SARGEN-IV: Consideration on the possible content of the safety analysis report for innovative ESNII reactors

In view of the potential deployment of demonstrators and prototypes associated with the European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative (ESNII) the present licensing framework, based on the current Light Water Reactor (LWR) technology, needs to be revised according to the new safety issues introduced by these innovative technologies. Within the SARGEN_IV project under the Euratom Framework Programme FP7, an extensive work has been done to review the critical safety features of the reactor concepts developed under ESNII. This review has also been be used as a reference to provide guidelines on the structure and content of the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) for the innovative ESNII reactors. Provided that structure and content of a SAR generally differ among States, the approach followed to provide recommendations and guidance was to remain as much as possible consistent in the format with the current practices for LWR while identifying those chapters whose subjects need to be adapted to the specific design. Due to the innovative nature of the design, it is recommended that parts of the SAR should be submitted to the regulatory body at an early stage and in accordance with an agreed timetable; this approach will permit a smoother review process and help prevent unnecessary delays.JRC.F.5-Nuclear Reactor Safety Assessmen

SARGEN-IV Consideration on the possible content of the safety analysis report for innovative ESNII reactors

International audienceIn view of the potential deployment of demonstrators and prototypes associated with the European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative (ESNII), the present licensing framework, based on the current Light Water Reactor (LWR) technology, will have to adjust as necessary taking into account to the new safety aspects introduced by these innovative technologies. Within the SARGEN-IV project under the Euratom Framework Programme FP7, an extensive work has been done to review the critical safety features of the reactor concepts developed under ESNII. This review has also been used as a reference to provide guidelines on the structure and content of the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) for the innovative ESNII reactors. Structure and content of a SAR generally differ among countries. The approach followed to give recommendations and guidance was to adopt as far as possible the format of the current practices for LWR based on the US NRC Reg Guide 1.70 together with IAEA publication GS-G-4.1 and to identify those chapters whose subjects need to be adapted to the specific design. Due to the innovative nature of the design, the licensing process for new ESNII concepts may take longer. The early involvement of regulators in defining safety objectives and criteria and acceptable solutions to meet these criteria may be beneficial to shorten this process. Therefore, it is recommended that parts of the SAR should be submitted to the regulatory body at an early stage and in accordance with an agreed timetable; this approach will permit a smoother review process and help preventing unnecessary delays. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Clinical, histomorphological, and therapeutic prognostic factors in patients with triple-negative invasive breast cancer Fatores prognósticos clínicos, histomorfológicos e terapêuticos em pacientes com câncer de mama invasivo triplo negativo

aBStRaCt Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common visceral malignancy in women, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The triple negative subgroup has poor prognosis and aggressive biological behavior. Objectives: To outline the clinical and histopathological aspects, the treatment profile, and to suggest which factors may predict poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative invasive breast cancer in the Campos Gerais region of Paraná. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study, longitudinal, comparative, performed in a clinic of anatomic pathology in the Instituto Sul Paranaense de Oncologia, in Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The inclusion criteria were female patients with pathology report of invasive breast carcinoma, whose immunohistochemistry showed negative for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), diagnosed in the period between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. The patients were divided into two groups, living women and patients who have died. Results: The recurrence rate, chemotherapy type, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor size, lymph node invasion, and type of surgery performed were significant variables in the univariate analysis between the groups. After Cox regression for multivariate analysis, only the angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.012, relative risk [RR] 5.0518, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.4261-17.8952), and tumor size (p = 0.0385, RR 1.2605, CI 95% 1.0123-1.5695) remained significant. Conclusion: The angiolymphatic invasion and tumor size proved to be risk factors for death, from all causes, in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Differences between groups can indicate different molecular subtypes within the triple-negative phenotype