Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from the Research Center Nataima (Tolima-Colombia)

P?ginas 11-18En el Centro de Investigaci?n Nataima (Tolima, Colombia) durante abril y mayo de 2009 se realiz? un inventario de las mariposas diurnas presentes en cuatro diferentes lotes cultivados. Se coleccionaron 209 individuos pertenecientes a seis familias y 26 especies; Anartia jatrophae fue la m?s abundante (15 %). En el caso de Siproeta stelenes su abudancia es debida a las preferencias alimenticias de los adultos, mientras que para A. jatrophae, por su capacidad de desplazar otras especies de mariposas. El an?lisis de rarefacci?n demostr? que el n?mero de especies registrado no se aproxima a la riqueza real (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7, p < 0.001), por lo que es necesario muestreos intensivos. Los valores de riqueza y diversidad fueron mayores en los lotes con vegetaci?n m?s heterog?nea. Los an?lisis de similaridad de Jaccard evindencian una baja afinidad (<21 %) en la comunidad de mariposas entre los lotes y ?pocas evaludas (abril y mayo).ABSTRACT. A survey of diurnal butterflies was carried out in four different crops, in the Nataima Research Center (Tolima, Colombia) during April and May 2009. A total of 209 specimens belonging to six families and 26 species were collected, Anartia jatrophae was the most abundant (15 %). The abundance of Siproeta stelenes is due to food preferences by adults, meanwhile A. jatrophae?s is because of its ability to displace other species of butterflies. The rarefaction analysis showed that the number of recorded species does not approach the real richness (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7 p<0.001), requiring more intensive sampling. The richness and diversity values were higher in crops with more heterogeneous vegetation. Jaccard similarity analyses demonstrated a low affinity (<21 %) in the community of butterflies among the lots and periods evaluated (April and May)

Estrategias participativas para la escuela de padres de los estudiantes del grado 5-1 de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Ni?a Mar?a del Municipio Fresno - Tolima

134 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n se ocupa de valorar el nivel de participaci?n de los padres de familia en el proceso educativo de los estudiantes del grado 5-1 de la Jornada Tarde de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Ni?a Mar?a del Municipio de Fresno - Tolima, contrast?ndolo con el cumplimiento de los estudiantes en actividades y tareas extraescolares, el rendimiento acad?mico y a partir de este an?lisis, proponer estrategias participativas como la escuela de padres con el fin de vincular a los mismos en las actividades escolares y formativas de sus hijos, mejorando as? la relaci?n existente entre familia - escuela que se ha visto afectada por la poca comunicaci?n que se genera en estos ambientes. Es por ello que se hace necesario realizar un trabajo investigativo en donde se toman como instrumentos la entrevista grupal aplicada a los estudiantes del grado 5-1, las encuestas aplicadas a los docentes del grado en referencia, as? como a padres de familia, desde los cuales se puede construir una propuesta de transformaci?n necesaria y pertinente entre escuela y familia, para el beneficio en la formaci?n intelectual, social, moral y volitiva de los estudiantes de este grado. Palabras Clave: Rendimiento Escolar, Escuela de Padres, Estrategias participativas.This research work is concerned with assessing the level of participation of parents in the educational process of students in grade 5-1 of the Afternoon Journey of the Technical Educational Institution of Ni?a Mar?a in the Municipality of Fresno - Tolima, contrasting it with students 'compliance with extracurricular activities and tasks, academic performance and, based on this analysis, propose participatory strategies such as the parents' school in order to link them to their children's school and training activities, thus improving the relationship existing between family - school that has been affected by the little communication that is generated in these environments. That is why it is necessary to carry out a research work where the group interview applied to students of grade 5-1 is taken as an instrument, the surveys applied to the teachers of the grade in reference, as well as to parents, from the which can be constructed a proposal of necessary and pertinent transformation between school and family, for the benefit in the intellectual, social, moral and volitional formation of the students of this degree. Keywords: School Performance, Parent School, Participatory Strategies

Exosomes in head and neck cancer. Updating and revisiting

Exosomes have gone from being considered simple containers of intracellular waste substances to be considered important carriers of cellular signals. Its broad capacity to promote tumour growth, both in situ and metastatic, has greatly intensified scientific research on them. In the same way and depending on its content, its tumour suppressive properties have opened a window of light and hope in the fight against cancer. In the present review we try to gather in a simple and understandable way the most relevant knowledge to date on the role of exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma, helping to understand their process of formation, release and activity on the tumour microenvironment

Effect of antiseptic gels in the microbiologic colonization of the suture threads after oral surgery

Three different bioadhesive gels were evaluated in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which microbial growth in the suture thread was assessed following post-surgical application of the aforementioned gels. Also assessed in this trial were, the intensity of post-surgical pain as well as the degree of healing of the patients' surgical wounds. A total of 21 patients (with 42 wisdom teeth) participated in this trial. Chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine-chitosan gel, and hyaluronic acid gel were evaluated, with a neutral water-based gel serving as the control agent. The aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial recovery on blood agar was lower in the placebo group than in the experimental groups. The most significant difference (p = 0.04) was observed in the chlorhexidine-chitosan group. in which the growth of Blood Agar and Mitis Salivarius Agar was significantly higher than in the placebo group. The intensity of post-surgical pain was very similar among all the groups. Significantly better healing rates were observed in the patients treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan gel when compared with those who used the placebo gel (p = 0.03), and in particular when compared with those patients who used hyaluronic acid gel (p = 0.01). Through our microbiological analyses, we were able to conclude that none of the bioadhesive gels tested resulted in beneficial reductions in the bacterial/fungal populations. However, the healing rates of patients who were treated with chlorhexidine-chitosan were better than those of the patients who used either the placebo gel or the hyaluronic acid gel

A multi-wavelength view of the central kiloparsec region in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy NGC1614

The Luminous Infrared Galaxy NGC1614 hosts a prominent circumnuclear ring of star formation. However, the nature of the dominant emitting mechanism in its central ~100 pc is still under debate. We present sub-arcsecond angular resolution radio, mid-infrared, Pa-alpha, optical, and X-ray observations of NGC1614, aimed at studying in detail both the circumnuclear ring and the nuclear region. The 8.4 GHz continuum emission traced by the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Gemini/T-ReCS 8.7 micron emission, as well as the Pa-alpha line emission, show remarkable morphological similarities within the star-forming ring, suggesting that the underlying emission mechanisms are tightly related. We used an HST/NICMOS Pa-alpha map of similar resolution to our radio maps to disentangle the thermal free-free and non-thermal synchrotron radio emission, from which we obtained the intrinsic synchrotron power-law for each individual region within the central kpc of NGC1614. The radio ring surrounds a relatively faint, steep-spectrum source at the very center of the galaxy, suggesting that the central source is not powered by an AGN, but rather by a compact (r < 90 pc) starburst. Chandra X-ray data also show that the central kpc region is dominated by starburst activity, without requiring the existence of an AGN. We also used publicly available infrared data to model-fit the spectral energy distribution of both the starburst ring and a putative AGN in NGC1614. In summary, we conclude that there is no need to invoke an AGN to explain the observed bolometric properties of the galaxy.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap

Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards

Previous studies have documented that, relative to conventional tillage (CT), alternative soil management (reduced tillage, mulching, or cover crops) decreases soil erosion and increases soil organic matter (SOM) in vineyards. These previous studies, however, failed to consider the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) with erosion that could occur with the adoption of agro-environmental measures (AEM) in a semiarid environment. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to determine whether changes in SOC content under AEM management are always positive and to develop a conceptual model for estimating the "SOC threshold". The SOC threshold was defined as that level of SOC in an AEM-managed vineyard above which erosion will result in greater loss of C than occur in a comparable vineyard with CT management. SOC was analyzed at a 100 paired sites (vineyards with AEM management vs. CT). The results showed that in some cases the loss of C was higher with AEM than with CT. Overall, the results indicate that the SOC threshold may be a key parameter in determining the best AEM measures for vineyards that are on slopes and therefore vulnerable to erosion

Semaphorin4A-Plexin D1 Axis Induces Th2 and Th17 While Represses Th1 Skewing in an Autocrine Manner

Semaphorin (Sema)4A is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is elevated in several autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Sema4A has a key role in the regulation of Thelper Th1 and Th2 differentiation and we recently demonstrated that CD4(+) T cell activation induces the expression of Sema4A. However, the autocrine role of Sema4A on Th cell differentiation remains unknown. Naive Th cells from healthy controls were cell sorted and differentiated into Th1, Th2 and Th17 in the presence or absence of a neutralizing antibody against the Sema4A receptor PlexinD1. Gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR and protein expression by ELISA and flow cytometry. We found that the expression of Sema4A is induced during Th1, Th2 and Th17 differentiation. PlexinD1 neutralization induced the differentiation of Th1 cells, while reduced the Th2 and Th17 skewing. These effects were associated with an upregulation of the transcription factor T-bet by Th1 cells, and to downregulation of GATA3 and RORgammat in Th2 cells and Th17 cells, respectively. Finally, PlexinD1 neutralization regulates the systemic sclerosis patients serum-induced cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, the autocrine Sema4A-PlexinD1 signaling acts as a negative regulator of Th1 skewing but is a key mediator on Th2 and Th17 differentiation, suggesting that dysregulation of this axis might be implicated in the pathogenesis of CD4(+) T cell-mediated diseases