Dilp8 requires the neuronal relaxin receptor Lgr3 to couple growth to developmental timing

We thank C. Mirth, C. Ribeiro and A. Jacinto for their comments and suggestions; I. Miguel-Aliaga, A. Jacinto, P. Leopold, P. Domingos, C. Mirth, R. Teodoro, M. Dominguez, M.L. Vasconcelos, J.C. Yin and M. O'Connor, for reagents. Stocks obtained from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (NIH P40OD018537) were used in this study. A.M.G., F.H., A.M., A.R.M.D. and T.K. are supported by the FCT, under the FCT Investigator Programme and FCT fellowships SFRH/BPD/94112/2013, PD/BD/52421/2013, SFRH/BD/94931/2013 and SFRH/BPD/74313/2010, respectively. A.G. is supported by the CONICET and UNS, and Y.A.V. holds a CONICET fellowship. The work in the laboratory of A.M.G. is funded by the CEDOC and the European Commission FP7 (PCIG13-GA-2013-618847). A.G. thanks N.P. Rotstein and L.E. Politi for providing funds and space to develop a part of this project in their lab.How different organs in the body sense growth perturbations in distant tissues to coordinate their size during development is poorly understood. Here we mutate an invertebrate orphan relaxin receptor gene, the Drosophila Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 3 (Lgr3), and find body asymmetries similar to those found in insulin-like peptide 8 (dilp8) mutants, which fail to coordinate growth with developmental timing. Indeed, mutation or RNA intereference (RNAi) against Lgr3 suppresses the delay in pupariation induced by imaginal disc growth perturbation or ectopic Dilp8 expression. By tagging endogenous Lgr3 and performing cell type-specific RNAi, we map this Lgr3 activity to a new subset of CNS neurons, four of which are a pair of bilateral pars intercerebralis Lgr3-positive (PIL) neurons that respond specifically to ectopic Dilp8 by increasing cAMP-dependent signalling. Our work sheds new light on the function and evolution of relaxin receptors and reveals a novel neuroendocrine circuit responsive to growth aberrations.publishersversionpublishe

Desempenho de cultivares de milho no Nordeste Brasileiro : Safra 2012/2013.

A escolha da cultivar é uma das decisões sobre a qual se fundamenta o êxito de qualquer empreendimento agrícola.bitstream/item/122985/1/Desempenho-de-cultivares-Cot-137.pd

Stoloniferous Forage Legumes for Sustainable Mixed Pastures in the Tropics

Brazil has over 80 million ha of tropical pastures formed with species of Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa), mostly grazed by beef cattle and with low fertilizer inputs, especially nitrogen. Recent investigations by our team show that stoloniferous legumes such as forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) and Desmodium ovalifolium are able to persist in mixed swards with Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) if grazing height is regulated (maximum 30 cm) so that radiation can reach the soil surface allowing stolons to take root. These legumes can persist in mixed pastures and produce milk or animal weight gains similar to the application of 120 to 150 kg N/ha/yr. In studies at the CEPLAC field station south Bahia State (16°39´S, 39°30´ W), N2O emissions from urine of dairy cattle were 0.47 and 0.76 kg N-N2O/ha/yr for a mixed forage peanut/Marandu pasture and Marandu monoculture + 120 kg N fertilizer ha/yr, respectively, equivalent to emission factors (EF) of 0.81 and 2.09%. N2O emissions from the N fertilizer were 2.70 and 0.24 kg N-N2O/ha (EFs of 4.10 and 0.40 %) for the two applications, respectively. N2O emissions from urine of beef cattle were 0.314 and 0.267 kg N-N2O/ha/yr for a mixed Desmodium ovalifolium/Marandu pasture and Marandu monoculture + 150 kg N fertilizer ha/yr, respectively, equivalent to EFs of 0.45 and 0.40 %. Annual N2O emissions from 3 x 50 kg N fertilizer were 0.30 kg/ha/yr. Preliminary results indicate that enteric methane emissions from cattle grazing a mixed forage peanut/Marandu pasture were 9 % lower per kg weight gain than those on an N-fertilized Marandu monoculture. Considering the total elimination of the fossil CO2 emissions associated with manufacture and application of N fertilizer, the substitution of 150 kg N by the mixed grass legume pastures represents a decrease in GHG emission intensity of over 20 %

USO DA rbST NO DIA DO ESTRO EM RECEPTORAS DE EMBRIÃO BOVINO CRIOPRESERVADO

Estudou-se o efeito da administração de duas doses de rbST (250 e 500 mg) no dia do estro em receptoras de embrião bovino criopreservado na taxa de gestação e na concentração sérica de progesterona. No experimento I, 44 receptoras foram distribuídas em dois tratamentos: T1(n = 22, controle) e T2(n = 22), recebendo a administração subcutânea de 250 mg de rbST. No experimento II, 71 receptoras foram distribuídas em: T1(n = 31, controle) e T2(n = 40), recebendo 500 mg de rbST. Os diagnósticos de gestação foram realizados 30 dias após o estro. As taxas de gestação não diferiram entre tratamentos em ambos os experimentos (40,9%(T1) vs 50,0%(T2) e 48,4%(T1) vs 52,5%(T2) para os experimentos I e II, respectivamente). As concentrações séricas de progesterona (ng/mL de plasma), obtidas nas amostras de sangue coletadas no dia da inovulação, não diferiram entre tratamentos, sendo 5,92 ± 0,62(T1) vs 5,77 ± 0,48(T2) e 4,94 ± 0,54(T1) vs 4,77 ± 0,51(T2) para os experimentos I e II, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam que a administração de 250 ou 500 mg de rbST, no dia do estro, não proporciona incremento tanto na taxa de gestação como na concentração sérica de progesterona de receptoras de embrião bovino criopreservado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: bovino; receptora de embrião; taxa de gestação

Local iron homeostasis in the breast ductal carcinoma microenvironment

Abstract BACKGROUND: While the deregulation of iron homeostasis in breast epithelial cells is acknowledged, iron-related alterations in stromal inflammatory cells from the tumor microenvironment have not been explored. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for hepcidin, ferroportin 1 (FPN1), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ferritin (FT) was performed in primary breast tissues and axillary lymph nodes in order to dissect the iron-profiles of epithelial cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, breast carcinoma core biopsies frozen in optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound were subjected to imaging flow cytometry to confirm FPN1 expression in the cell types previously evaluated and determine its cellular localization. RESULTS: We confirm previous results by showing that breast cancer epithelial cells present an 'iron-utilization phenotype' with an increased expression of hepcidin and TFR1, and decreased expression of FT. On the other hand, lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating primary tumors and from metastized lymph nodes display an 'iron-donor' phenotype, with increased expression of FPN1 and FT, concomitant with an activation profile reflected by a higher expression of TFR1 and hepcidin. A higher percentage of breast carcinomas, compared to control mastectomy samples, present iron accumulation in stromal inflammatory cells, suggesting that these cells may constitute an effective tissue iron reservoir. Additionally, not only the deregulated expression of iron-related proteins in epithelial cells, but also on lymphocytes and macrophages, are associated with clinicopathological markers of breast cancer poor prognosis, such as negative hormone receptor status and tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: The present results reinforce the importance of analyzing the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, extending the contribution of immune cells to local iron homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Commentaries on viewpoint : physiology and fast marathons

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