Structural Aspect of Formation of a Nanosystem of In/In₄Se₃ (100)

Self-assembled indium deposition-induced nanostructures are obtained on the UHV cleaved (100) surface of In₄Se₃ layered semiconductor crystals. The small indium-deposition rates and short deposition times are chosen to study growth orientation and origin of nanostructures observed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) on the (100) surface of In₄Se₃ after indium deposition. The shape of these nanostructures strictly depends on the overstoichiometric indium concentration level in the melt during the crystal growth varying from 3D islands for low concentration to elongated shapes, i.e., nanowires, in the case of highly-indium-doped crystals. High-resolution STM study determines the self-assembled quasi-periodical nanowires’ growth along c-axis of (100)In₄Se₃ substrate. The spatially resolved scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) study revealed metallic nature of the surface of nanostructures grown on the semiconductor substrate. The growth mechanism of indium-deposited nanostructures is considered to be powered by anisotropic striated lattice structure of In₄Se₃ (100) surface with indium nucleiin concentration depending on the degree of overstoichiometric crystal-growth indium subsequently intercalated into the interlayer gap.Самоорганизованные индиевые наноструктуры получены на сверхвысоковакуумной поверхности скалывания (100) полупроводникового слоистого кристалла In₄Se₃. Небольшие скорости и длительности напыления индия использовались с целью исследования ростовой ориентации и природы наноструктур на поверхности (100)In₄Se₃, которые изучались с помощью сканирующей туннельной микроскопии (СТМ). Форма этих наноструктур непосредственно зависит от концентрации сверхстехиометрического индия в расплаве во время роста кристалла, изменяясь от трёхмерных островков при низкой концентрации до линейных форм, т.е. нанопроводов, в случае сильно легированных индием кристаллов. СТМ з высоким разрешением позволяет установить, что квазипериодические нанопровода растут вдоль оси c кристалла In₄Se₃ на поверхности (100). С помощью сканирующей туннельной спектроскопии с пространственным разрешением установлена металлическая природа поверхностных наноструктур на полупроводниковой подкладке. Установлено, что механизм роста напылённых наноструктур обусловлен бороздчатой структурой решётки на поверхности (100) кристалла In₄Se₃ с наличием в ней зародышей индия в концентрации, зависящей от количества сверхстехиометрического ростового индия, который интеркалируется в межслоевую щель.Самоорганізовані індійові наноструктури одержано на надвисоковакуумній поверхні сколювання (100) напівпровідникового шаруватого кристалу In₄Se₃. Невеликі швидкості та тривалості напорошення індію вибиралися з метою дослідження ростової орієнтації та природи наноструктур на поверхні (100)In₄Se₃, які вивчали за допомогою сканувальної тунельної мікроскопії (СТМ). Форма цих наноструктур безпосередньо залежить від концентрації надстехіометричного індію в розтопі під час вирощування кристалу, змінюючись від тривимірних острівців за низької концентрації до лінійних форм, тобто нанодротів, у випадку сильно леґованих індієм кристалів. СТМ з високим розріжненням уможливлює встановити, що квазиперіодичні нанодроти ростуть вздовж осі c кристалу In₄Se₃ на поверхні (100). За допомогою сканувальної тунельної спектроскопії з просторовим розріжненням встановлено металічну природу поверхневих наноструктур на напівпровідниковій підкладинці. Встановлено, що механізм росту напорошених наноструктур зумовлений борознистою структурою ґратниці на поверхні (100) кристалу In₄Se₃ з наявністю у ній зародків індію у концентрації, яка залежить від кількости надстехіометричного ростового індію, що інтеркалюється у міжшарову щілину

Textbook Neoadjuvant Outcome—Novel Composite Measure of Oncological Outcomes among Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Multimodal Treatment

The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is expected to increase to 1.77 million cases by 2040. To improve treatment outcomes, GC patients are increasingly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to curative-intent resection. Although NAC enhances locoregional control and comprehensive patient care, survival rates remain poor, and further investigations should establish outcomes assessment of current clinical pathways. Individually assessed parameters have served as benchmarks for treatment quality in the past decades. The Outcome4Medicine Consensus Conference underscores the inadequacy of isolated metrics, leading to increased recognition and adoption of composite measures. One of the most simple and comprehensive is the “All or None” method, which refers to an approach where a specific set of criteria must be fulfilled for an individual to achieve the overall measure. This narrative review aims to present the rationale for the implementation of a novel composite measure, Textbook Neoadjuvant Outcome (TNO). TNO integrates five objective and well-established components: Treatment Toxicity, Laboratory Tests, Imaging, Time to Surgery, and Nutrition. It represents a desired, multidisciplinary care and hospitalization of GC patients undergoing NAC to identify the treatment- and patient-related data required to establish high-quality oncological care further. A key strength of this narrative review is the clinical feasibility and research background supporting the implementation of the first and novel composite measure representing the “ideal” and holistic care among patients with locally advanced esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) and GC in the preoperative period after NAC. Further analysis will correlate clinical outcomes with the prognostic factors evaluated within the TNO framework.</p

Textbook Neoadjuvant Outcome—Novel Composite Measure of Oncological Outcomes among Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Multimodal Treatment

The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is expected to increase to 1.77 million cases by 2040. To improve treatment outcomes, GC patients are increasingly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to curative-intent resection. Although NAC enhances locoregional control and comprehensive patient care, survival rates remain poor, and further investigations should establish outcomes assessment of current clinical pathways. Individually assessed parameters have served as benchmarks for treatment quality in the past decades. The Outcome4Medicine Consensus Conference underscores the inadequacy of isolated metrics, leading to increased recognition and adoption of composite measures. One of the most simple and comprehensive is the “All or None” method, which refers to an approach where a specific set of criteria must be fulfilled for an individual to achieve the overall measure. This narrative review aims to present the rationale for the implementation of a novel composite measure, Textbook Neoadjuvant Outcome (TNO). TNO integrates five objective and well-established components: Treatment Toxicity, Laboratory Tests, Imaging, Time to Surgery, and Nutrition. It represents a desired, multidisciplinary care and hospitalization of GC patients undergoing NAC to identify the treatment- and patient-related data required to establish high-quality oncological care further. A key strength of this narrative review is the clinical feasibility and research background supporting the implementation of the first and novel composite measure representing the “ideal” and holistic care among patients with locally advanced esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) and GC in the preoperative period after NAC. Further analysis will correlate clinical outcomes with the prognostic factors evaluated within the TNO framework.</p

From conformons to human brains: an informal overview of nonlinear dynamics and its applications in biomedicine

Methods of contemporary physics are increasingly important for biomedical research but, for a multitude of diverse reasons, most practitioners of biomedicine lack access to a comprehensive knowledge of these modern methodologies. This paper is an attempt to describe nonlinear dynamics and its methods in a way that could be read and understood by biomedical professionals who usually are not trained in advanced mathematics. After an overview of basic concepts and vocabulary of nonlinear dynamics, deterministic chaos, and fractals, application of nonlinear methods of biosignal analysis is discussed. In particular, five case studies are presented: 1. Monitoring the depth of anaesthesia and of sedation; 2. Bright Light Therapy and Seasonal Affective Disorder; 3. Analysis of posturographic signals; 4. Evoked EEG and photo-stimulation; 5. Influence of electromagnetic fields generated by cellular phones

Conversion electron spectroscopy at the fragment mass analyzer focal plane: Studies of isomeric decays near the proton drip line

The decays of seniority isomers in the N=82 nuclei Er150 and Yb152 and in their respective N=81 isotopes Er149 and Yb151 were studied following mass separation by the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer. Conversion electrons were detected with Si p-i-n diodes operated at room temperature. The low-energy isomeric transitions in Yb151,152 have been observed for the first time in the electron spectra. Multipolarity assignments were made for many of the decay rays of the four nuclei

A review of abnormalities in the perception of visual illusions in schizophrenia

Specific abnormalities of vision in schizophrenia have been observed to affect high-level and some low-level integration mechanisms, suggesting that people with schizophrenia may experience anomalies across different stages in the visual system affecting either early or late processing or both. Here, we review the research into visual illusion perception in schizophrenia and the issues which previous research has faced. One general finding that emerged from the literature is that those with schizophrenia are mostly immune to the effects of high-level illusory displays, but this effect is not consistent across all low-level illusions. The present review suggests that this resistance is due to the weakening of top–down perceptual mechanisms and may be relevant to the understanding of symptoms of visual distortion rather than hallucinations as previously thought

Safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for Acute ST elevation MI: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Clinical trials comparing thrombectomy devices with conventional percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have produced conflicting results. The objective of our study was to systematically evaluate currently available data comparing thrombectomy followed by PCI with conventional PCI alone in patients with acute STEMI