Análisis de la calidad del servicio en los eventos deportivos. Calidad percibida y satisfacción de los espectadores y de los deportistas.

El deporte está fuertemente implantado en la sociedad actual y posee dos vertientes claramente diferenciadas, el deporte como práctica física y el deporte como espectáculo deportivo, es de esta segunda vertiente desde la que está planteado el trabajo. Los eventos deportivos están ocupando un lugar determinante en la todos los ámbitos sociales y especialmente en Valencia por lo que merecen ser objeto de estudio. El trabajo analiza la calidad de servicio en los eventos deportivos y concretamente la calidad perciba y la satisfacción de los espectadores y de los deportistas del 44º Campeonato de España y del 12º Campeonato del Mundo de atletismo en pista cubierta celebrados ambos en Valencia. En primer lugar, el trabajo realiza un breve repaso histórico de la evolución de los eventos deportivos hasta la actualidad y la labor desempeñada por la sociedad inglesa del siglo XIX entorno a la gestión del deporte. Se describen diferentes clasificaciones de los grandes eventos deportivos, su organización y las áreas de gestión. Finalmente la repercusión social que provoca un gran evento deportivo sobre la ciudad sede en sus diferentes estamentos, la práctica deportiva, el turismo y la economía. En segundo lugar, analizamos la calidad de servicio en relación a los servicios deportivos en general y los eventos deportivos en particular, junto con los modelos de calidad utilizados para la investigación. El Modelo SERVQUAL de Parasuraman, Zeithaml y Berry (1988) en su versión de percepciones (SERVPERF), para analizar la calidad percibida de los deportistas de ambos eventos deportivos y el Modelo Tridimensional de Brady y Cronin (2001), para analizar la calidad percibida de los espectadores del Cpto. de España y el Mundial de atletismo en pista cubierta. Seguidamente, la metodología del estudio describe las herramientas utilizadas, la muestra obtenida, el procedimiento y la cronología del trabajo. A continuación se describen los resultados obtenidos de la investigación en donde se introducen novedades en las dimensiones obtenidas para el estudio de la calidad percibida, como la calidad del resultado y variables como la asistencia previa a eventos deportivos. Y finalmente, algunas de las conclusiones obtenidas fueron que tanto los espectadores como los deportistas percibieron un servicio de calidad durante los eventos deportivos y en ambos eventos se sintieron satisfechos. Las dimensiones de calidad percibida para los espectadores fueron, la calidad de la interacción, la calidad del entorno (tangibles), la calidad del entorno (ambiente) y la calidad del resultado. Las dimensiones de calidad percibida para los deportistas de atletismo fueron, la tangibilidad, la fiabilidad, la capacidad de respuesta, la seguridad y la empatía.Sport is strongly introduced in modern society and it has two aspects clearly differentiated: sport as a practice of exercise and sport as a sporting event. This project focus on the second aspect mentioned above: Sport as a sporting event.. Sport events are increasing in all social areas and they are worthy of study. This project analyzes the quality of service in the sporting events and ,specifically, the perceived quality and the satisfaction of the spectators and athletes in the 44th Spain Championship and in the 12th World Athletics Indoor Championships, celebrated in Valencia. The essay implements a brief historical overview of the evolution of sport events up to nowadays and their repercussions on society. At the same time, it analyzes the quality of service in relation to the sporting services in general and the sporting events in particular, together with the quality models used for the investigation. It introduces newness in the obtained dimensions for the study of the perceived quality, like the quality of result and variables like the previous attendance to sporting events. Spectators and athletes obtained a service of quality during the sporting events remaining satisfied in both of them. For the spectators, the perceived quality dimensions were: the interaction quality, the environment quality (tangible), the environment quality (atmosphere) and the quality of outcome. For the athletes, the quality perceived dimensions were the tangibleness, the fiability, the capacity of response, the security and empathy

Knowledge Management and Organizational Culture in a Software Development Enterprise

The aim of this study was to analysis knowledge management and organizational culture at a Spanish software development enterprise. For this purpose, two different tasks were performed: first, analysis of knowledge management levels and organizational culture; and second, analysis of the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management. The sample consisted of 196 employees between 21 and 45 years old, with 119 (61.3%) men. To achieve the objectives, adaptations of the Organizational Knowledge Practices (OKP) questionnaire (Cortijo, & Quintanilla, 2004) and the “Organizational Culture Inventory” (OCI) were used (Cooke & Lafferty, 1987). Based on the results, it appears that the company is oriented towards a constructive organizational culture. It also seems that the company emphasizes efficient knowledge management practices, especially in regard to teamwork. Finally, the link between organizational culture and knowledge management seems to be proven. As hypothesized, constructive culture is positively related to knowledge management performance, while Passive–Defensive and Aggressive–Defensive cultures are negatively related. All these results are particularly interesting considering that in the scientific literature such relationships have been proposed from a theoretical perspective, but only a few studies have explored these questions at the empirical level.

Effects of physical warm-up on the attention of adolescent students

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of two different types of physical warm-up on selective attention (AS) and concentration of physical education (PE) students. Warm-up was used as a tool for this optimization; different variables were applied to compare their effects on students' attention and concentration. Attention is a frequently studied variable that is associated with success in different settings including academic and sports. The participants of this study were 160 students (77 girls and 83 boys), who were between 12 and 17 years old. The students were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 106) and a control group (n = 54). As a study procedure, an experimental group (n = 55) performed a physical warm-up based on 10 min of repetitive exercises of moderate intensity that were directed by a direct command and had low cognitive demands. The other group (n = 51) performed a physical warm-up of equal duration and intensity; however, the warm-up was based on an open and playful task with many stimuli and a high need for fast decision-making. Then, the D2 test was used to observe students' attention and concentration. The obtained results showed no significant differences in attention and concentration according to the type of performed warm-up (p > .05). However, differences were observed in the effects of these cognitive functions with respect to other variables such as sex, age, or school year (p < .05). The lack of effectiveness in testing the proposed warm-ups suggests the need to continue experimenting with different variables (e.g., volume, intensity, teaching style, and stimuli) to determine their possible effects on students' attentional capacities.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Knowledge management and organizational culture in a software development enterprise

The aim of this study was to analysis knowledge management and organizational culture at a Spanish software development enterprise. For this purpose, two different tasks were performed: first, analysis of knowledge management levels and organizational culture; and second, analysis of the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management. The sample consisted of 196 employees between 21 and 45 years old, with 119 (61.3%) men. To achieve the objectives, adaptations of the Organizational Knowledge Practices (OKP) questionnaire (Cortijo, & Quintanilla, 2004) and the “Organizational Culture Inventory” (OCI) were used (Cooke & Lafferty, 1987). Based on the results, it appears that the company is oriented towards a constructive organizational culture. It also seems that the company emphasizes efficient knowledge management practices, especially in regard to teamwork. Finally, the link between organizational culture and knowledge management seems to be proven. As hypothesized, constructive culture is positively related to knowledge management performance, while Passive–Defensive and Aggressive–Defensive cultures are negatively related. All these results are particularly interesting considering that in the scientific literature such relationships have been proposed from a theoretical perspective, but only a few studies have explored these questions at the empirical level.Economí

Study of spectator satisfaction at a major athletics event

Sporting events have become an important promotional tool for large cities, as they manage to generate levels of diffusion that would be economically unviable through advertising campaigns (Núñez, Calabuig, Añó, & Parra, 2014). These events have a high level of social repercussion and a strong presence in the media, thus generating a source of income for the cities (Añó, 2003). In this case, the relationship between the different dimensions of perceived quality and the competition elements regarding the satisfaction of the spectators of a Spanish Athletics Championship has been analysed to understand which elements have a greater influence on the achievement of higher levels of satisfaction, which will make the event more successful and generate a better perception of the event and the city that hosts it. In addition, the aim is to check whether the evaluations made by spectators show differences according to their age and gender, as well as their previous experience attending sporting events. The results show, at a descriptive level, that both spectators over 35 years of age and spectators who are women value the dimensions analysed most positively; differences are observed between these groups with respect to some of the analysed dimensions, whereas, regarding previous experience at events, the opinions are more equally distributed. For regression analysis, all the dimensions of perceived quality and the competition elements have a significant influence on user satisfaction, wherein the outcome quality and the competition elements are the most important elements in this prediction.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Designing an Advanced Regional Research Network

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Evaluation of macroseismic intensities in Mexico from recent earthquakes using ¿Sintió un sismo? (Did you feel it?)

Macroseismic investigations with data collected through online surveys has acquired relevance in recent years. Its easy access and low cost allow assessments of the severity of an earthquake from its effects as observed by the population. Furthermore, it is possible to generate attenuation curves for a particular region, visualize the condition of the buildings from a zip code-averaged distribution map, and estimate possible site effects. In regions without a good coverage of seismic networks, macroseismic intensities have proved to be a substitute for instrumental data. In this paper intensity maps for four earthquakes in different regions of Mexico are presented, based on data from the database of ¿Sintió un sismo? program, an online survey implemented in 2014. Less attenuation was found in areas considered tectonically stable than in those considered as active regions. RESUMEN Las investigaciones macrosísmicas utilizando datos recolectados a partir de encuestas en línea han adquirido un gran auge en los últimos años. Su fácil acceso y bajo costo permiten realizar evaluaciones de la severidad del sismo a partir de los efectos observados por la población. Además es posible generar curvas de atenuación para una región en particular, visualizar el estado de las construcciones y los posibles efectos de sitio. En regiones donde no se tiene una buena cobertura de redes sísmicas, las intensidades macrosísmicas han demostrado ser un gran sustituto de datos instrumentales. En este trabajo se presentan mapas de intensidades macrosísmicas para cuatro sismos en distintos puntos del país. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos del programa ¿Sintió un sismo?, una encuesta en línea implementada en el 2014. Encontramos que la atenuación es menor en zonas consideradas tectónicamente estables que en regiones activas

Entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students: what are their determinant variables?

Entrepreneurship is a key factor in sports due to the globalization and increase in competitiveness in the actual labour market. Therefore, it is important to understand entrepreneurial behaviour and distinguish between the two possible types, intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship, because both should be promoted. However, while studies on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students are a consolidated area of study, little is still known about intrapreneurial intentions. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to discover the determinant variables of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students. For that reason, a sample of 183 senior-level sports science students, 23.60% female and 76.40% male with ages ranging between 20 and 41 years old (M = 22.56; SD = 2.70) was analysed. The results showed that the determinant variables of these two types of entrepreneurial behaviour are totally different. In the case of entrepreneurial intentions, the attitude towards behaviour and the perceived behaviour control were the significant determinants, while in the case of intrapreneurial intentions, the entrepreneurial abilities, subjective norm and age were the main determinants. To summarise, the educational university policies used to enhance the entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students should be different. Finally, to address this issue, some practical implications were presented.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Analysis of perceptions related to gender stereotypes in secondary education – a gender comparison

Breaking gender stereotypes and overcoming them continue to be a challenge in today's society. Gender stereotypes may have negative consequences during the school stage and can be also perpetuated in adulthood. To avoid the development of gender stereotypes, the educational environment (specifically physical education) can be used to teach values that avoid actions that perpetuate such stereotypes. However, before initiating an intervention program or an action by teachers, it is essential to know the students' perception regarding gender inequality and stereotypes and how they act in response to them. Thus, this study aims to recognize and describe the attitudes of secondary school students towards gender equality by trying to identify possible differences between men and women. Specifically, the opinions of 91 male and female students from 3rd and 4th grade (aged 15-16 years old) of ESO (mandatory secondary education) in Spain were collected through a questionnaire that was based on validated scales that exist in the literature. This questionnaire consists of 30 items that make up 3 levels of analysis: sociocultural, relational and personal. The obtained results allow us to conclude that there are significant gender differences, and boys and girls have different opinions regarding gender stereotypes in sociocultural, relational and personal aspects. In general, analysed boys are less likely to change stereotypes than the girls. This result suggests that gender stereotypes do not develop equally in men and women at the secondary school stage, which allows us to determine which aspects differ according to gender so that in the future interventions can be implemented to solve the appearance of these stereotypes. Finally, practical implications and pedagogical proposals are presented, which highlight coeducation as the main methodology.Educació