Impact of Gd doping on morphology and superconductivity of NbN sputtered thin films

We report effect of Gd inclusion in the NbN superconductor thin films. The films are deposited on single crystalline Silicon (100) by DC reactive sputtering technique i.e., deposition of Nb and Gd in presence of reactive N2 gas. The fabricated relatively thick films (400 nm) are crystallized in cubic structure. These films are characterized for their morphology, elemental analysis and roughness by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. The optimized film (maximum Tc) is achieved with gas ratio of Ar:N2 (80:20) for both pristine and Gd doped films. The optimized NbN film possesses Tc (R=0) in zero and 140kOe fields are at 14.8K and 8.8K respectively. The Gd doped NbN film showed Tc (R=0) in zero and 130kOe fields at 11.2K and 6.8 K respectively. The upper critical field Hc2(0) of the studied superconducting films is calculated from the magneto-transport [R(T)H] measurements using GL equations. It is found that Gd doping deteriorated the superconducting performance of NbN.Comment: 14 pages Text+Figs: comments/suggestions ([email protected])/www.freewebs.com/vpsawana

Colonial intervention and urban transformation : a case study of Shahjahanabad / Old Delhi

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Microstructural Analysis In Processing Of The High‐Tc Superconductor Ba2YCu3O7‐x In Air

In the synthesis of the superconducting compound Ba2YCu3O7‐x from a stoichiometric mixture containing BaCO3, Y2O3, and CuO In air, a low‐melting liquid phase is formed at about 890°C. The liquid phase was identified as a ternary eutectic located within the compatibility triangle Ba2YCu3O7‐x–BaCuO2–CuO. The implication of this finding for the processing of Ba2YCu3O7‐x is discussed. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

On the Nonlinear Impulsive Ψ\Psi--Hilfer Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear $\Psi$-Hilfer impulsive fractional differential equation. Our main objective is to derive the formula for the solution and examine the existence and uniqueness of results. The acquired results are extended to the nonlocal $\Psi$-Hilfer impulsive fractional differential equation. We gave an applications to the outcomes we procured. Further, examples are provided in support of the results we got.Comment: 2

Morphophysiological variations in two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic zones

The present investigation is a comparative study of the morphological and physiological characteristics of two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic regions. A psychrophilic strain Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Leh (Ladakh) - a cold desert in J & K (India) was able to grow upto 4°C and other one was a  mesophilic Penicillium citrinum, isolated from Lucknow (U.P.), India, was able to grow upto 35°C. The Fungal Taxonomical classification of both the strains was primarily based on the morphology of hyphae, spores, and spore-bearing (conidial) structures of isolates. The ITS region of 18s rDNA was successfully amplified using universal primers ITS4 & ITS5 for molecular identification fungal isolates. The Psychrophilic strain was identified as Penicillium oxalicum (accession no. KR150256) and mesophilic strain as Penicillium citrinum (accession no. KR150257). Physiological studies pertaining to preference of growth temperature and nutritional (C, N) conditions on the growth of both the Penicillium strains was studied to understand their physiology response. The study revealed interesting results regarding the growth and reproductive behaviour of both Penicillium strains adapted to different climatic zones. The temperature range of 4-25°C was found to be optimum range for growth of Psychrophilic Penicillium oxalicum. However, maximum growth of the psychrophilic strain was achieved at 15°C at acidic pH 4.0. The mycelial growth of mesophilic P. citrinum occurred between 15-35°C at acidic pH 5.0; but its optimum growth was obtained between 25-30°C.  The best carbon source for the growth of P. oxalicum was glucose, followed by sucrose. On the other hand, the best carbon source for the growth of P. citrinum was found to be sucrose, followed by glucose. The best nitrogen source for growth of P. oxalicum was found to be sodium nitrate, followed by organic nitrogen glycine, and L-tryptophan. On the contrary, P. citrinum could grow well in the presence........