295 research outputs found
Heritage portuguese and heritage polish in contact with german: more evidence on the production of objects
This paper compares the production of different types of direct objects by Portuguese–German and Polish–German bilingual school-aged children in their heritage languages (HLs), Polish and European Portuguese (EP). Given that the two target languages display identical options of object realization, our main research question is whether the two HLs develop in a similar way in bilingual children. More precisely, we aim at investigating whether bilingual children acquiring Polish and EP are sensitive to accessibility and animacy when realizing a direct object in their HL. The results of a production experiment show that this is indeed the case and that the two groups of bilinguals do not differ from each other, although they may overgeneralize null objects or full noun phrases to some extent. We conclude that the bilingual acquisition of object realization is guided by the relevant properties in the target languages and is not influenced by the contact language, German.The research was partially funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Reference: UID/ELT/00305/2019) and by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland, 2014/15/G/HS6/04521
Fabrication and Optical Properties of a Fully Hybrid Epitaxial ZnO-Based Microcavity in the Strong Coupling Regime
In order to achieve polariton lasing at room temperature, a new fabrication
methodology for planar microcavities is proposed: a ZnO-based microcavity in
which the active region is epitaxially grown on an AlGaN/AlN/Si substrate and
in which two dielectric mirrors are used. This approach allows as to
simultaneously obtain a high-quality active layer together with a high photonic
confinement as demonstrated through macro-, and micro-photoluminescence
({\mu}-PL) and reflectivity experiments. A quality factor of 675 and a maximum
PL emission at k=0 are evidenced thanks to {\mu}-PL, revealing an efficient
polaritonic relaxation even at low excitation power.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
LO-phonon assisted polariton lasing in a ZnO based microcavity
Polariton relaxation mechanisms are analysed experimentally and theoretically
in a ZnO-based polariton laser. A minimum lasing threshold is obtained when the
energy difference between the exciton reservoir and the bottom of the lower
polariton branch is resonant with the LO phonon energy. Tuning off this
resonance increases the threshold, and exciton-exciton scattering processes
become involved in the polariton relaxation. These observations are
qualitatively reproduced by simulations based on the numerical solution of the
semi-classical Boltzmann equations
Laser emission with excitonic gain in a ZnO planar microcavity
The lasing operation of a ZnO planar microcavity under optical pumping is
demonstrated from T=80 K to 300 K. At the laser threshold, the cavity switches
from the strong coupling to the weak coupling regime. A gain-related
transition, which appears while still observing polariton branches and, thus,
with stable excitons, is observed below 240K. This shows that exciton
scattering processes, typical of II-VI semiconductors, are involved in the gain
process
Immune adjuvant effect of V. cholerae O1 derived Proteoliposome coadministered by intranasal route with Vi polysaccharide from Salmonella Typhi
Proteoliposome derived from Vibrio cholerae O1 (PLc) is a nanoscaled structure obtained by detergent extraction process. Intranasal (i.n) administration of PLc was immunogenic at mucosal and systemic level vs. V. cholerae; however the adjuvant potential of this structure for non-cholera antigens has not been proven yet. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of coadministering PLc with the Vi polysaccharide antigen (Poli Vi) of S. Typhi by i.n route. The results showed that Poli Vi coadministered with PLc (PLc+Poli Vi) induce higher IgA response in saliva (p0.05) to that induced in a group of mice immunised by parenteral route with the Cuban anti-typhoid vaccine vax-TyVi®, although this vaccine did not induce mucosal response. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that PLc can be used as mucosal adjuvant to potentiate the immune response against a polysaccharide antigen like Poli Vi
Experimental observation of strong light-matter coupling in ZnO microcavities: influence of large excitonic absorption
We present experimental observation of the strong light-matter coupling
regime in ZnO bulk microcavities grown on silicon. Angle resolved reflectivity
measurements, corroborated by transfer-matrix simulations, show that Rabi
splittings in the order of 70 meV are achieved even for low finesse cavities.
The impact of the large excitonic absorption, which enables a ZnO bulk-like
behavior to be observed even in the strong coupling regime, is illustrated both
experimentally and theoretically by considering cavities with increasing
thickness
Formal Linguistic Approaches to Adult Second Language (L2) Acquisition and Processing
The relative conformity with which (typically developing) children attain adult grammatical competence—ultimate attainment—and the similarity in developmental paths along which they progress is remarkable (e.g., Ambridge & Lieven, 2011; Clark, 2003; Guasti, 2002; Synder, 2007). This achievement is, however, so ubiquitous and mundane that we seldom marvel at it. Of course, monolingual adult grammars may also differ from one another, especially for some domains of grammar (e.g., Dąbrowska, 1997, 2012), but such variability pales in comparison to the variation in adult non-native second language (L2) grammars. Indeed, the path and outcomes of L2 acquisition can be highly variable from one individual to another, even under seemingly comparable contexts. Individual and group-level factors in adulthood that either do not apply or apply with much less consequence in young childhood conspire to explain at least some of the gamut of L2 variability
Relaxation and emission of Bragg-mode and cavity-mode polaritons in a ZnO microcavity at room temperature
The strong coupling regime in a ZnO microcavity is investigated through room
temperature photoluminescence and reflectivity experiments. The simultaneous
strong coupling of excitons to the cavity mode and the first Bragg mode is
demonstrated at room temperature. The polariton relaxation is followed as a
function of the excitation density. A relaxation bottleneck is evidenced in the
Bragg-mode polariton branch. It is partly broken under strong excitation
density, so that the emission from this branch dominates the one from
cavity-mode polaritons
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