Iphias: Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.311-61

As an Apollo-like (1.307-9) Jason leaves home to start the long journey in quest of the Golden Fleece a strange incident occurs: The first thing to be said about this scene is that it is almost certainly an invention of Apollonius Rhodiu

Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4.12

At Argonautica 4.12-13, Medea, frightened and on the point of fleeing her home, 2 is compared to a young dee

Empedoclean epic: how far can you go?

This paper attempts to take one step further the argument of P.R. Hardie’s 1995 article in Classical Quarterly, entitled ‘The Speech of Pythagoras in Ovid Metamorphoses 15: Empedoclean Epos’, by showing that Lucan can be fitted easily into a version of Latin literary history that privileges the presence of recurring Empedoclean influence

Introduction to \u3cem\u3eAugustan Poetry and the Roman Republic\u3c/em\u3e

A considerable body of recent scholarship has been devoted to inves­tigating the ways in which societies remember, studying not only what they construct as memorable but also why and how they do so. Adopt­ing a narrower focus, this volume examines the ways in which different aspects and images of the Roman Republic are created and exploited by the Augustan poets. Our subject immediately suggests two obvious strategies:- on the one hand, emphasis on a strictly historical project; on the other, concentration on versions of literary history. The latter has been more popular and influential in recent Latin scholarship, but the former has not been without its adherents, as the lively debate in recent historical research has fought over the value of ancient literary sources for reconstructing the early history of Rome and, crucially, for the origins of the Republic and the struggle of the orders. Simultaneously, recent work on Livy has provided strong support for a pre-Actian dating for the beginning of the composition of his history, and so has vastly improved our appreciation of the complexity and subtlety of this extraordinarily ambitious and influential historiographical project. In addition, more sophisticated readings of Roman historians in general that are them­selves influenced by the application of New Critical techniques of dose reading developed by critics of poetic texts, have begun in turn to impinge on the ways in which the Latin poetry of the Augustan age is interpreted. Just as historical writers employ the materials of poetry and what we now call fiction-myth and metaphor, artful structuration, and the careful activation of intertextual possibilities involving models in both prose and verse-Augustan poets reveal their keen awareness of and interest in different historiographical modes, such as those of uni­versal history, regal chronicles, and the tropes of annalistic writing. They are also interested in some of the characteristic themes and devices of historical writing, such as battle narrative, civil conflict, ethnography, speeches, and debates, even as they too engage intertextually with precise historiographical models in pointed and influential ways. The challenge for this volume, then, is not so much to ask whether the Augustan poets are concerned with Roman history, but to gain greater clarity with regard to the questions of how and to what end they may be seen as presenting their past as a specifically Republican history. In setting out to think about this vast topic, one which can only be treated in a highly selective manner in a book such as this, a series of obvious questions comes immediately to mind. Are there any particular aspects of the Republic that Augustan poets seem to remember with particular frequency and immediacy? Equally, are there any aspects they seem to prefer to forget? How do they shape the past in relation to the present: do they favour narratives of continuity, rupture, or repetition? What other forms of periodization do they adopt? And finally, how are we to define any given poet as \u27Augustan\u27? Amidst such a bewildering array of questions, it seems advisable to attempt to seek some solid ground as a starting point

Laboratory investigation of daily food intake and gut evacuation in larvae of African catfish Clarias gariepinus under different feeding conditions

Abstract Temporary accumulation of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AAS) was measured to estimate food intake and gut evacuation in larvae of African catfish. Fish larvae were fed decapsulated cysts of Artemia containing AAS. In a first experiment it was found that no biosynthesis of AAS occurs in the larvae of this species. In a second experiment, the gut contents of the fish larvae fed were calculated as they changed during development. In a third experiment, the gut evacuation rate of fish larvae was determined during continuous and discontinuous feeding regimes in the first five days after the start of exogenous feeding. Food consumption by catfish larvae increased from 46.5% of their body dry weight (BDW) on day 1 after the start of exogenous feeding to 53.8% BDW on day 3. Thereafter, food consumption decreased to 27.8% BDW on day 5. A similar pattern was observed for gut evacuation, which increased during the first days of exogenous feeding and decreased as fish growth continued. The rate of gut evacuation in a continuous feeding regime was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that under discontinuous feeding. On day 1 post-hatch and 7 h after first food ingestion the fish larvae evacuated 87% of the food in continuous feeding compared with 43% under discontinuous feeding. It was found that gut emptying differs during larval development. Under continuous feeding, on days 1 and 3 post-hatch and 11 h after the first meal 90% of the food was evacuated compared with 71% evacuated on day 5. The advantages and limitations of the AAS method for estimation of food consumption by fish larvae are discussed

Empedoclean epic: how far can you go?

This paper attempts to take one step further the argument of P.R. Hardie’s 1995 article in Classical Quarterly, entitled ‘The Speech of Pythagoras in Ovid Metamorphoses 15: Empedoclean Epos’, by showing that Lucan can be fitted easily into a version of Latin literary history that privileges the presence of recurring Empedoclean influence

A simple method for measuring plasma power in rf-GDOES instruments

A method for determining plasma power in rf-GDOES is presented. It is based on an effective resistance located in the inductive coil of the impedance matching. The amount of electrical power consumed in the matching system depends on the capacitive current flowing through the matching system, which depends on the applied voltage, the stray capacity, and the frequency. This correction method is experimentally evaluated and compared with the integral plasma power calculatio