Mine water outbreak and stability risks : examples and challenges from England and Wales

Abstract Although their frequency of occurrence is rare, the sudden outbreak of mine water from abandoned mines, or collapse of waste rock stores can be environmentally significant and represent significant postclosure legacies. This paper reports on a national survey of abandoned non-coal mine sites where concerns over mine water outbreak or stability are apparent across England and Wales. A range of respondents across environmental regulators and local authorities were consulted to populate a geodatabase. Outbreak risk was highlighted as a documented or suspected concern at 19 mine sites. Typical issues were related to adit blockages and associated perched mine water alongside issues of sudden ingress of surface waters into mines under high flow conditions. The majority of the responses concerning stability issues (72 sites in total) were related to fluvial erosion of riparian waste rock heaps. While successful management of such issues is highlighted in some cases, these are generally isolated examples. In both cases, the fact that stability or outbreak issues are often caused or exacerbated by extreme rainfall events highlights a potential future management issue with the predicted effects of climate change in north west Europe

How hard is the euro area core? A wavelet analysis of growth cycles in Germany, France and Italy

Using recent advances in time-varying spectral methods, this research analyses the growth cycles of the core of the euro area in terms of frequency content and phasing of cycles. The methodology uses the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and also Hilbert wavelet pairs in the setting of a non-decimated discrete wavelet transform in order to analyse bivariate time series in terms of conventional frequency domain measures from spectral analysis. The findings are that coherence and phasing between the three core members of the euro area (France, Germany and Italy) have increased since the launch of the euro

Description of Langley low-frequency noise facility and study of human response to noise frequencies below 50 cps

Test facility for determining human performance in very low frequency noise environment - physiological and psychological response

Description and research capabilities of the Langley Low Frequency Noise Facility

Description and research capabilities of low frequency noise facilit

Feed system design and experimental results in the uhf model study for the proposed Urbana phased array

The effects of atmospheric turbulence and the basis for the coherent scatter radar techniques are discussed. The reasons are given for upgrading the Radar system to a larger steerable array. Phase array theory pertinent to the system design is reviewed, along with approximations for maximum directive gain and blind angles due to mutual coupling. The methods and construction techniques employed in the UHF model study are explained. The antenna range is described, with a block diagram for the mode of operation used

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats of human tenascin-C as ligands for EGF receptor.

Signaling through growth factor receptors controls such diverse cell functions as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. A critical question has been how the activation of these receptors is regulated. Most, if not all, of the known ligands for these receptors are soluble factors. However, as matrix components are highly tissue-specific and change during development and pathology, it has been suggested that select growth factor receptors might be stimulated by binding to matrix components. Herein, we describe a new class of ligand for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) found within the EGF-like repeats of tenascin-C, an antiadhesive matrix component present during organogenesis, development, and wound repair. Select EGF-like repeats of tenascin-C elicited mitogenesis and EGFR autophosphorylation in an EGFR-dependent manner. Micromolar concentrations of EGF-like repeats induced EGFR autophosphorylation and activated extracellular signal-regulated, mitogen-activated protein kinase to levels comparable to those induced by subsaturating levels of known EGFR ligands. EGFR-dependent adhesion was noted when the ligands were tethered to inert beads, simulating the physiologically relevant presentation of tenascin-C as hexabrachion, and suggesting an increase in avidity similar to that seen for integrin ligands upon surface binding. Specific binding to EGFR was further established by immunofluorescence detection of EGF-like repeats bound to cells and cross-linking of EGFR with the repeats. Both of these interactions were abolished upon competition by EGF and enhanced by dimerization of the EGF-like repeat. Such low affinity behavior would be expected for a matrix-tethered ligand; i.e., a ligand which acts from the matrix, presented continuously to cell surface EGF receptors, because it can neither diffuse away nor be internalized and degraded. These data identify a new class of insoluble growth factor ligands and a novel mode of activation for growth factor receptors

Analisis Pengaruh PDB, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Non Performing Finance (NPF), Bopo terhadap Profitabilitas (Roa) Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2008-2013

This study aims to determine the effect of the influence of GDP,Exchange rate, NPF,Ratio Operational Cost for Operational Income to the Return on Asset of Islamic Banking. The data used in this study is a time series data from 2008 to 2013. The samples are all of BUS and UUS in Indonesia. The method used in this study, namely multiple linier regression with Eviews 3.0. This study tested the hypothesis of regression coefficient (coefficient of determination, a significant test concurrent/F test, and the significant individual test / t test). The result showed that the variable GDP,exchange rate, NPF, Ratio operational cost for operational income at once / simultaneously have a significant influence on the realitation Return on Asset (ROA) of Islamic Banking . The individual test/partial showed that ratio Operational cost for operational income variable acquired that contributes greater than the variable GDP, exchange rate,and NPF on the realitation return on asset of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. The amount of influence that caused (R2) in the return on asset Islamic Banking of 57,2864%. While the remaining 42,7136% is influenced by othervariables not included in thestudy.Keywords: Return On asset, GDP, Exchange rate, NPF, Ratio Operational cost for Income Operational

ANSERLIN. A Broad-Band, Low-Profile, Circularly Polarized Antenna

A technique is presented for improving the performance of low-profile, circularly polarized (CP) radiating-line antennas. The essential elements of the technique pertain to establishing a single traveling wave on an annular sector of conducting strip that is positioned parallel and close to a large conducting surface. The antenna is named the annular sector, radiating-line (ANSERLIN) antenna. Using this technique, the impedance bandwidth becomes so large that it no longer has any bearing on the operating bandwidth. Instead, the pattern shape and axial ratio become the factors that limit the bandwidth. Both senses of circular polarization can be transmitted or received from the same structure. Experimental results for two-port ANSERLIN antennas are presented. The method of exciting a traveling wave on the annular sector is discussed. Design parameters are given for an antenna that will produce a broadside axial ratio that is less than 0.5 dB at a specified frequenc

Power Division by Element Design in a Circularly Polarized, Series-fed Array

The feasibility of designing a wideband circular polarized (CP) array of series-fed elements using the element geometry to control the array excitation has been demonstrated. The simple array of wideband, low-profile CP elements requires no phase-shifters and only sufficient feed lines for the interconnection of the elements in a series-fed array. A complicated network is not required to obtain the excitation coefficients for a specified design. Rather, the excitation coefficients can be realized by utilizing the geometric parameters of the individual elements

Agri-food leadership case study: Mike & Sharon Barton and Taupō Beef and Lamb

This paper forms part of a wider Unlocking Export Prosperity Research Programme led by the Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit (AERU) at Lincoln University. This is the second instalment in a series of case studies and is focused on Taupō Beef and Lamb, which is owned and operated by Mike and Sharon Barton Mike and Sharon Barton have needed to adapt to changes imposed on them and have responded by increasing the value of their product so that consumers pay a premium that helps cover the cost of operating under a nitrogen cap. This strategy involved shifting away from beef and lamb as a commodity and branding Taupō Beef and Lamb through environmental stewardship and creating unique value propositions. While challenges have arisen over this journey, the change Taupō Beef and Lamb has undergone has been pivotal to its survival. Taupō Beef and Lamb is an example of how leadership is crucial for adding value to agri-food products, protecting New Zealand’s environment, and garnering a price premium for high-value products