Enantiomerically Pure [2.2]Paracyclophane-4-thiol: A Planar Chiral Sulfur-Based Building Block Readily Available by Resolution with an Amino Acid Chiral Auxiliary

Acyl chloride of N-phthaloyl-(S)-isoleucine is an efficient chiral auxiliary for the resolution of (+/-)-[2.2]paracyclophane-4-thiol. A preparative protocol, based on the conversion into diastereoisomeric thiolesters and separation by two fractional crystallizations and column chromatography, was developed. Deprotection with LiAlH4 allowed isolation of the individual thiol enantiomers in good yield (similar to 40%) and high enantiomeric purity (ee >93%). The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the optical rotation value of the products with literature data and were confirmed by X-ray crystallography

Response of Soil Respiration to Soil Temperature and Moisture in a 50-Year-Old Oriental Arborvitae Plantation in China

China possesses large areas of plantation forests which take up great quantities of carbon. However, studies on soil respiration in these plantation forests are rather scarce and their soil carbon flux remains an uncertainty. In this study, we used an automatic chamber system to measure soil surface flux of a 50-year-old mature plantation of Platycladus orientalis at Jiufeng Mountain, Beijing, China. Mean daily soil respiration rates (Rs) ranged from 0.09 to 4.87 µmol CO2 m−2s−1, with the highest values observed in August and the lowest in the winter months. A logistic model gave the best fit to the relationship between hourly Rs and soil temperature (Ts), explaining 82% of the variation in Rs over the annual cycle. The annual total of soil respiration estimated from the logistic model was 645±5 g C m−2 year−1. The performance of the logistic model was poorest during periods of high soil temperature or low soil volumetric water content (VWC), which limits the model's ability to predict the seasonal dynamics of Rs. The logistic model will potentially overestimate Rs at high Ts and low VWC. Seasonally, Rs increased significantly and linearly with increasing VWC in May and July, in which VWC was low. In the months from August to November, inclusive, in which VWC was not limiting, Rs showed a positively exponential relationship with Ts. The seasonal sensitivity of soil respiration to Ts (Q10) ranged from 0.76 in May to 4.38 in October. It was suggested that soil temperature was the main determinant of soil respiration when soil water was not limiting

Soil Respiration in Relation to Photosynthesis of Quercus mongolica Trees at Elevated CO2

Knowledge of soil respiration and photosynthesis under elevated CO2 is crucial for exactly understanding and predicting the carbon balance in forest ecosystems in a rapid CO2-enriched world. Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour seedlings were planted in open-top chambers exposed to elevated CO2 (EC = 500 µmol mol−1) and ambient CO2 (AC = 370 µmol mol−1) from 2005 to 2008. Daily, seasonal and inter-annual variations in soil respiration and photosynthetic assimilation were measured during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. EC significantly stimulated the daytime soil respiration by 24.5% (322.4 at EC vs. 259.0 mg CO2 m−2 hr−1 at AC) in 2007 and 21.0% (281.2 at EC vs. 232.6 mg CO2 m−2 hr−1 at AC) in 2008, and increased the daytime CO2 assimilation by 28.8% (624.1 at EC vs. 484.6 mg CO2 m−2 hr−1 at AC) across the two growing seasons. The temporal variation in soil respiration was positively correlated with the aboveground photosynthesis, soil temperature, and soil water content at both EC and AC. EC did not affect the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. The increased daytime soil respiration at EC resulted mainly from the increased aboveground photosynthesis. The present study indicates that increases in CO2 fixation of plants in a CO2-rich world will rapidly return to the atmosphere by increased soil respiration

Recherches sur le traitement des mammites des Vaches laitières par la pénicilline

Verge Jean, Saurat Pierre, Groulade Paul, Gaumont R., Renard Pierre, Cauchy Laurent. Recherches sur le traitement des mammites des Vaches laitières par la pénicilline. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 101 n°9, 1948. pp. 355-360

Hybrid macroporous Pd catalytic discs for 4- nitroaniline hudrogenation: contribution of the alginate-tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquid support

International audienc

Transition Metal–Free Stereospecific Access to (E)-(1-fluoro-2-arylvinyl)phosphine Borane Complexes

International audienc