54 research outputs found
Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world
Assessments of ecosystem service and function losses of wetlandscapes (i.e., wetlands and their hydrological catchments) suffer from knowledge gaps regarding impacts of ongoing hydro-climatic change. This study investigates hydro-climatic changes during 1976â2015 in 25 wetlandscapes distributed across the worldâs tropical, arid, temperate and cold climate zones. Results show that the wetlandscapes were subject to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) changes consistent with mean changes over the worldâs land area. However, arid and cold wetlandscapes experienced higher T increases than their respective climate zone. Also, average P decreased in arid and cold wetlandscapes, contrarily to P of arid and cold climate zones, suggesting that these wetlandscapes are located in regions of elevated climate pressures. For most wetlandscapes with available runoff (R) data, the decreases were larger in R than in P, which was attributed to aggravation of climate change impacts by enhanced evapotranspiration losses, e.g. caused by land-use changes
Publisher Correction: Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world (Scientific Reports, (2021), 11, 1, (2754), 10.1038/s41598-021-81137-3)
In the original version of this Article, V. H. Rivera-Monroy was incorrectly affiliated with âAlexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute, Calle 28 A No. 15-09, BogotĂĄ, DC, 70803, Colombiaâ. The correct affiliation is listed below. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA As a result, Affiliations 22â27 were incorrectly listed as Affiliations 21â26 respectively. The original Article has been corrected
Overview: Recent advances in the understanding of the northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China â a Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) programme perspective
The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Science Plan, released in 2015, addressed a need for a holistic system understanding and outlined the most urgent research needs for the rapidly changing Arctic-boreal region. Air quality in China, together with the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants, was also indicated as one of the most crucial topics of the research agenda. These two geographical regions, the northern Eurasian Arctic-boreal region and China, especially the megacities in China, were identified as a âPEEX regionâ. It is also important to recognize that the PEEX geographical region is an area where science-based policy actions would have significant impacts on the global climate. This paper summarizes results obtained during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, together with recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China, in the context of the PEEX programme. The main regions of interest are the Russian Arctic, northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands, and the megacities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in the PEEX Science Plan in 2015. We summarize recent progress towards an enhanced holistic understanding of the landâatmosphereâocean systems feedbacks. We conclude that although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, the new results are in many cases insufficient, and there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climateâEarth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures, especially the lack of coordinated, continuous and comprehensive in situ observations of the study region as well as integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, especially âthe enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate climate changeâ and the âsocio-economic development to tackle air quality issuesâ
Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): Towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land-Atmosphere-ocean-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region
The northern Eurasian regions and Arctic Ocean will very likely undergo substantial changes during the next decades. The Arctic-boreal natural environments play a crucial role in the global climate via albedo change, carbon sources and sinks as well as atmospheric aerosol production from biogenic volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, it is expected that global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources will be increasing in the Arctic regions. There is a need for a novel research approach, which not only identifies and tackles the relevant multi-disciplinary research questions, but also is able to make a holistic system analysis of the expected feedbacks. In this paper, we introduce the research agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX), a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 (https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/). PEEX sets a research approach by which large-scale research topics are investigated from a system perspective and which aims to fill the key gaps in our understanding of the feedbacks and interactions between the land-Atmosphere-Aquatic-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region. We introduce here the state of the art for the key topics in the PEEX research agenda and present the future prospects of the research, which we see relevant in this context
Towards an advanced observation system for the marine Arctic in the framework of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX)
The Arctic marine climate system is changing rapidly, which is seen in the warming of the
ocean and atmosphere, decline of sea ice cover, increase in river discharge,
acidification of the ocean, and changes in marine ecosystems. Socio-economic
activities in the coastal and marine Arctic are simultaneously changing. This
calls for the establishment of a marine Arctic component of the Pan-Eurasian
Experiment (MA-PEEX). There is a need for more in situ observations on the
marine atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean, but increasing the amount of such
observations is a pronounced technological and logistical challenge. The
SMEAR (Station for Measuring EcosystemâAtmosphere Relations) concept can be
applied in coastal and archipelago stations, but in the Arctic Ocean it will
probably be more cost-effective to further develop a strongly distributed
marine observation network based on autonomous buoys, moorings, autonomous
underwater vehicles (AUVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These have to
be supported by research vessel and aircraft campaigns, as well as various
coastal observations, including community-based ones. Major manned drifting
stations may occasionally be comparable to terrestrial SMEAR flagship
stations. To best utilize the observations, atmosphereâocean reanalyses need
to be further developed. To well integrate MA-PEEX with the existing
terrestrialâatmospheric PEEX, focus is needed on the river discharge and
associated fluxes, coastal processes, and atmospheric transports in
and out of the marine Arctic. More observations and research are also needed
on the specific socio-economic challenges and opportunities in the marine and
coastal Arctic, and on their interaction with changes in the climate and
environmental system. MA-PEEX will promote international collaboration;
sustainable marine meteorological, sea ice, and oceanographic observations;
advanced data management; and multidisciplinary research on the marine Arctic
and its interaction with the Eurasian continent.</p
Publisher Correction: Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world
Assessments of ecosystem service and function losses of wetlandscapes (i.e., wetlands and their hydrological catchments) suffer from knowledge gaps regarding impacts of ongoing hydro-climatic change. This study investigates hydro-climatic changes during 1976â2015 in 25 wetlandscapes distributed across the worldâs tropical, arid, temperate and cold climate zones. Results show that the wetlandscapes were subject to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) changes consistent with mean changes over the worldâs land area. However, arid and cold wetlandscapes experienced higher T increases than their respective climate zone. Also, average P decreased in arid and cold wetlandscapes, contrarily to P of arid and cold climate zones, suggesting that these wetlandscapes are located in regions of elevated climate pressures. For most wetlandscapes with available runoff (R) data, the decreases were larger in R than in P, which was attributed to aggravation of climate change impacts by enhanced evapotranspiration losses, e.g. caused by land-use changes
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