INDICADORES DE SOSTENIBILIDAD APLICADOS A DOS VAQUERÍAS DE LA PROVINCIA MAYABEQUE, CUBA

The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the sustainability indicators in two dairy farms (A and B) of the Mayabeque province, Cuba. An agroecological diagnosis was carried out with student participation through a system approach to identify and rank problems during the dry season. In dairy A, a sustainable animal production project was carried out, while in dairy B the traditional production system was maintained. The sustainability of the agroecological bases was evaluated, by weighting 13 indicators based on the average potential of the dairy farms and the participatory techniques used. These were selected based on international experience and adapted to the conditions of Cuba. The work included the identification and modeling of systems, analysis of processes and of productive, ecological and socioeconomic indicators. Among the tools used are the search for secondary information, participatory observation, surveys, semi-structured interviews and workshops. The Vester matrix was used for the ranking of problems and the construction of the causal tree and they were interpreted using the Funes radar graph in 1997. A comprehensive analysis was achieved for the fundamental dimensions in both units that influence sustainability and with the benefit of the application of agroecological measures in the transformation of livestock ecosystems towards sustainable production systems. It was revealed that food was identified as the central problem, of the eight classified as causes, of the 14 hierarchical problems. It is concluded that the system approach facilitated the identification of the interactions between subsystems and the analysis of the productive and socioeconomic processes.El presente trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar los indicadores de sostenibilidad en dos vaquerías (A y B) de la provincia Mayabeque, Cuba. Se realizó un diagnóstico agroecológico con participación estudiantil mediante un enfoque en sistema para identificar y jerarquizar los problemas durante el periodo poco lluvioso. En la vaquería A, se ejecutó un proyecto de producción animal sostenible, mientras que en la B se mantuvo el sistema tradicional de producción. Se evaluó la sostenibilidad de las bases agroecológicas mediante la ponderación de 13 indicadores en función del potencial promedio de las vaquerías y de las técnicas participativas empleadas. Estas se seleccionaron bajo la experiencia internacional y adaptada a las condiciones de Cuba. El trabajo comprendió la identificación y modelación de sistemas, análisis de procesos y de indicadores productivos, ecológicos y socioeconómicos. Entre las herramientas que se utilizaron se encuentran la búsqueda de información secundaria, la observación participativa, encuestas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y talleres. Se utilizó la matriz de Vester para la jerarquización de problemas y la construcción del árbol causal y se interpretaron mediante el empleo del gráfico radar de Funes de 1997. Se logró un análisis integral de las dimensiones fundamentales en las unidades que influyen en la sostenibilidad y con beneficio de la aplicación de medidas agroecológicas en la transformación de ecosistemas ganaderos hacia sistemas de producción sostenibles. Se reveló que la alimentación se identificó como el problema central, de los ocho que clasificaron como causas de los 14 problemas jerarquizados. Se concluye que el enfoque en sistema facilito la identificación de las interacciones entre subsistemas y el análisis de los procesos productivos y socioeconómicos

Cartas climáticas 1961 - 90 de fechas de primeras y últimas heladas en la Argentina

p.253-263Las fechas medias de primeras y últimas heladas (0o C ó inferior) se estimaron utilizando un método gráfico que, originalmente propuesto por Papadakis (1952), fue adaptado y modificado (Datnarioy Pascale, 1984; 1993/94; Damarioetal, 1996) para obtener en estudios agroclimáticos un aceptable ajuste con los valores realmente observados. Las comprobaciones efectuadas al efecto después de sucesivas correcciones a la propuesta original confirmaron plenamente la bondad del método. El método utiliza la temperatura mínima mensual media o promedio multianual de las temperaturas mínimas absolutas mensuales, computadas o estimadas (Damario y Pascale, 1995), las que punteadas en una gráfica temperatura/meses, generan una curva cuyos puntos de corte con la ordenada de 0°C indican las fechas medias de primera y última helada, respectivamente. Aplicado a la información de 161 estaciones meteorológicas de la Argentina para el período 1961-90, permitió trazar las cartas agroclimática presentadas de primeras y últimas heladas

GEOLOCALIZACIÓN Y BIOSEGURIDAD DE LAS GRANJAS DE PONEDORAS Y SUS REEMPLAZOS EN LA EMPRESA AVÍCOLA DE LA PROVINCIA MATANZAS, CUBA

The objective of the work was to establish the georeferencing and evaluate the biosecurity of the layer farms and their replacements of the PioMat Poultry Company. A cross-sectional observational research was carried out in 10 Basic State Units (BSU) of laying hens and five of replacements in the Matanzas province, Cuba during a period of eight weeks, from March to May 2019. The data, epizootiological quadrants, identification was recorded. of the BSU, total number of rearing houses, orientation of the houses, distance and location of nearby towns and roads and for the spatial visualization the QGIS version 3.0.1 program was used. A comparison of proportions analysis was performed using the COMPAPROP statistical package. A significant high proportion of laying BSU sheds located incorrectly “N-S” was observed, with respect to the correct “NW-SE”. However, the replacement UEBs did not differ significantly from the correct "E-O" ones. Concluding that it was possible to determine the georeferencing of the BSU of laying hens and their replacements as well, as the main vulnerabilities in terms of biosecurity, seeing greater connotation in the raising of laying hens.El trabajo tuvo como objetivo establecer la georreferenciación y evaluar la bioseguridad de las granjas de ponedoras y sus reemplazos de la Empresa Avícola PioMat. Se realizó una investigación observacional transversal en 10 Unidades Estatales Básicas (UEB) de gallinas ponedoras y cinco de reemplazos de la provincia Matanzas, Cuba durante un período de ocho semanas, desde marzo a mayo del 2019. Se registraron los datos, cuadrantes epizootiológicos, identificación de las UEB, total de naves de crianza, orientación de las naves, distancia y localización de poblados y carreteras cercanas y para la visualización espacial se utilizó el programa QGIS versión 3.0.1. Se realizó un análisis de comparación de proporciones mediante el paquete estadístico COMPAPROP. Se observó alta proporción significativa de naves de UEB ponedoras ubicadas incorrectas “N-S”, respecto a las correctas “NO-SE”. Sin embargo, las UEB de reemplazos no difirieron significativamente de las correctas “E-O”. Concluyendo que se pudo determinar la georreferenciación de las UEB de gallinas ponedoras y sus reemplazos así, como las principales vulnerabilidades en cuanto a la bioseguridad, viéndose mayor connotación en las crianzas de gallinas ponedoras

A Latin American survey on demographic aspects of hospitalized, decompensated cirrhotic patients and the resources for their management

Introduction & objectives: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of decompensating events requires of both medical skills and updated technical resources. The objectives of this study were to search the demographic profile of hospitalized cirrhotic patients in a group of Latin American hospitals and the availability of expertise/facilities for the diagnosis and therapy of decompensation episodes. Methods: A cross sectional, multicenter survey of hospitalized cirrhotic patients. Results: 377 patients, (62% males; 58 ± 11 years) (BMI > 25, 57%; diabetes 32%) were hospitalized at 65 centers (63 urbans; 57 academically affiliated) in 13 countries on the survey date. Main admission causes were ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis/other infections. Most prevalent etiologies were alcohol-related (AR) (40%); non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis (NASH) (23%), hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) (7%) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (6%). The most frequent concurrent etiologies were AR + NASH. Expertise and resources in every analyzed issue were highly available among participating centers, mostly accomplishing valid guidelines. However, availability of these facilities was significantly higher at institutions located in areas with population > 500,000 (n = 45) and in those having a higher complexity level (Gastrointestinal, Liver and Internal Medicine Departments at the same hospital (n = 22). Conclusions: The epidemiological etiologic profile in hospitalized, decompensated cirrhotic patients in Latin America is similar to main contemporary emergent agents worldwide. Medical and technical resources are highly available, mostly at great population urban areas and high complexity medical centers. Main diagnostic and therapeutic approaches accomplish current guidelines recommendations

Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity |η|<0.5. The transverse momentum pT of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low pT fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high pT leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.

Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity

Production of charged pions, kaons and protons at large transverse momenta in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

Transverse momentum spectra of π±, K± and p(p¯) up to pT = 20 GeV/c at mid-rapidity in pp, peripheral (60–80%) and central (0–5%) Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV have been measured using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT ≈ 3 GeV/c in central Pb–Pb collisions. Below the peak, pT 10 GeV/c particle ratios in pp and Pb–Pb collisions are in agreement and the nuclear modification factors for π±, K± and p(p¯) indicate that, within the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the suppression is the same. This suggests that the chemical composition of leading particles from jets in the medium is similar to that of vacuum jets

Measuring KS0K± interactions using Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

We present the first ever measurements of femtoscopic correlations between the K0 S and K± particles. The analysis was performed on the data from Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV measured by the ALICE experiment. The observed femtoscopic correlations are consistent with final-state interactions proceeding via the a0(980) resonance. The extracted kaon source radius and correlation strength parameters for K0 SK− are found to be equal within the experimental uncertainties to those for K0 SK+. Comparing the results of the present study with those from published identical-kaon femtoscopic studies by ALICE, mass and coupling parameters for the a0 resonance are tested. Our results are also compatible with the interpretation of the a0 having a tetraquark structure instead of that of a diquar

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlation structures in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 < pT,assoc < pT,trig < 5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation