Trastornos del sueño y seguridad vial : un tema no resuelto

Fil: Cardinali, Daniel P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina.Fil: Pérez Chada, Daniel. Hospital Universitario Austral. Departamento de Medicina Interna; ArgentinaLos mayores accidentes industriales y vehiculares de nuestros días pueden vincularse a la utilización de\n"las máquinas humanas" más allá de sus especificaciones naturales. En nuestro país, y a pesar de la\ncreciente preocupación pública por la seguridad vial, se presta poco interés al hecho de que la influencia\ndel sueño insuficiente es causa en una importante proporción de accidentes vehiculares

Comparative analysis of actigraphy performance in healthy young subjects

Sleep-related health disorders are increasing worldwide; diagnosis and treatment of such sleep diseases are commonly invasive and sometimes unpractical or expensive. Actigraphy has been recently introduced as a tool for the study of sleep and circadian disorders; however, there are several devices that claim to be useful for research and have not been thoroughly tested. This comparative study provides activity, sleep and temperature information regarding several of the most commonly used actigraphers: Micro-Mini Motion Logger; Act Trust; Misfit Flash; Fitbit Flex & Thermochron. Twenty-two healthy young subjects were assessed with five different commercial actigraphs (Micro-Mini Motionlogger Watch, Condor Act Trust, MisFit Flash and Fitbit Flex) and a temperature recorder (Thermochron), and also completed a sleep diary for a week. There were not significant differences in the analysis of rest-activity pattern between devices. Temperature rhythm comparison between the Act Trust and the Thermochron showed significant differences in rhythm percentage (p<0.05) and mesor (p<0.0563) but not in amplitude or acrophase. Although data accessibility and ease of use was very different for the diverse devices, there were no significant differences for sleep onset, total sleep time and sleep efficiency recordings, where applicable. In conclusion, depending on the type of study and analysis desired (as well as cost and compliance of use), we propose some relative advantages for the different actigraphy/temperature recording devices.Fil: Bellone, Giannina J.. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chada, Roberto Daniel. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Golombek, Diego Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Visuomotor Adaptation Modulates the Clustering of Sleep Spindles Into Trains

Sleep spindles are thought to promote memory consolidation. Recently, we have shown that visuomotor adaptation (VMA) learning increases the density of spindles and promotes the coupling between spindles and slow oscillations, locally, with the level of spindle-SO synchrony predicting overnight memory retention. Yet, growing evidence suggests that the rhythmicity in spindle occurrence may also influence the stabilization of declarative and procedural memories. Here, we examined if VMA learning promotes the temporal organization of sleep spindles into trains. We found that VMA increased the proportion of spindles and spindle-SO couplings in trains. In agreement with our previous work, this modulation was observed over the contralateral hemisphere to the trained hand, and predicted overnight memory retention. Interestingly, spindles grouped in a cluster showed greater amplitude and duration than isolated spindles. The fact that these features increased as a function of train length, provides evidence supporting a biological advantage of this temporal arrangement. Our work opens the possibility that the periodicity of NREM oscillations may be relevant in the stabilization of procedural memories.Fil: Solano, Agustín Benjamín Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Riquelme, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chada, Daniel. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Della Maggiore, Valeria Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin

Motor Learning Promotes the Coupling between Fast Spindles and Slow Oscillations Locally over the Contralateral Motor Network

Recent studies from us and others suggest that traditionally declarative structures mediate some aspects of the encoding and consolidation of procedural memories. This evidence points to the existence of converging physiological pathways across memory systems. Here, we examined whether the coupling between slow oscillations (SO) and spindles, a mechanism well established in the consolidation of declarative memories, is relevant for the stabilization of human motor memories. To this aim, we conducted an electroencephalography study in which we quantified various parameters of these oscillations during a night of sleep that took place immediately after learning a visuomotor adaptation (VMA) task. We found that VMA increased the overall density of fast (≥12 Hz), but not slow (<12 Hz), spindles during nonrapid eye movement sleep, stage 3 (NREM3). This modulation occurred rather locally over the hemisphere contralateral to the trained hand. Although adaptation learning did not affect the density of SOs, it substantially enhanced the number of fast spindles locked to the active phase of SOs. The fact that only coupled spindles predicted overnight memory retention points to the relevance of this association in motor memory consolidation. Our work provides evidence in favor of a common mechanism at the basis of the stabilization of declarative and motor memories.Fil: Solano, Agustín Benjamín Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Riquelme, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chada, Daniel. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Servicio de Neumonologia.; ArgentinaFil: Della Maggiore, Valeria Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin

Sleep and quality of life in urban poverty : the effect of a slum housing upgrading program

Study Objectives : To evaluate the effect of a housing transition on sleep quality and quality of life in slum dwellers, participating in a slum housing upgrading program. Design : Observational before-and-after study with a convergent-parallel mixed method design. Setting : Five slums located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants : A total of 150 slum dwellers benefited by a housing program of the nonprofit organization TECHO (spanish word for “roof”). Interventions : Participants moved from their very low-quality house to a basic prefabricated 18 m2 modular house provided by TECHO. Measurements and Results : The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered before and after housing upgrading. Data about housing conditions, income, education, sleeping conditions, and cardiovascular risk were also collected. Semistructured interviews were used to expand and nuance quantitative data obtained from a poorly educated sample. Results showed that sleep quality significantly increased after the housing program (z = -6.57, P < 0.001). Overall quality of life (z = -6.85, P < 0.001), physical health domain (z = -4.35, P < 0.001), psychological well-being domain (z = -3.72, P < 0.001) and environmental domain (z = -7.10, P < 0.001) of WHOQOL-BREF were also improved. Interviews demonstrated the importance of serenity for improving quality of life. Conclusions : A minimal improvement in the quality of basic housing can significantly increase sleep quality and quality of life among slum dwellers. Understanding sleep and daily life conditions in informal urban settlements could help to define what kind of low-cost intervention may improve sleep quality, quality of life, and reduce existent sleep disparity

Screen use, sleep duration, daytime somnolence, and academic failure in school-aged adolescents

We surveyed 1,257 12- to 18-year-old adolescents attending 52 schools in urban or suburban areas of Argentina. We recorded the daily exposure to various screen-based activities, including video- and online-gaming, social media, TV or streaming. Screen time and device type in the hour before bedtime, sleep patterns during weekdays and weekends, somnolence (Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale score), and grades in language and mathematics were also assessed.Fil: Perez Lloret, Santiago. ; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chada, Roberto Daniel. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral. Departamento de Materno Infantil. Servicio de Neumonologia.; Argentin

Screen use, sleep duration, daytime somnolence, and academic failure in schoolaged adolescents

Abstract In this study, we examined the relationship between screen time use, sleep characteristics, daytime somnolence, and academic performance in school-aged adolescents. We surveyed 1,257 12- to 18-year-old adolescents attending 52 schools in urban or suburban areas of Argentina. We recorded the daily exposure to various screen-based activities, including video- and online-gaming, social media, TV or streaming. Screen time and device type in the hour before bedtime, sleep patterns during weekdays and weekends, somnolence (Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale score), and grades in language and mathematics were also assessed. Structural Equation Modelling was used to identify a path connecting the latent variables. Results are expressed as standardized regression weights (srw). Missing data were present in 393 subjects, and thus the final sample consisted of 864 complete responses. Daytime somnolence (i.e., PDSS score � 15) was observed in 614 participants (71%), and academic failure (i.e., grades < 7/10) in 352 of them (41%). Time spent using video gaming consoles was negatively associated with sleep duration (srw = -0.22, p<0.01) and positively connected with daytime somnolence (srw = 0.11, p<0.01). Use of mobile devices was associated with lower academic performance (srw = -0.11, p<0.01). Sleep duration was inversely related to daytime somnolence (srw = -0.27, p<0.01), which was in turn negatively associated with academic performance (srw = -0.18, p<0.05). Bedtime computer use did not influence any outcome. In summary, among adolescents, screen use adversely affected nighttime sleep, daytime somnolence, and academic performance. These findings call for the implementation of educational public campaigns aimed at promoting healthy sleep and reducing screen exposure among adolescents

Sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and working conditions in short-distance bus drivers

Purpose: Driving needs high levels of alertness. Increased somnolence is the most important negative influence to maintain proper watchfulness and vigilance. Drowsiness, working conditions and their affective impact must be taken into account to determine driving safety. The purpose of this paper is to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep habits, quality of sleep, stress-related symptoms, and working conditions in a large sample of short-distance bus drivers in the city of Buenos Aires. Design/methodology/approach: This was a cross-sectional study performed to evaluate sleep habits and obstructive apnea risk in short-distance bus drivers of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Questionnaires regarding anthropometric data, sleep habits, snoring, daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index, PQSI), working conditions and fatigue and anxiety related to work were administered to professional short-distance bus drivers (n=1023). Findings: A prevalence of 34.6 percent of obesity and 80 percent of snoring was observed. Mean sleep time during workdays was 6.5±0.1 h and bad sleep quality was reported by 54.6 percent of the subjects. Excessive daytime sleepiness had a prevalence of 48.8 percent and was independently associated with reduced sleep time, increased sleep debt, long time to wake up, snoring, and short resting time along the working day (p<0.05). Originality/value: Short-distance drivers in Buenos Aires, the largest urban area of Argentina, are a partially sleep-deprived, overweighted population, showing a high daytime somnolence, poor work-rest conditions and high levels of anxiety and fatigue. This association can be very harmful in view of the demanding working conditions considered.Fil: Diez, Joaquín José. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chada, Roberto Daniel. Hospital Universitario Austral. Servicio de Neumonología. Departamento de Medicina; Argentin

Sleep habits, alertness, cortisol levels and cardiac autonomic activity in short distance bus drivers : differences between morning and afternoon shifts

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate sleep, alertness, salivary cortisol levels and autonomic activity in the afternoon and morning shifts of a sample of short distance bus drivers. Methods: A sample of 47 bus drivers was evaluated. Data regarding subjects and working characteristics, alertness (psychomotor vigilance task), sleep habits (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Actigraphy), endocrine stress response (salivary cortisol) and autonomic activity (heart rate variability) were collected. Results: Sleep restriction was highly prevalent. Drivers in the morning shift slept one hour less than those in the afternoon shift, showed lower reaction time performance, a flattening of cortisol morning-evening difference, and higher overweight prevalence. Conclusions: The differences found between morning and afternoon shifts point out to the need of the implementation of educational strategies to compensate the sleep loss associated with an early work schedule