Assessing anthropogenic pressures on stream communities: New modelling approaches based on macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages

International audienc

MISE EN ÉVIDENCE DE DEUX FONCTIONS LYSOSOMALES THYROIDIENNES EN MICROANALYSE PAR SONDE ÉLECTRONIQUE ET SPECTROMÉTRIE DES RAYONS X

Les lysosomes thyroïdiens ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une microsonde de Castaing couplée à un microscope électronique. Chez les souris témoins âgées l'iode est détecté dans des lysosomes homogènes de taille et de densité variables. Après traitement au gluconate d'aluminium certains lysosomes à contenu hétérogène renfermant de petits granules denses sont particulièrement riches en aluminium et en phosphore alors que l'halogène est présent dans la plupart des autres corps denses. L'exclusion mutuelle de l'iode et de l'aluminium au sein d'une même structure lysosomale suggère que deux types distincts de lysosomes soient le siège de ces deux fonctions fondamentales.Thyroid lysosomes have been studied by means of EPMA combined with an electron microscope. In aged control mice iodine is observed in homogeneouslysosomes variing in size and density. After treatment with aluminium gluconate some lysosomes have an heterogeneous content including small dark granules in which aluminium and phosphorus are evidenced whereas halogen is observed in most of the other dense bodies. The exclusion of both iodine and aluminium in an even dense body suggests that those two fundamental functions occur in two different types of lysosomes

chirurgie préimplantaire dans le service d’Odontologie du C.H.U de Dijon

Le service d’odontologie du C.H.U de Dijon propose aux praticiens libéraux de la région une activité de recours pour certains actes, parmi lesquels figure la chirurgie préimplantaire. si l’ on considère les protocoles proposés au patient en cette matière pour sa prise en charge, on trouvera essentiellement la greffe par apposition, avec prélèvement autogène, et le soulevé de sinus avec comblement (et/ou sans prélèvement). Après la présentation des indications retenues, des étapes préopératoires et des particularités propres à ces différentes techniques, une présentation de notre activité de chirurgie préimplantaire, en chiffres et graphiques, clôturera cet exposé

Assessing anthropogenic pressures on stream communities: New modelling approaches based on traits of macroinvertebrates, diatoms and fishes

International audienc

Linking Micropollutants to Trait Syndromes across Freshwater Diatom, Macroinvertebrate, and Fish Assemblages

The ecological quality of freshwater ecosystems is endangered by various micropollutants released into the environment by human activities. The cumulative effects of these micropollutants can affect the fitness of organisms and populations and the functional diversity of stream ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the joint toxicity of micropollutants and trait syndromes. A trait syndrome corresponds to a combination of traits that could occur together in communities due to the trait selection driven by exposure to these micropollutants. Our objectives were to (i) identify trait syndromes specific to diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages and their responses to exposure, taking into account four micropollutant types (mineral micropollutants, pesticides, PAHs, and other organic micropollutants) and nine modes of action (only for pesticides), (ii) explore how these syndromes vary within and among the three biological compartments, (iii) investigate the trait categories driving the responses of syndromes to micropollutant exposure, and (iv) identify specific taxa, so-called paragons, which are highly representative of these syndromes. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed a dataset including the biological and physico-chemical results of 2007 sampling events from a large-scale monitoring survey routinely performed in French wadeable streams. We have identified five (diatoms), eight (macroinvertebrates), and eight (fishes) trait syndromes, either positively or negatively related to an increasing toxicity gradient of different clusters of micropollutant types or modes of action. Our analyses identified several key trait categories and sets of paragons, exhibiting good potential for highlighting exposure by specific micropollutant types and modes of action. Overall, trait syndromes might represent a novel and integrative bioassessment tool, driven by the diversity of trait-based responses to increasing gradients of micropollutant toxic cocktail

Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Time Among Tertiary Workers: Position Stand From the French National ONAPS

The modernization of our societies has resulted in a steady increase in service industry occupations tertiarization), which have favored increased sedentary time, while reducing occupational physical activity. In less than 50 years, the United States has increased sedentary professions by about 20%, with a parallel decline in professions requiring physical labor.1 At the same time, French workers spend approximately 10 hours per day sitting without active breaks on work days and about 7.6 hours per day sitting on nonworking days.2 Due to the amount of time that people spend at work, the workplace is now recognized as an opportune setting for promoting an active lifestyle and for developing strategies to reduce sedentary time.3 Although there has been a growing body of literature proposing such strategies over the past 10 years, it is difficult to draw conclusions from this work due to the heterogeneity in research methods and the lack of robust statistical analyses.4,5 Moreover, such workplace intervention strategies appear to suffer from high attrition, as well as a lack of proven sustainability.6,7 Because there is an urgent need to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time during work time, the French National Conservatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS) recently dedicated its annual congress (January 29–30, 2019 in Vichy, France) to this important public health issue. The congress convened an expert panel comprising scientists, public health specialists, occupational physicians, ergonomists, as well as both workers and their employers to examine strategies for improving workplace health. This commentary summarizes the initial conclusions of this expert panel and details the main findings and recommendations regarding the promotion of physical activity and reduction of sedentary time among tertiaryemployees