Effects of agrotechnical factors on the quality and quantity of yield in winter wheat production

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Effect of different levels of fertilizers and forecrops on rheological properties of winter wheat

During our experiments in 2017/2018 crop year at Látókép Experimental Farm of University of Debrecen we studied the effect of different forecrops (sweet corn, sunflower) and increased dosages of artificial fertilizers (control, N90PK, N150PK) on rheological properties of wheat. Both levels of artificial fertilizers significantly improved valorigraphic water absorption (WA), quality number (VQN) and dough-stability (DST), moreover alveographic L and W value. Applying artificial fertilizers valorigraphic mixing-tolerance (DMT) and dough softening (DS) values were decreased significantly comparing to the control ones. Sweet corn as a forecrop had significantly favourable effect on VQN, DDT, DST, DS and DMT; promylographic ductility; alveographic L values comparing to sunflower. Fertilizing x forecrop interaction affected in a significant way the DMT and P/L value. In addition, fertilizing x cultivar interaction had significant effect on alveographic L, promylographic ductility and ratio. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis results, fertilizer dosages were in strong positive correlation with VQN and DDT; alveographic L and W. The alveographic W was in strong positive correlation with promylographic energy (r=0,842**) and DST (r=0,863**), while the L was in medium positive correlation with promylographic ductility (r=0,744**). Our results proved that, the wheat flour’s rheological parameters are significantly affected by fertilizing dose, forecrop and cultiva

Effect of thymol on kinetic properties of Ca and K currents in rat skeletal muscle

BACKGROUND: Thymol is widely used as a general antiseptic and antioxidant compound in the medical practice and industry, and also as a stabilizer to several therapeutic agents, including halothane. Thus intoxication with thymol may occur in case of ingestion or improper anesthesia. In the present study, therefore, concentration-dependent effects of thymol (30–600 micro-grams) were studied on calcium and potassium currents in enzymatically isolated rat skeletal muscle fibers using the double vaseline gap voltage clamp technique. RESULTS: Thymol suppressed both Ca and K currents in a concentration-dependent manner, the EC(50 )values were 193 ± 26 and 93 ± 11 μM, with Hill coefficients of 2.52 ± 0.29 and 1.51 ± 0.18, respectively. Thymol had a biphasic effect on Ca current kinetics: time to peak current and the time constant for inactivation increased at lower (100–200 μM) but decreased below their control values at higher (600 μM) concentrations. Inactivation of K current was also significantly accelerated by thymol (200–300 μM). These effects of thymol developed rapidly and were partially reversible. In spite of the marked effects on the time-dependent properties, thymol caused no change in the current-voltage relationship of Ca and K peak currents. CONCLUSIONS: Present results revealed marked suppression of Ca and K currents in skeletal muscle, similar to results obtained previously in cardiac cells. Furthermore, it is possible that part of the suppressive effects of halothane on Ca and K currents, observed experimentally, may be attributed to the concomitant presence of thymol in the superfusate

Környezetvédelmi célú P vizsgálatok összehasonlító elemzése szabadföldi tartamkísérletek talajain = Comparison and evaluation of environmental P test methods in soils of long-term fertilization field trials

Tenyészedény és inkubációs kísérleteket folytattunk szabadföldi tartamkísérletek talajaival, melyekben a 10 éves intenzív P trágyázás három ellátottsági szintet eredményezett. Vizsgáltuk a frissen adott P kezelések hatására a növényi P tartalom és felvétel változását, a talaj-tulajdonságok szerepét, ill. a növényi és a vizsgált kivonószerekkel mérhető talaj P tartalom kapcsolatát. Inkubációs kísérleteink fő célja a P utóhatás, valamint a frissen adott P hatásának értékelése volt. Kimutattuk, hogy a kedvező talajnedvesség alacsony hőmérsékleten elősegíti a kivonható P mennyiségek mobilizácóját, míg a magasabb hőmérséklet az immobilizációt fokozta. Esőszimulátoros kísérleteinkben megállapítottuk a homoktalajok eróziós P-veszteségeit, különböző esőztetési intenzitás mellett. Eredményeink szerint a P tartalom és a fajlagos talajvesztés kapcsolata közel lineáris. Az agronómiai és a környezetvédelmi céllal mért talaj P tartalmak (AL-, Olsen-, Bray1-, CaCl2-, H2O-, ill. FeO) és a P szorpciós kapacitás telítettsége, valamint a tavaszi árpa bokrosodáskori tömege és P tartalma közötti összefüggések alapján meghatározott agronómiai optimumok az eltérő pufferkapacitású két talajon jóval kisebbnek bizonyultak, mint a környezeti szempontból kritikus talaj P tartalmak, melyeket az Olsen-P és a CaCl2-P összefüggése alapján határoztuk meg. A talaj P telítettségének (DPS%) mérése szintén alkalmas lehet a potenciális P veszteség/eutrofizációs veszély becslésére. | Pot experiments and laboratory incubations were conducted with soil samples of long-term trials showing three P supply levels resulting from 10 years of intensive P fertilization. Influences of soil characteristics in plant P uptake and P contents were studied in freshly applied treatments. Relationships between plant parameters and soil P test results in different extracts were characterized. Laboratory incubations were carried out for evaluating the role of residual and freshly added P. From the results it was evident that constant soil moisture favoured the mobilization of extractable soil P at the lower temperature while high temperature favoured the immobilization. In our rainfall simulation experiments, erosion P losses of a sandy soil were determined with different irrigation intensities. Results showed that the relationship between P content and soil loss was nearly linear. Based on the correlations between agronomic and environmental soil P test values (AL-, Olsen-, Bray1-, CaCl2-, H2O-, or FeO) and the degree of P saturation, as well as young barley shoot weight and P %, the agronomic optimum and the environmentally critical soil P values were significantly different in both soils having different P buffer capacity. Environmentally critical soil P threshold values were determined from the correlation between the Olsen-P and CaCl2-P values. The soil P saturation method can also be suitable for estimating in the increase in potential P losses/eutrophization