Identificación y chequeo de parentesco en la especie canina mediante análisis de ADN

Este trabajo presenta los primeros resultados en España de un estudio de identificación y chequeo de parentesco en la especie canina mediante microsatélites (polimorfismos del ADN). Para este trabajo se han utilizado 79 animales, 48 de los cuales no están emparentados y 31 que pertenecen a 3 familias, en los que Se han analizado 11 microsatélites. Los resultados indican la posibilidad de utilizar estos marcadores en test de paternidad con resultados altamente fiables (99%), si se utilizan más de 7 microsatélites.This work presents the first results in Spain of an study concerning identity and parentage test in dogs by microsatellites (ONA polymorphisms). 79 animals have been used for this work, (48 unrelated dogs and 31 dogs from 3 families). Our main conclusion is the necessity of using more than 7 microsatellites in arder to obtain results with 99% of garanty

Diagnóstico de Leishmaniosis canina mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) : un procedimiento simple para uso en la clínica

Para detectar la presencia de Leishmania ssp, en distintas muestras clínicas de perros sospechosos de padecer esta enfermedad, se ha utilizado la técnica PCR, amplificando para ello un fragmento del gen SSU rRNA, repetido más de 100 veces en el genoma del parásito. El método se ha optimizado para utilizarlo como método de rutina en la clínica. El procesado de las muestras es rápido y simple. El diagnóstico se ha realizado por presencia/ausencia del parásito, utilizando para ello muestras de sangre, médula ósea y ganglio linfático principalmente. En el caso de existir el parásito en el huésped se visualiza una banda nítida de un tamaño de 603 bp y en el caso de que el parásito esté ausente, no se detecta la presencia de esta banda. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron cuando la muestra de partida fue médula o ganglio linfático. El método presenta la ventaja adicional de detectar portadores asintomáticos, incluidos los titulas de IFI dudosos. La técnica PCR se presenta como test de diagnóstico rutinario, siendo más rápida, eficaz y económica que los métodos de diagnóstico clásicos

Analysis of the magnetocaloric effect in Heusler alloys: study of Ni50CoMn36Sn13 by calorimetric techniques

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.Direct determinations of the isothermal entropy increment, −ΔST, in the Heusler alloy Ni50CoMn36Sn13 on demagnetization gave positive values, corresponding to a normal magnetocaloric effect. These values contradict the results derived from heat-capacity measurements and also previous results obtained from magnetization measurements, which indicated an inverse magnetocaloric effect, but showing different values depending on the technique employed. The puzzle is solved, and the apparent incompatibilities are quantitatively explained considering the hysteresis, the width of the martensitic transition and the detailed protocol followed to obtain each datum. The results show that these factors should be analyzed in detail when dealing with Heusler alloys.Financial support from Projects MAT2011-23791, MAT2013-44063-R and MAT2014-53921-R from the Spanish MEC, DGA Consolidated Groups E100 and E34, RFBR 12-07-00676-a, RF President MD-770.2014.2, RSF 14-12-00570 and from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Increase Competitiveness Program of MISiS are acknowledged.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

The ferrimagnetic compounds CoM[M'(EDTA)]2.4H2O (M,M'=Co,Ni): Magnetic characterization of CoCo[Ni(EDTA)]2.4H2O

Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to their work.We report on the magnetic properties of the ordered bimetallic compound CoCo(NiEDTA)2⋅4H2O (abbreviated as [CoCoNi]). The structure consists of ordered bimetallic layers formed by alternating octahedral sites of Co and Ni(II); tetrahedral Co sites connect different Co‐Ni layers. We discuss the low‐dimensional ferrimagnetic behavior of this compound in terms of a model that assumes three spin sublattices exchange coupled by an Ising interaction.This work was supported by the Comision Interministerial en Ciencia y Tecnologia (Grant No. PB 85-OI06-C02-02), the Iustitucio Valenciana d'Estudis i Investigació, and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-8515224). F. S. andP. G. R. thank the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia for a predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowship, respectively.Peer Reviewe

Analysis of microsatellite markers in a Cuban water buffalo breed

The aim of this Regional Research Communication was to validate a panel of 30 microsatellite markers recommended by FAO/ISAG for studies of biodiversity in cattle to improve the characterisation of Cuban buffalo populations. The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an economically important livestock species. Therefore, research focused on the study of the genetic relationships among water buffalo populations is useful to support conservation decisions and to design breeding schemes. Twenty-eight of the 30 tested regions were amplified, one of which (ETH10) turned out to be monomorphic. A total of 143 alleles were observed in the Cuban water buffalo population. The average number of alleles per locus was 5·04. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two (INRA 63 and MM12) to nine (ETH185). The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0·108 (HAUT24) to 0·851 (CSSM66) and 0·104 (MM12) to 0·829(INRA32), respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0·097 (MM12) to 0·806 (INRA32), and the overall value for these markers was 0·482. Within the population, inbreeding estimates (F IS) was positive in 14 of the 30 loci analysed. This study thus highlights the usefulness of heterologous bovine microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability in Cuban water buffalo breeds. Furthermore, the results can be utilised for future breeding strategies and conservation

Prion Protein Gene Variability in Spanish Goats. Inference through Susceptibility to Classical Scrapie Strains and Pathogenic Distribution of Peripheral PrPsc

Classical scrapie is a neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal, partially protease resistant prion protein (PrPsc) in the CNS and in some peripheral tissues in domestic small ruminants. Whereas the pathological changes and genetic susceptibility of ovine scrapie are well known, caprine scrapie has been less well studied. We report here a pathological study of 13 scrapie-affected goats diagnosed in Spain during the last 9 years. We used immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques to discriminate between classical and atypical scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). All the animals displayed PrPsc distribution patterns and western blot characteristics compatible with classical scrapie. In addition, we determined the complete open reading frame sequence of the PRNP in these scrapie-affected animals. The polymorphisms observed were compared with those of the herd mates (n¿=¿665) and with the frequencies of healthy herds (n¿=¿581) of native Spanish goats (Retinta, Pirenaica and Moncaina) and other worldwide breeds reared in Spain (Saanen, Alpine and crossbreed). In total, sixteen polymorphic sites were identified, including the known amino acid substitutions at codons G37V, G127S, M137I, I142M, H143R, R151H, R154H, R211Q, Q222K, G232W, and P240S, and new polymorphisms at codons G74D, M112T, R139S, L141F and Q215R. In addition, the known 42, 138 and 179 silent mutations were detected, and one new one is reported at codon 122. The genetic differences observed in the population studied have been attributed to breed and most of the novel polymorphic codons show frequencies lower than 5%. This work provides the first basis of polymorphic distribution of PRNP in native and worldwide goat breeds reared in Spain

Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of IrO2

The heat capacity from 5 to 350 K of IrO2 has been measured by quasi-adiabatic equilibrium calorimetry. The values for the thermodynamic properties at 298.15 K have been calculated as Cp, m(T)/R = 6.687, [Delta]0TSmo/R = 6.133, [Delta]0THmo/(R [middle dot] K) = 1039.5, and [Phi]mo(T, 0)/R = 2.647. The low-temperature heat capacity shows typical metallic behavior with an electronic coefficient [gamma]/R = 0.00067 K-1. The entropy at 298.15 K is shown to be consistent with the volumetric dependence of this quantity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27003/1/0000570.pd

Structure and genetic relationships between serrana de Teruel breed and other cattle breeds reared in Spain

In this work we analyze by microsatellite markers the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of the indigenous endangered Serrana de Teruel cattle breed with different breeds reared in Spain. All loci were polymorphic and a total of 198 alleles were observed across loci, with a mean of 6.79. Observed and expected heterozygosities values shown the high variability of Serrana de Teruel breed with values of 0.67 and 0.68 respectively. The neighbour net based on Reynolds distances shown the close genetic relationship among Serrana de Teruel and the mountain Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica breeds. STRUCTURE results showed a 47.5% of correctly assigned individuals to Serrana de Teruel breed using a q>0.8 threshold. The admixed animals shown a clear influence of Parda de Montaña breed.En este trabajo se analiza la variabilidad genética de la raza autóctona en peligro de extinción Serrana de Teruel, así como su relación con las ra-zas bovinas explotadas en España: Albera, Pajuna, Avileña-Negra Ibérica, Serrana Negra, Pirenaica y Parda de Montaña. La caracterización genética se ha realizado mediante marcadores microsatélites, todos han resultado polimórficos detectándose un total de 198 alelos con una media de 6,79 alelos por locus. Las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas fueron altas y similares en el equilibrio, con valores de 0,67 y 0,68 respectivamente. A partir del estudio de las relaciones filogenéticas se ha podido observar la cercanía de la raza Serrana de Teruel con las razas de montaña Pirenaica y Parda de Montaña. Mediante el estudio de la estructura genética se observó que el porcentaje de animales correctamente asignados a la Serrana de Teruel para q>0,8 fue del 47,5%, apreciándose una clara influencia de la raza Parda de Montaña en los individuos mezclados

Increased circulating microRNAs miR-342-3p and miR-21-5p in natural sheep prion disease

Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), or prion disease, of sheep and goats. As no simple diagnostic tests are yet available to detect TSEs in vivo, easily accessible biomarkers could facilitate the eradication of scrapie agents from the food chain. To this end, we analysed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR a selected set of candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) from circulating blood plasma of naturally infected, classical scrapie sheep that demonstrated clear scrapie symptoms and pathology. Significant scrapie-associated increase was repeatedly found for miR-342-3p and miR-21-5p. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of circulating miRNA alterations in any animal suffering from TSE. Genome-wide expression studies are warranted to investigate the true depth of miRNA alterations in naturally occurring TSEs, especially in presymptomatic animals, as the presented study demonstrates the potential feasibility of miRNAs as circulating TSE biomarkers