Contrasting Experimentally Device-Manipulated and Device-Free Smiles.

Researchers in psychology have long been interested in not only studying smiles, but in examining the downstream effects of experimentally manipulated smiles. To experimentally manipulate smiles unobtrusively, participants typically hold devices (e.g., pens or chopsticks) in their mouths in a manner that activates the muscles involved in smiling. Surprisingly, despite decades of research using these methods, no study has tested to what degree these methods activate the same muscles as more natural, device-free smiles. Our study fills this gap in the literature by contrasting the magnitude of muscle activation in device-free smiles against the popular chopstick/pen manipulation. We also contrast these methods against the Smile Stick, a new device specifically designed to manipulate smiles in a comfortable and hygienic fashion. One hundred fifty-nine participants each participated in three facial expression manipulations that were held for 1 min: smile manipulation via Smile Stick, smile manipulation via chopsticks, and device-free smile. Facial electromyography was used to measure the intensity of the activation of the two main types of muscles involved in genuine, Duchenne smiling: the orbicularis oculi (a muscle group around the eyes) and the zygomaticus major (a muscle group in the cheeks). Furthermore, following each manipulation, participants rated their experience of the manipulation (i.e., comfort, fatigue, and difficulty), experienced affect (positive and negative), and levels of arousal. Results indicated that the Smile Stick and chopsticks performed equally across all measurements. Device-free smiles were rated as most comfortable but also the most fatiguing, and procured the greatest levels of positive affect and lowest levels of negative affect. Furthermore, device-free smiles resulted in significantly higher levels of both zygomaticus major (by ∼40%) and orbicularis oculi (by ∼15%) muscle activation than either the Smile Stick or chopsticks. The two devices were not different from each other in muscle activation. This study reveals that while device-free smiling procures the greatest changes in muscle activation and affect change, smiling muscle groups are activated by device manipulations, and expected changes in affect do occur, albeit to a lesser degree than device-free smiling. It also indicates that the Smile Stick is an acceptable and comparable alternative to disposable chopsticks

Gambaran Kuman Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Departemen Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Periode Januari-Desember 2010

Methicillin resisten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang penting karena frekuensinya cenderung meningkat di dunia sehingga dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kuman MRSA yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi dan pemantauan terhadap program pengendalian infeksi serta pencegahan terhadap kejadian MRSA. Penelitian potong lintang deskrptif ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Departemen Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) periode Januari-Desember 2010 dengan menggunakan data sekunder pemeriksaan biakan dan resistensi antibiotika dengan hasil isolat MRSA. Data karakteristik subyek dengan isolat MRSA meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, jenis kasus dan data isolat MRSA meliputi jumlah, jenis spesimen dan asal spesimen. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah isolat MRSA 32%. Gedung A lantai 7 merupakan ruangan asal isolat MRSA terbanyak dan sebagian besar merupakan ruang perawatan kasus Ilmu penyakit dalam. Spesimen terbanyak isolat MRSA berasal dari pus dan sebagian besar akibat infeksi kulit dan jaringan lunak. Evaluasi dan pemantauan penggunaan antibiotika perlu dilakukan untuk mengendalikan dan mencegah peningkatan angka kejadian MRSA

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI NUMERASI DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT (PISA)

This study aims to reveal deeper numeracy literacy skills in solving the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) questions. This research was conducted at SMAS Cerdas Murni Tembung in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The research subjects consisted of 28 students of class X MIPA-1. The research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The research instruments used were PISA test questions and interviews. The results showed that 44% of student were able to fulfill the ability indicators in using syimbols, numbers, and calculate mathematical operations contained in questions at levels 1, 4, and 5. In the indicator of the ability to analyze information from tables, graphs, diagrams, schematics, etc., it was obtained that 57,1% of students were able to solve PISA level 3. As well as indicators of skills in applying concepts as well as making decisions contained in level 2 and level 6 questions, 42,3% of students were able to meet these indicators. So that, the overall numeracy literacy ability of class X MIPA-1 students can be categorized as lacking in solving the Program For International Student Assessment (PISA) questions

Analisis Efisiensi Ekonomi pada Budidaya Jamur Kancing (Agaricus Bisporus) di Kecamatan Sukapura Kabupaten Probolinggo

Teknologi yang berbeda pada budidaya jamur kancing menyebabkan perbedaan pada penggunaan faktor produksi dan biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan. Sehingga petani harus mengatur penggunaan input yang tersedia baik secara kuantitas maupun biaya untuk menghasilkan output tertentu. Alokasi input untuk menghasilkan output berkaitan dengan tingkat efisiensi yang dicapai petani baik secara teknis maupun ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis 1) Faktor produksi apa saja yang berpengaruh pada kuantitas produksi, 2) Tingkat efisiensi teknis, 3) Komponen biaya produksi yang berpengaruh terhadap biaya produksi, dan 4) Tingkat efisiensi ekonomi pada budiaya jamur kancing. Penelitian dilakukan di lima desa yang ada di Kecamatan Sukapura yaitu Desa Ngadirejo, Wonokerto, Ngadas, Jetak, dan Ngadisari. Metode sensus digunakan untuk menetapkan responden. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 3 tahapan analisis data yaitu spesifikasi model dengan menggunakan fungsi Cobb Douglas Stochastic Frontier, estimasi fungsi produksi dan fungsi biaya Cobb Douglas Stochastic Frontier dan yang terakhir menghitung efisiensi teknis dan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan log media, tenga kerja, dan air merupakan faktor produksi yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi jamur kancing. 49 kumbung berada pada kategori efisiensi teknis tinggi. Harga log media, upah tenaga kerja, dan jumlah produksi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani. 50 kumbung berada pada kategori efisiensi ekonomi tingg

Effects of Selection on Morphological Characteristics in \u3ci\u3eSetaria sphacelata\u3c/i\u3e (Schumach.) Moss

Cattle production in Florida is limited by the lack of available warm-season forages adapted to the cool winters of the region. Setaria (S. sphacelata) has demonstrated green growth during cool conditions in subtropical climates around the world, and has the potential to fill this niche in cattle production in Florida. Four populations were selected in Gainesville and Ona, Florida: two cycles of selection for increased head number, one cycle for increased leaf width and one cycle for grazing tolerance. The objectives of this research were to compare these populations morphologically to determine changes due to selection. Selection for leaf width increased this trait while maintaining other morphological characteristics constant. Selection for head number decreased plant height and increased head number in each cycle, and decreased leaf width and inflorescence length in the second cycle. Selection for grazing regrowth resulted in reduced plant height and inflorescence length. Concern regarding susceptibility of Setaria to chinch bug and possible winter killing in Florida remain to be resolved before this species may be commercialized in Florida

Development of E-Learning Microsoft Sway as Innovation of Local Culture-Based Learning Media

The research aims to know the produce e-learning Microsoft sway based on the local culture and the effectiveness of the implementation of media in accounting and economics learning at Universitas PGRI Madiun. This research was conducted in Accounting Education Study Program and Economic Education Study Program of Universitas PGRI Madiun, uses research and development method. It was started by preliminary study, then continued with media development stage. The media developed was tested in the two study programs. The trial test result was analyzed, then based on the analysis result, the media and instrument were improved. Media that has been improved to be final media then re-implemented in learning in the two study programs. The results of research show that the development of e-learning microsoft sway based on local culture and the effectiveness of media implementation in economic and accounting learning at Universitas PGRI Madiun run smoothly and effectively, and give positive impact on learning process

Do large carnivores and mesocarnivores have redundant impacts on intertidal prey?

The presence of large carnivores can affect lower trophic levels by suppressing mesocarnivores and reducing their impacts on prey. The mesopredator release hypothesis therefore predicts prey abundance will be higher where large carnivores are present, but this prediction assumes limited dietary overlap between large and mesocarnivores. Where dietary overlap is high, e.g., among omnivorous carnivore species, or where prey are relatively easily accessible, the potential exists for large and mesocarnivores to have redundant impacts on prey, though this possibility has not been explored. The intertidal community represents a potentially important but poorly studied resource for coastal carnivore populations, and one for which dietary overlap between carnivores may be high. To evaluate usage of the intertidal community by coastal carnivores and the potential for redundancy between large and mesocarnivores, we surveyed (i) intertidal prey abundance (crabs and fish) and (ii) the abundance and activity of large carnivores (predominantly black bears) and mesocarnivores (raccoons and mink) in an area with an intact carnivore community in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Overall carnivore activity was strongly related to intertidal prey availability. Notably, this relationship was not contingent on carnivore species identity, suggestive of redundancy±high intertidal prey availability was associated with either greater large carnivore activity or greater mesocarnivore activity. We then compared intertidal prey abundances in this intact system, in which bears dominate, with those in a nearby system where bears and other large carnivores have been extirpated, and raccoons are the primary intertidal predator. We found significant similarities in intertidal species abundances, providing additional evidence for redundancy between large (bear) and mesocarnivore (raccoon) impacts on intertidal prey. Taken together, our results indicate that intertidal prey shape habitat use and competition among coastal carnivores, and raise the interesting possibility of redundancy between mesocarnivores and large carnivores in their role as intertidal top predators

Prevalensi Blood Borne Virus pada Pasien Hemodialisis Kronik di Instalasi Hemodialisis RSMH Palembang

Pasien hemodialisis kronik lebih berisiko untuk mendapat infeksi Blood Borne Virus (BBV) seperti hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dan HIV karena penggunaan akses vaskular berulang. Pada pasien hemodialisis terdapat tiga faktor risiko utama mempengaruhi terjadinya penularan infeksi BBV yaitu, riwayat transfusi darah, riwayat transplantasi ginjal, dan durasi hemodialisis. Prevalensi BBV pada pasien hemodialisis berkisar 12-29%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi BBV di lingkungan hemodialisis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional, dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari catatan medik pasien hemodialisis di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang periode 1 Januari 2013-31 Desember 2013. Dari 290 catatan medik pasien didapat 92 catatan medik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan 6 (6,5%) pasien terinfeksi HCV, 5 (5,4%) pasien terinfeksi HBV, 2 (2,2%) pasien terinfeksi HIV, dan tidak didapatkan pasien dengan koinfeksi. Pasien yang terinfeksi HBV dan HCV lebih banyak perempuan dari laki-laki. Infeksi Lebih banyak didapatkan pada pasien dengan riwayat transfusi darah. Rerata lama hemodialisis pasien yang terinfeksi lebih besar dibanding rerata pasien yang tidak terinfeksi dan rerata lama hemodialisis seluruh pasien. Pasien yang terinfeksi HBV dan HCV memiliki rerata usia lebih kecil dibanding dengan rerata usia pasien yang tidak terinfeksi. Prevalensi HCV pada pasien hemodialisis kronik di Instalasi Hemodialisis RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang adalah 6,5%, prevalensi HBV adalah 5,4%, dan prevalensi HIV adalah 2,2%. Pasien perempuan lebih banyak terinfeksi HBV dan HCV. Pasien dengan riwayat transfusi darah lebih banyak terinfeksi. Rerata lama hemodialisis pasien terinfeksi lebih lama dibanding pasien yang tidak terinfeksi

Pola Gambaran Darah Tepi pada Penderita Leukimia di Laboratorium Klinik RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Leukemia merupakan keganasan hematologi yang disebabkan oleh faktor imunologi, genetik, virus, dan zat kimia. Leukemia dibedakan menjadi leukemia mieloblastik akut (LMA), leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA), leukemia mielositik kronik (LMK), dan leukemia limfositik kronik (LLK). Diagnosis awal leukemia dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan darah lengkap dan gambaran darah tepi (GDT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pola GDT pada penderita leukemia di laboratorium klinik RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang pada 98 penderita yang mengalami leukemia berdasarkan kesan pemeriksaan GDT di laboratorium klinik RSMH pada 1 Januari 2012–31 Desember 2012. Sebagian besar penderita leukemia adalah laki-laki. Penderita LMA terbanyak pada kelompok usia 31–40 tahun (27,3%), LLA terbanyak pada kelompok usia 1 bulan-10 tahun (46,2%), LMK terbanyak pada kelompok usia 21–30 tahun (23,3%), dan LLK terbanyak pada kelompok usia 51–60 tahun (100%). Pola GDT yang banyak ditemukan adalah eritrosit normokrom normositik; jumlah leukosit meningkat dan sel blas (+) pada LMA dan LLA; jumlah leukosit meningkat, sel blas (+), dan dijumpai disemua tahapan maturasi seri granulositik pada LMK; jumlah leukosit meningkat, limfosit (+), dan smudge cell pada LLK; jumlah trombosit menurun dan bentuk normal pada LMA, LLA, dan LLK; jumlah dan bentuk trombosit normal pada LMK dan LLK. Sebagian besar penderita leukemia mengalami anemia, leukositosis, dan trombositopenia. Pemeriksaan GDT merupakan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang penting untuk membantu diagnosis leukemia dan menilai respon pengobatan, sehingga diharapkan kesan hasil pemeriksaan GDT dapat tercatat dengan baik

Top (Toilet Otomatis Pasien): Rancang Bangun Inovasi Toilet Pada Tempat Tidur Pasien Muntaber Dan Kolera

Diarrhea and cholera are an infection of the digestive system with watery stools conditions that can not be controlled disposal. Current technology is just a simple bed with a hole in the center, or bipots. Because of these conditions we made TOP (Toilet Otomatis Pasien) which is an automatic toilet design with mass measurement technology. The main cause of death of patients is the lack of the amount of fluids in the body. By knowing the mass of feces, doctor can control body fluids and provide appropriate treatment. TOP extremely hygienic design with a channel that connect directly to a portable dump. TOP tools will help the medical world to handle muntaber and colera patient