly lower when compared to control group (100.5 ± 17.58 mg vs. 231.5 ± 60.39 mg (P < 0.0001) and 127.7 ± 15.47 mg vs. 254 ± 59.22 mg (P < 0.0001) respectively). Additionally, recovery time was lower in the Dex group as compared to the control group, 9.57 ± 1.50 min vs. 11.53 ± 2.56 min (P = 0.0006). Haemodynamic variations were also significantly lower in the Dex group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg IM) reduced the requirement of propofol and ketamine, with more stable intraoperative haemodynamics