A Model for QCD at High Density and Large Quark Mass

We study the high density region of QCD within an effective model obtained in the frame of the hopping parameter expansion and choosing Polyakov type of loops as the main dynamical variables representing the fermionic matter. To get a first idea of the phase structure, the model is analyzed in strong coupling expansion and using a mean field approximation. In numerical simulations, the model still shows the so-called sign problem, a difficulty peculiar to non-zero chemical potential, but it permits the development of algorithms which ensure a good overlap of the Monte Carlo ensemble with the true one. We review the main features of the model and present calculations concerning the dependence of various observables on the chemical potential and on the temperature, in particular of the charge density and the diquark susceptibility, which may be used to characterize the various phases expected at high baryonic density. We obtain in this way information about the phase structure of the model and the corresponding phase transitions and cross over regions, which can be considered as hints for the behaviour of non-zero density QCD.Comment: 21 pages, 29 figure

Effects of dietary protein restriction on albumin and fibrinogen synthesis in macroalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients

n/

Regulatory T-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: actor or innocent bystander?

Abstract: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are now under extensive investigation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This small subset of T-cells has been, in fact, considered to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of CLL. However, whether Treg dysregulation in CLL plays a key role or it rather represents a simple epiphenomenon is still matter of debate. In the former case, Treg cells could be appealing for targeting therapies. Finally, Treg cells have also been proposed as a prognostic indicator of the disease clinical course

A brief overview on valorization of industrial tomato by-products using the biorefinery cascade approach

The industrial processing of tomato leads to substantial amounts of residues, typically known as tomato pomace or by-products, which can represent as much as 10% by weight of fresh tomatoes. At present, these residues are either used as feedstock for animals or, in the worst case, disposed of in landfills. This represents a significant waste because tomato pomace contains high-value compounds like lycopene, a powerful antioxidant, cutin, which can be used as a starting material for biopolymers, and pectin, a gelling agent. This article presents an overview of technologies that valorize tomato by-products by recovering added-value compounds as well as generating fuel for energy production. These technologies include operations for extraction, separation, and exploitation of lycopene, cutin and pectin, as well as the processes for conversion of the solid residues to fuels. Data collected from the review has been used to develop a biorefinery scheme with the related mass flow balance, for a scenario involving the tomato supply chain of Regione Campania in Italy, using tomato by-products as feedstock

Evaluation of Clinico-Pathological Alterations Including Some Leukocyte Ratios and Survival Rate in Dogs with IMHA Transfused and Not Transfused: A Retrospective Study

Immune-mediated hemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is a common hematological disorder in dogs. It can be primary or secondary and it is characterized by anti-RBC antibodies production. IMHA requires a detailed diagnostic pathway as well as a complex therapeutic approach that can include blood transfusion. Unfortunately, IMHA presents a high mortality rate, especially within 15 days after onset. This retrospective study evaluated: a) the clinical and clinico-pathological alterations that influenced the choice to perform a blood transfusion in an IMHA patient; b) if blood transfusion could be an additional therapeutic approach; c) application of leukocyte ratios in the prognosis. Sixty-seven cases of IMHA, both primary and secondary, admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital between May 2010 and July 2018, were included. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinico-pathological parameters and survival rate were collected. Patients were divided in two groups: 44 patients (IMHAnt) treated with immunosuppressive therapy alone (primary n=36, secondary n=8) and 23 patients (IMHAt), which received also a blood transfusion (primarily packed RBC) (primary n=16, secondary n=6). For all collected parameters, both groups were statistically compared. The IMHAt patients compared to IMHAnt patients (un-regarding to primary or secondary cause) presented: worse marks according to Tokyo Score System (TSS) (Chi Squared, p=0.003); a lower erythrocyte count (T-test, p=0.039), hemoglobin concentration (T-test, p=0.029) and platelet count (Mann-Withney, M-W, p=0.008); a higher value of band neutrophils (M-W, p=0.022), band neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (M-W, p=0.005), (band neutrophil/neutrophil) to lymphocyte ratio (M-W, p=0.006) and a lower value of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (M-W, p=0.013); a higher value of C-reactive protein (M-W, p=0.011) and activated partial thromboplastin time (M-W, p=0.014); and a lower survival rate at day 120 (Kaplan-Meyer, logrank, p=0.004) and not at 7, 15 and 30 days. Blood transfusions were performed based on the severity of clinical and clinico-pathological signs. IMHAt patients showed a more severe disease (according to TSS), a greater acute inflammatory condition and more coagulative defects. The high death rate among IMHAt patients at 120 days was related to their critical condition, which is probably why the desired benefit of blood transfusion wasn’t reached. However, a link between blood transfusions and the related worse clinical signs in IMHAt patients could not be ruled-out. Finally, the leukocyte ratios in dogs affected by IMHA were assessed for the first time so far and they were proven to be useful markers of acute inflammation and could have a prognostic value

Dietary fat differentially modulate the mRNA expression levels of oxidative mitochondrial genes in skeletal muscle of healthy subjects.

Background and aims: Different types of dietary fats exert differential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of different dietary fats on the expression of skeletal muscle genes regulating mitochondrial replication and function in healthy subjects. Methods and results: Ten healthy subjects (age 29±3 years; BMI 25.0±3kg/m2) received in a random order a test meal with the same energy content but different composition in macronutrients and quality of fat: Mediterranean (MED) meal, SAFA meal (Lipid 66%, saturated 36%) and MUFA meal (Lipid 63%, monounsaturated 37%). At fast and after 180min, a fine needle aspiration was performed from the vastus lateralis for determination of mitochondrial gene expression by quantitative PCR. No difference in glucose and triglyceride response was observed between the three meals, while NEFA levels were significantly higher following fat-rich meals compared to MED meal (p<0.002-0.0001). MED meal was associated with an increased expression, albeit not statistically significant, of some genes regulating both replication and function. Following MUFA meal, a significant increase in the expression of PGC1β (p=0.02) and a reduction in the transcription factor PPARδ (p=0.006) occurred with no change in the expression of COX and GLUT4 genes. In contrast, SAFA meal was associated with a marked reduction in the expression of COX (p<0.001) PFK (p<0.003), LPL (p=0.002) and GLUT4 (p=0.009) genes. Conclusion: Dietary fats differentially modulate gene transcriptional profile since saturated, but not monounsaturated fat, downregulate the expression of genes regulating muscle glucose transport and oxidation

A review of genetic epidemiology of head and neck cancer related to polymorphisms in metabolic genes, cell cycle control and alcohol metabolism

The purpose of this report is to review the relationship between genetic polymorphisms involved in carcinogen metabolism, alcohol metabolism and cell-cycle control with the risk of head and neck cancer. The review was performed on available studies on genetic polymorphisms and head and neck cancer (HNC) published in PubMed up to September 2011. 246 primary articles and 7 meta-analyses were published. Among these, a statistically significant association was reported for glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1) and human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) genes. An increased risk for HNC was also associated reported for P53 codon 72 Pro/Pro, ALDH2 and three variants of the ADH gene: ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH7 (rs1573496) and ADH1C (rs698)

TWO WEEKLY SESSIONS OF COMBINED AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE ARE SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

none10noThis study was performed to establish whether only 2 sessions per week of combined aerobic and resistance exercise are enough to reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) and to induce changes in skeletal muscle gene expression in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) subjects with metabolic syndrome. Eight DM2 subjects underwent a 1-yr exercise program consisting of 2 weekly sessions of 140 min that combined aerobic [at 55-70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max))] and resistance circuit training [at 60-80% of 1 repetition maximum (RM)]. The training significantly improved VO(2max) (from 33.5 +/- 3.8 ml/kg/min to 38.2 +/- 3.5 ml/kg/min, p=0.0085) and muscle strength (p<0.05). Changes over baseline were significant for HbA(1c), reduced by 0.45% (p=0.0084), fasting blood glucose (from 8.8 +/- 1.5 to 6.9 +/- 2.2 mmol/l, p=0.0132), waist circumference (from 98.9 +/- 4.8 to 95.9 +/- 4.6 cm, p=0.0054), body weight (from 87.5 +/- 10.7 to 85.7 +/- 10.1 kg, p=0.0375), systolic blood pressure (from 137 +/- 15 to 126 +/- 8 mmHg, p=0.0455), total cholesterol (from 220 +/- 24 to 184 +/- 13 mg/dl, p=0.0057), and LDL-cholesterol (from 150 +/- 16 to 105 +/- 15 mg/dl, p=0.0004). Mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio at 6 and 12 months did not change. There was a significant increase of mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma after 6 months of training (p=0.024); PPAR alpha mRNA levels were significantly increased at 6 (p=0.035) and 12 months (p=0.044). The mRNA quantification of other genes measured [mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MTCO2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb (COX5b), PPAR gamma coactivator l alpha (PGC1 alpha), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4), forkhead transcription factor BOX O1 (FOXO-1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)] did not show significant changes at 6 and 12 months. This study suggests that a twice-per-week frequency of exercise is sufficient to improve glucose control and the expression of skeletal muscle PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha in DM2 subjects with metabolic syndrome.openC. FATONE; M. GUESCINI; S. BALDUCCI; S. BATTISTONI; A. SETTEQUATTRINI; R. PIPPI; L. STOCCHI; M. MANTUANO; V. STOCCHI; P. DE FEOC., Fatone; Guescini, Michele; S., Balducci; S., Battistoni; A., Settequattrini; R., Pippi; L., Stocchi; Mantuano, Michela; Stocchi, Vilberto; P., DE FE

Cardiac surgery practice during the COVID-19 outbreak: A regionwide survey

Background: Health systems worldwide have been overburdened by the "COVID-19 surge". Consequently, strategies to remodulate non-COVID medical and surgical care had to be developed. Knowledge of the impact of COVID surge on cardiac surgery practice is mainstem. Present study aims to evaluate the regional practice pattern during lockdown in Campania. Methods: A multicenter regional observational 26-question survey was conducted, including all adult cardiac surgery units in Campania, Italy, to assess how surgical practice has changed during COVID-19 national lockdown. Results: All centers adopted specific protocols for screening patients and personnel. A significant reduction in the number of dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) beds (-30.0%±38.1%, range: 0-100%) and cardiac operating rooms (-22.2%±26.4%, range: 0-50%) along with personnel relocation to other departments was disclosed (anesthesiologists -5.8%±11.1%, range: 0-33.3%; perfusionists -5.6%±16.7%, range: 0-50%; nurses -4.8%±13.2%, range: 0-40%; cardiologists -3.2%±9.5%, range: 0-28.6%). Cardiac surgeons were never reallocated to other services. Globally, we witnessed dramatically lower adult cardiac surgery case volumes (335 vs. 667 procedures, P&lt;0.001), as institutions and surgeons followed guidelines to curtail non-urgent operations. Conclusions: This regional survey demonstrates major changes in practice as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this respect, this experience might lead to the development of permanent systems-based plans for future pandemic and may effectively help policy decision making when prioritizing healthcare resource reallocation during and after the pandemic