1,306 research outputs found
Finding the optimum activation energy in DNA breathing dynamics: A Simulated Annealing approach
We demonstrate how the stochastic global optimization scheme of Simulated
Annealing can be used to evaluate optimum parameters in the problem of DNA
breathing dynamics. The breathing dynamics is followed in accordance with the
stochastic Gillespie scheme with the denaturation zones in double stranded DNA
studied as a single molecule time series. Simulated Annealing is used to find
the optimum value of the activation energy for which the equilibrium bubble
size distribution matches with a given value. It is demonstrated that the
method overcomes even large noise in the input surrogate data.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, iop article package include
Local simulation of singlet statistics for restricted set of measurement
The essence of Bell's theorem is that, in general, quantum statistics cannot
be reproduced by local hidden variable (LHV) model. This impossibility is
strongly manifested while analyzing the singlet state statistics for Bell-CHSH
violations. In this work, we provide various subsets of two outcome POVMs for
which a local hidden variable model can be constructed for singlet state.Comment: 2 column, 5 pages, 4 figures, new references, abstract modified,
accepted in JP
Patents as Incomplete Contracts: Aligning Incentives for R&D Investment with Incentives to Disclose Prior Art
In this Article we propose that viewing patents as incomplete contracts is a useful means to analyze the relationship between legal institutions of patent enforcement and investment in R&D
Jednostavna teorijska analiza kapacitancije magnetskih vrata u MOS strukturi p-kanalnog inverzijskog sloja na teluru
An attempt is made to study the gate capacitance of MOS structure of p-channel inversion layers on tellurium in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field by considering all types of anisotropies of the valence bands of tellurium within the framework of k^→ · p^→ theory. We have derived an analytical expression of the surface electron concentration in low electric field limit in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. We have then formulated a model expression of the magneto-gate capacitance with the proper use of the electron concentration. For the purpose of relative comparison, we have also derived the same capacitance by including the broadening effects and without any approximations of low or high electric field limits. It has been observed that the gate capacitance of p-channel inversion layers on tellurium exhibits spiky oscillations with changing magnetic field. The corresponding well-known results for p-channel inversion layers on parabolic energy bands have also been obtained under certain limiting conditions from the generalized expressions.Proučavaju se kapacitancija vrata MOS strukture p–kanalnih inverzijskih slojeva na teluru u magnetskom polju na osnovi k^→ · p^→ teorije. Pokazuje se da kapacitancija vrata mijenja periodički s rastućim magnetskim poljem. Dobiveni rezultati svode se u modelu paraboličkih vrpci, uz određene uvjete, na poznate izraze
The El Gordo galaxy cluster challenges {\Lambda}CDM for any plausible collision velocity
El Gordo (ACT-CL J0102-4915) is an extraordinarily large and bright galaxy
cluster collision. In a previous study, we found that El Gordo is in
tension with the CDM standard model when assuming the
nominal mass and infall velocity values from the hydrodynamical simulations of
Zhang et al. ( and , respectively). The recent weak lensing study of Kim
et al. showed that the mass of El Gordo is actually . Here we explore the level of tension between El
Gordo and CDM for the new mass estimate, assuming several
values. We find that in order to reduce the tension below
the level, the El Gordo subclusters should have (
when considering the combined tension with the Bullet Cluster). To the best of
our knowledge, the El Gordo hydrodynamical simulations conducted so far require
to simultaneously reproduce
its morphology and its high X-ray luminosity and temperature. We therefore
conclude that El Gordo still poses a significant challenge to CDM
cosmology. Whether the properties of El Gordo can be reconciled with a lower
should be tested with new hydrodynamical simulations that
explore different configurations of the interaction.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal in this for
Jednostavna teorijska analiza kapacitancije magnetskih vrata u MOS strukturi p-kanalnog inverzijskog sloja na teluru
An attempt is made to study the gate capacitance of MOS structure of p-channel inversion layers on tellurium in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field by considering all types of anisotropies of the valence bands of tellurium within the framework of k^→ · p^→ theory. We have derived an analytical expression of the surface electron concentration in low electric field limit in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. We have then formulated a model expression of the magneto-gate capacitance with the proper use of the electron concentration. For the purpose of relative comparison, we have also derived the same capacitance by including the broadening effects and without any approximations of low or high electric field limits. It has been observed that the gate capacitance of p-channel inversion layers on tellurium exhibits spiky oscillations with changing magnetic field. The corresponding well-known results for p-channel inversion layers on parabolic energy bands have also been obtained under certain limiting conditions from the generalized expressions.Proučavaju se kapacitancija vrata MOS strukture p–kanalnih inverzijskih slojeva na teluru u magnetskom polju na osnovi k^→ · p^→ teorije. Pokazuje se da kapacitancija vrata mijenja periodički s rastućim magnetskim poljem. Dobiveni rezultati svode se u modelu paraboličkih vrpci, uz određene uvjete, na poznate izraze
Constraining the mass density of free-floating black holes using razor-thin lensing arcs
Strong lensing of active galactic nuclei in the radio can result in
razor-thin arcs, with a thickness of less than a milli-arcsecond, if observed
at the resolution achievable with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI).
Such razor-thin arcs provide a unique window on the coarseness of the matter
distribution between source and observer. In this paper, we investigate to what
extent such razor-thin arcs can constrain the number density and mass function
of `free-floating' black holes, defined as black holes that do not, or no
longer, reside at the centre of a galaxy. These can be either primordial in
origin or arise as by-products of the evolution of super-massive black holes in
galactic nuclei. When sufficiently close to the line of sight, free-floating
black holes cause kink-like distortions in the arcs, which are detectable by
eye in the VLBI images as long as the black hole mass exceeds Solar
masses. Using a crude estimate for the detectability of such distortions, we
analytically compute constraints on the matter density of free-floating black
holes resulting from null-detections of distortions along a realistic, fiducial
arc, and find them to be comparable to those from quasar milli-lensing. We also
use predictions from a large hydrodynamical simulation for the demographics of
free-floating black holes that are not primordial in origin, and show that
their predicted mass density is roughly four orders of magnitude below the
constraints achievable with a single razor-thin arc.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, comments welcom
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