Assessment of P-Delta Effect on High Rise Buildings

P-delta effect is secondary effect on structure .it is also known as ‘Geometric nonlinearity effect’. As number of stories increases, P-delta effect becomes more important. If the change in bending moments and displacements is more than 10%, P-delta effect should be considered in design. In this study the P-delta effect on high rise building is studied. Linear static analysis (without P-delta effect) on high rise building having different number of stories is carried out. For the analysis G+14, G+19, G+24, (i.e 15, 20, and 25storey) R.C.C. framed building are modeled. Earthquake load is applied on model of structure as per IS-18939(2002) for zone III in E-Tab software. Load combination for analysis is set as per IS-456(2000).All analysis is carried out in software ETAB. Bending moment, story displacement with and without p-delta effect is calculated and compared for all the models. Then by trial and error method suitable cross-section are provided for unsafe building to bring within acceptable limit by increasing stiffness of a building. The result shows that it is essential to consider the P-delta effect for 25storey building. So buildings having height more than or equal to 75m, should be designed considering P-delta effect. Also we can say that up to 25storey building, it is not necessary to consider P-delta effect in design and primary or first order analysis is sufficient for design. By increasing stiffness of building by providing suitable cross section or by increasing stiffness building can bring within acceptable limit.[7] DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150515

Solid Waste Management and Route OptimizationBy Using GIS-A Case Study of Indapur City

: In today’s world solid waste management is a global environmental issue. In India this issue is not taken seriously. There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and loss due to direct disposal of waste. There has to be appropriate planning for proper solid waste management by means of analysis of the waste situation of the area. The growth in the urban population and activity has resulted in an increased solid waste generation. In the process of solid waste management, more attention needs to be paid towards collection as it itself requires 60-70% of the total cost. For effective management, the municipal corporation of Indapur has divided the entire region into seventeen wards which are further divided into six health units to collect the solid waste. Two alternate disposal systems are considered. In first case the entire solid waste of the city of Indapur is dumped at one dumping site. In next case there are three sites proposed at different locations in the city Indapur city. A comparison is made considering transportation cost, site maintenance cost, labour cost, and diesel cost. This study would deal with, how Geographical Information System (GIS) can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management and for route optimization. Hence an attempt is made in this study to second optimum route for solid waste transportation in Indapur city. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150516

USE OF RECYCLED PLASTIC AS REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Now a days disposal of dissipate plastic is one of the major green problem all above the world. The objective of this review paper is to examine the usefulness of using waste plastic as fine aggregate substitute in concrete mixtures. The compressive and tensile strength of a variety of concrete specimens were tested to establish how the amalgamation of recycled plastic as a replacement of fine aggregate would affect the expansion of strength in the mixes. In this reading plastic waste was mixed with cement concrete in a variety of scope such as 0%-15% and the M20 grade test specimen were casted to learning the behavior of plastic mixed concrete. All stages of plastic replacement show a perceptible diminish in compressive strength and tensile strength. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/2015071

Feasibility of hydraulic separation in a novel anaerobic-anoxic upflow reactor for biological nutrient removal

ABSTRACT : This contribution deals with a novel anaerobic-anoxic reactor for biological nutrient removal (BNR) from wastewater, termed AnoxAn. In the AnoxAn reactor, the anaerobic and anoxic zones for phosphate removal and denitrification are integrated in a single continuous upflow sludge blanket reactor, aiming at high compactness and efficiency. Its application is envisaged in those cases where retrofitting of existing wastewater treatment plants for BNR, or the construction of new ones, is limited by the available surface area. The environmental conditions are vertically divided up inside the reactor with the anaerobic zone at the bottom and the anoxic zone above. The capability of the AnoxAn configuration to establish two hydraulically separated zones inside the single reactor was assessed by means of hydraulic characterization experiments and model simulations. Residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in clean water were performed in a bench-scale (48.4 L) AnoxAn prototype. The required hydraulic separation between the anaerobic and anoxic zones, as well as adequate mixing in the individual zones, was obtained through selected mixing devices. The observed behaviour was described by a hydraulic model consisting of continuous stirred tank reactors and plug-flow reactors. The impact of the denitrification process in the anoxic zone on the hydraulic separation was subsequently evaluated through model simulations. The desired hydraulic behaviour proved feasible, involving little mixing between the anaerobic and anoxic zones (mixing flowrate 40.2% of influent flowrate) and negligible nitrate concentration in the anaerobic zone (less than 0.1 mgN L-1) when denitrification was considered

Arsenic and iron removal from water using constructed soil filter - a novel approach

Arsenic poisoning is a global problem. It is known that groundwater in Bangladesh and West Bengal predominantly contains As(III) and concentrations of Fe(II) which are often too low for removal of arsenic in optimum quantities. To eliminate arsenic from drinking water, several basic methods Such as coagulation, adsorption. ion exchange. filtration. membrane processes, are reported. To deal with this issue on a small to large scale. we present a novel approach to remove arsenic and iron from water by constructed soil filter (CSF). In CSF. As (III) is oxidized to As(V) by media via natural oxidation and subsequently, arsenic is co-precipitated with iron. Here water containing arsenic, iron, and phosphate is passed through the CSF media at the rate of 100 ml/min. Results show a mean residence time of 8.6 min and a holdup of 1.851. Results of six runs show that with initial As(III) of 300 mu g/l and iron concentration of 5-10 mg/l. residual arsenic levels below 10 ppb and residual iron <0.30 mg/l in water can be achieved. In CSF. no chemicals are needed for the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). The oxidation takes place due to the presence of various oxides Such as iron, manganese, aluminum. and the microbial diversity in the media of soil bioreactor. Such a novel technology is also applied for purification of water and wastewater. (C) 2008 Curtin University of Technology and . Ltd

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE LOADED NANOSUSPENSION

Objective: To address issues with drug release, manufacturing, and drug product stability, the primary objective of this study was to optimize the solubility of poorly soluble lansoprazole medication by using an appropriate nanosuspension formulation. Methods: The freeze-drying (nanopure) method was used to create lansoprazole nanosuspensions. The formulation and process variables affecting the properties of nanosuspensions (mannitol concentration, drug concentration, and PVP-K30 concentration) were optimized. Particle size, shape, zeta potential, drug content, stability study, and in vitro drug release study were performed on the nanosuspensions. Results: Out of different batches of nanosuspension, batch F4 displayed the most optimizing parameters, i.e., drug content 97±1.2%, average particle size 125.5 nm, polydispersity index 0.361, and zeta potential-22.7 mV. In comparison to other formulations, the PVP-K30 polymer in F4 demonstrated an effective cumulative drug release of 120 min. In stability studies, optimized nanosuspension displayed favorable results and demonstrated significant stability for the said period of time. Conclusion: The most promising drug release profile was shown by the optimized (F4) nanosuspension, which also demonstrated increased lansoprazole solubility. We have concluded from the current study that nanosuspension can serve as a better formulation for lansoprazole delivery

A Review Of Automatic Detection Of Micro Aneurysm And Diabetic Retinopathy Grading In Fundus Retinal Images

&nbsp;From an image processing standpoint, the automatic detection of micro aneurysms is a challenging task, since their color and size are same as the vessels, they have a variable size and often they are so small that can be easily mystified with the image noise. It is also difficult to discriminate whether a red lesion is a micro aneurysm or small dot hemorrhage. This problem increases the number of false candidates that naturally deteriorates the overall accuracy of the detectors. Automatic early detection could limit the severity of the disease and assist ophthalmologists in investigating and treating the disease more effectively and efficiently. Therefore, time required for examination and effect of the disease on the patient could be reduced if the detection system could succeed on images taken from patients with non-dilated pupils. &nbsp