A Study on Problems Faced by Female Child Labor in Unorganized Sector of Palladam Taluk in Tirupur District

Child labor in India is to be found in almost every sector of the informal economy. Despite India´s fast economic growth since the 1990s, many challenges remain for youth at risk, particularly the girl child. The Indian Girl Child who faces gender discrimination on various levels. Due to her lower status in the society, a girl child laborer is even more deprived. Child labor is still a prevalent issue in India. Gender is a crucial determinant of whether a child engages in labour. While child labour is an infringement of the rights of all children boys and girls alike girls often start working at an earlier age than boys, Girls also tend to do more work in the home than boys. Hence, this study focused on what are the problems faced by female child labor and their socio- economic conditions in Palldam taluk of Tirupur District of Tamilnadu

Variation in the Biomolecular Interactions of Nickel(Ii) Hydrazone Complexes Upon Tuning the Hydrazide Fragment

Three new bivalent nickel hydrazone complexes have been synthesised from the reactions of [NiCl2(PPh3)(2)] with H2L {L = dianion of the hydrazones derived from the condensation of o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with furoic acid hydrazide (H2L1) (1)/thiophene-2-acid hydrazide (H2L2) (2)/isonicotinic acid hydrazide (H2L3) (3)} and formulated as [Ni(L-1)(PPh3)] (4), [Ni(L-2)(PPh3)] (5) and [Ni(L-3)(PPh3)] (6). Structural characterization of these compounds 4-6 were accomplished by using various physico-chemical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of complexes 4 and 5 proved their distorted square planar geometry. In order to ascertain the potential of the above synthesised compounds towards biomolecular interactions, additional experiments involving interaction with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were carried out. All the ligands and corresponding nickel(II) chelates have been screened for their scavenging effect towards O-2(-), OH and NO radicals. The efficiency of complexes 4-6 to arrest the growth of HeLa, HepG-2 and A431 tumour cell lines has been studied along with the cell viability test against the non-cancerous NIH 3T3 cells under in vitro conditions.University Grants Commission, New Delhi under the UGC-SAP-DRSRobert A. Welch Foundation F-0003Chemistr

(E)-3-Phenyl-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-ylcarbon­yl)acrylonitrile

In the title compound, C25H18N2O3S, the indole moiety is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 89.95 (09)° with the phenyl ring of the sulfonyl substituent. The mol­ecular conformation features a weak C—H⋯N short contact and the crystal packing reveals a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond

rac-6-Eth­oxy-3,3a,4,9b-tetra­hydro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carbonitrile

The title compound, C25H22N2O3, with three stereogenic centres, crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group as a racemate. The pyran ring adopts a sofa conformation and the five-membered isoxazole ring exhibits an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane through the near coplanar atoms of the pyran ring is 10.54 (9)°. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed

Delay in diagnosis of breast cancer in a developing country: a single centre observational study in a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala, India

Background: Around the world breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. In India, peak incidence is between 45-50 years of age. Early diagnosis improves survival, hence reducing diagnostic delay in breast cancer will have major social and economic implications besides improving the quality of life. This observational study aims to decipher various factors influencing diagnostic delay so that early treatment can be instituted.Methods: We interviewed 212 consecutive patients who attended the twice weekly breast clinic conducted by Department of general surgery and department of radiotherapy, government medical college, Kozhikode between September 2014 and February 2015. All patients with primary breast cancer were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included recurrence, second primaries, history of partial treatment and incomplete records. Finally, we interviewed 202 patients with the help of a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.Results: In present study, the commonest age group was 40-50 years with 62.4% participants presenting with early breast cancer and 37.6% having advanced breast cancer. Most of present study subjects were educated up to high school and unemployed. Awareness about breast cancer was 74.25% but many were ignorant of its symptomatology. Practice of breast self-examination (BSE) was low at 32.1%. Side and quadrant were statistically significant factor.Conclusions: In present study religion, educational status, marital status, breast cancer awareness, practice of BSE and location of tumor were statistically significant factors influencing delay in diagnosis. There was a general lack of knowledge about the importance of self-examination in breast cancer which needs health education and need for active social propaganda in print and electronic media regarding its importance. In future institution of a screening programme will hasten diagnosis and improve survival of breast cancer patients

Interaction In the English Language Classroom: A Review of Teacher Questions

Teachers' questions in the English language classroom are an essential way of teaching English. Teachers must be aware of the types of questions that can help students learn the target language. Students, on the other hand, did not actively participate in learning, especially when responding to questions from teachers. To address this issue, teachers must modify their questions using various techniques in order to elicit responses from students. This study examines twenty studies selected from the Google scholar on the role of teacher questioning pattern in motivating students' participation in English language classrooms, as well as the classification of modification questions used by teachers when teaching English. We examine current teachers' questioning patterns before reviewing previous research on the most common question type activity in the English classroom. According to the findings, display questions are frequently used by English language teachers as a better approach than referential and other questioning types. Other knowledge-based analyses were discovered to be carried out in order to extract useful features that reduce the risk of better activity, demonstrating that students continue to struggle with high-dimensional and important subjects when answering referential questions. Finally, we highlight some outstanding issues for future research in this area that researchers should consider

Reproduction in the deep-sea penaeoid shrimp Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938 (Decapoda: Penaeoidea: Aristeidae) from southwestern India

The Arabian red shrimp, Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938, is one of the targets of commercial trawlers operating since 2000 along the Indian coasts at depths of 200–850 m. We report for the first time on the reproductive biology, insemination frequency, ovarian maturation, gonadosomatic index (GSI), size at maturity, and fecundity of A. alcocki investigated macroscopically and validated histologically using monthly trawl samples from the southwestern coast of India. Females have an open thelycum with five gonad developmental stages (I to V) and two stages (I and II) in males. A total of 4,170 specimens were examined and 68.6% of the females had been inseminated (carapace length (CL) 22.0–53.0 mm), predominantly during January to May. Females in stage I (immature) measured on average CL 25.5 ± 0.87 mm, those in stages IV and V (mature) CL 41.5 ± 0.62 mm. Immature males were smaller, mean CL 20.5 ± 0.5 mm. Size at first sexual maturity for females was estimated as CL 35.07 mm (total length (TL) 120–170 mm) and the inseminated specimens (CL50is) were mature at CL 31.45 mm using a non-linear method. The smallest mature female was CL 35 mm, whereas the size at maturity (CL50ms) of males was estimated as CL 19.6 mm (TL 75–96 mm). We also report synchronous oocyte development and continuous spawning activity with a peak during January to April. Information on the reproduction of this deep-water shrimp will help fishery managers estimate the stock sustainability and develop resource management measures

Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment

Ice accretion on various onshore and offshore infrastructures imparts hazardous effects sometimes beyond repair, which may be life-threatening. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for ways to detect and mitigate ice. Some ice mitigation techniques have been tested or in use in aviation and railway sectors, however, their applicability to other sectors/systems is still in the research phase. To make such systems autonomous, ice protection systems need to be accompanied by reliable ice detection systems, which include electronic, mechatronics, mechanical, and optical techniques. Comparing the benefits and limitations of all available methodologies, Infrared Thermography (IRT) appears to be one of the useful, non-destructive, and emerging techniques as it offers wide area monitoring instead of just point-based ice monitoring. This paper reviews the applications of IRT in the field of icing on various subject areas to provide valuable insights into the existing development of an intelligent and autonomous ice mitigation system for general applications

Water Management in the Noyyal River Basin A Situation Analysis

The Noyyal sub-basin, which is 3510 sq km in area, is part of the Cauvery basin that lies in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a rapidly urbanizing sub-basin that includes the Class I cities of Coimbatore and Tiruppur as well as 84 smaller urban settlements. Water issues in this basin have been the focus of much public debate and action over the last two decades. Most of the debate, triggered by farmer agitations and court cases, has focused on the question of water pollution; water scarcity and sustainability issues have received relatively little attention. Recent bans on industrial effluent discharge into the Noyyal, as well as changes in water supply infrastructure, watershed development activities, urban demand and agricultural water use have dramatically altered the future of the Noyyal River and merit follow-up studies. The purpose of this situation analysis is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding water resources management in the Noyyal sub-basin and identify critical knowledge gaps to inform water-related research in the basin. It is hoped that such an analysis will help those studying or working on water issues in the Noyyal, and also provide useful insights for other urbanizing basins

2-Iodo-3-(4-meth­oxy­anilino)-5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-en-1-one

The cyclo­hexene ring in the title compound, C15H18INO2, adopts a sofa conformation. The dihedral angle between the cyclo­hexene (through all ring atoms) and benzene rings is 63.3 (1)°. The mol­ecular conformation features an N—H⋯I short contact and the crystal packing features C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds