Efectos de la oxitetraciclina en un sistema de biopurificación: eliminación de triazinas y organofosforados y variación en la expresión de genes de degradación

La contaminación que provoca el mal uso de agroquímicos y el manejo inadecuado de sus desechos, puede afectar cuerpos de agua superficiales o subterráneos y grandes volúmenes de suelo. Los plaguicidas organofosforados y triazinas son dos familias químicas ampliamente utilizadas y podrían contribuir de manera relevante a esta problemática. Por su parte los sistemas de biopurificación de plaguicidas (SBP) son una opción amigable con el ambiente para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas de forma puntual por el uso y aplicación de plaguicidas, sin embargo, al co-aplicar antibióticos de uso agrícola como la oxitetraciclina (OTC) los procesos degradativos en la biomezcla podrían verse afectados negativamente. En este trabajo, se analizó el efecto de la OTC a dos concentraciones diferentes, en la eliminación de los organofosforados clorpirifós (CLP), metamidofós (MTM), monocrotofós (MNC) y cadusafós (CDF) y las triazinas atrazina (ATZ), ametrina (AMT), terbutilazina (TBZ) y terbutrina (TBT) en una biomezcla de SBP, por medio de pruebas de eliminación, toxicidad residual de la biomezcla, cuantificación por NMP de poblaciones de degradadores y estudio de genes involucrados en la degradación de organofosforados y triazinas. A los 11 días la mayoría de los plaguicidas había sido eliminado en su totalidad sin presentar diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con y sin OTC, a excepción de AMT, TBT, TBZ y CLP, que presentaron diferencias entre al menos uno de los tratamientos, por su parte la OTC al cabo de los 60 días se eliminó entre un 60-70 %. La toxicidad residual de la biomezcla se redujo en más de un 90 % para D. magna y entre un 22.4 % y 36.7 % para L. sativa. Los genes atzA y opd están aparentemente presentes en las biomezclas con y sin OTC y se obtuvieron resultados preliminares de su cuentificación respaldando su presencia. La cuantificación por NMP de las poblaciones degradadoras de ATZ y CLP mostró una afectación de las poblaciones por la presencia de OTC, con de reducciones de 1 a 5 logaritmos. Por lo tanto, la biomezcla de SBP utilizada es de las más eficientes probadas hasta el momento para la eliminación de organofosforados y triazinas y también es capaz de degradar la OTC. Adicionalmente, la presencia de OTC, aunque tiene un efecto negativo en la microbiota de la biomezcla el cual debe ser estudiado a mayor profundidad, no afecta el resultado final en la eliminación de los plaguicidas, por lo que la biomezcla se recomienda para el tratamiento simultáneo de plaguicidas y OTC bajo las condiciones probadas en esta investigación.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Maestría Académica en Microbiologí

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Comparación del perfil toxigénico y presencia de mecA en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de quesos y ambientes hospitalarios

Tesis (licenciatura en microbiología y química clínica)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Removal of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Mineralization of 14C-Imidacloprid in Biomixtures

UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA

Removal of carbamates and detoxification potential in a biomixture: Fungal bioaugmentation versus traditional use

The use of fungal bioaugmentation represents a promising way to improve the performance of biomixtures for the elimination of pesticides. The ligninolyitc fungus Trametes versicolor was employed for the removal of three carbamates (aldicarb, ALD; methomyl, MTM; and methiocarb, MTC) in defined liquid medium; in this matrix ALD and MTM showed similar half-lives (14 d), nonetheless MTC exhibited a faster removal, with a half-life of 6.5 d. Then the fungus was employed in the bioaugmentation of an optimized biomixture to remove the aforementioned carbamates plus carbofuran (CFN). Bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented systems removed over 99% ALD and MTM after 8 d of treatment, nonetheless a slight initial delay in the removal was observed in the bioaugmented biomixtures (removal after 3 d: ALD 87%/97%; MTM 86%/99%, in bioaugmented/non-bioaugmented systems). The elimination of the other carbamates was slower, but independent of the presence of the fungus: >98% for MTM after 35 d and >99.5% for CFN after 22 d. Though the bioaugmentation did not improve the removal capacity of the biomixture, it favored a lower production of transformation products at the first stages of the treatment, and in both cases, a marked decrease in the toxicity of the matrix was swiftly achieved along the process (from 435 to 448 TU to values <1TU in 16 d).Universidad de Costa Rica/[802-B4-503]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[802-B4-609]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA

Occurrence of Banned and Currently Used Herbicides, in Groundwater of Northern Greece: A Human Health Risk Assessment Approach

The presence of pesticide residues in groundwater, many years after their phase out in European Union verifies that the persistence in aquifer is much higher than in other environmental compartments. Currently used and banned pesticides were monitored in Northern Greece aquifers and a human health risk assessment was conducted. The target compounds were the herbicides metolachlor (MET), terbuthylazine (TER), atrazine (ATR) and its metabolites deisopropylatrazine (DIA), deethylatrazine (DEA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA). Eleven sampling sites were selected to have representatives of different types of wells. Pesticides were extracted by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography. MET was detected in 100% of water samples followed by ATR (96.4%), DEA and HA (88.6%), DIA (78.2%) and TER (67.5%). ATR, DIA, DEA, HA, MET and TER mean concentrations detected were 0.18, 0.29, 0.14, 0.09, 0.16 and 0.15 μg/L, respectively. Obtained results were compared with historical data from previous monitoring studies and temporal trends were assessed. Preferential flow was the major factor facilitating pesticide leaching within the month of herbicide application. Moreover, apparent age of groundwater and the reduced pesticide dissipation rates on aquifers resulted of long-term detection of legacy pesticides. Although atrazine had been banned more than 18 years ago, it was detected frequently and their concentrations in some cases were over the maximum permissible limit. Furthermore, human health risk assessment of pesticides was calculated for two different age groups though drinking water consumption. In all examined wells, the sum of the HQ values were lower than the unity. As a result, the analyzed drinking water wells are considered safe according to the acute risk assessment process. However, the presence of atrazine residues causes concerns related with chronic toxicity, since ATR R values were greater than the parametric one of 1 × 10−6 advised by USEPA, for both age groups.Unión Europea/[690618 KNOWPEC]/EU/EuropaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA

Antibiotics do not affect the degradation of fungicides and enhance the mineralization of chlorpyrifos in biomixtures

The use of antibiotics in agriculture produces residues in wastewaters. The disposal of such wastewaters in biopurification systems (BPS) employed for the treatment of pesticides could result in the inhibition of the degrading capacity of the biomixtures used in the BPS. We assayed the effect of two commercial formulations of antibiotics used in agriculture, one containing kasugamycin (KSG) and the other oxytetracycline plus gentamicin (OTC+GTM), on the biomixture performance. Doses from 0.1 mg kg−1 to 1000 mg kg−1 of KSG increased the respiration of the biomixture, and low doses enhanced the mineralization rate of the insecticide 14C-chlorpyrifos. On the contrary, OTC+GTM depressed the respiration of the biomixture and the initial mineralization rate of 14C-chlorpyrifos; nonetheless, the antibiotics did not decrease overall mineralization values. The application of both formulations in the biomixture at a relevant concentration did not harm the removal of the fungicides carbendazim and metalaxyl, or their enhanced degradation; on the other hand, the biomixture was unable to dissipate tebuconazol or triadimenol, a result that was unchanged during the addition of the antibiotic formulations. These findings reveal that wastewater containing these antibiotics do not affect the performance of BPS. However, such a response may vary depending on the type of pesticide and microbial consortium in the biomixture.Universidad de Costa Rica/[802-B4-503]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[802-B6-137]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA

An integrative water quality evaluation in two surface water bodies from a tropical agricultural region in Cartago, Costa Rica

A monitoring study was carried out in two micro-catchments in the Reventazón basin, in Northern Cartago, Costa Rica; pesticide occurrence and water quality were analyzed. Twelve pesticides were detected, fve insecticides (chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and oxamyl), four fungicides (carbendazim, imazalil, metalaxyl, and thiabendazole), and three herbicides (diuron, linuron, and terbutryn); eight of them presented risk quotients RQ >1, which implies a high risk for the environment. The water quality evaluation included fourteen physicochemical and microbiological parameters, out of which thermotolerant coliforms, nitrate, and total phosphorus exceeded a selected threshold value in every sample. Five metals were also included in the evaluation, Pb was the most frequent, followed by few detections of Cd, Cu, and Cr. Four water quality indexes (WQIs) were applied, two of them, the CCME WQI, based on physicochemical parameters, and the BMWP-CR WQI, based on benthic macroinvertebrate recount adapted to Costa Rican species, categorized all the sampling points as “bad” and “very bad” quality. This work of monitoring is important in the Latin American region, where there is a lack of information for regulation improvement and management decisions. These results showed poor management of the micro-catchments in this agricultural rural area.Universidad de Costa Rica/[802-B5-400]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA