Density and phenology of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae on citrus: implications for integrated pest management

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a new invasive citrus pest in Spain. It causes severe fruit distortions and, as a new invasive mealybug, there is a lack of information about its biology. This research aims to examine the seasonal trend of D. aberiae in citrus, using several sampling methods, as a first step to develop an integrated pest management program. Ten citrus orchards from Eastern Spain were periodically sampled during three years using absolute (plant material) and relative (corrugated cardboard band traps and sticky traps) sampling methods. The three sampling methods showed that D. aberiae completes multiple generations per year, two of them being clearly defined and resulting in high populations. D. aberiae peaked between May and June, damaging the developing fruit. Corrugated cardboard band traps were able to detect prepupa and pupa male instars and gravid females, providing a quantitative measurement of D. aberiae density at its first population peak. The use of corrugated cardboard band traps is recommended to monitor population levels and sticky traps to determine male flight periods, representing simple sampling techniques to monitor D. aberiae. These results will improve the sampling protocols and allow for the development of an integrated pest management program.We would like to thank the owners of the orchards for allowing us to use their plantations and P. Bru (IVIA) and J. Catalan (IVIA) for their help in sampling. This research was supported by two predoctoral grants (FPU to V. Martinez-Blay and Val I + d to J. Perez-Rodriguez from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively), the European Grants FP7-IAPP #324475 'Colbics' and FP7-IRSES #612566 'Biomodic,' and a national project provided by INIA (Project No. RTA2014-00067). The authors thank Debra Westall (UPV) for revising the manuscript.Martínez-Blay, V.; Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Tena, A.; Soto Sánchez, AI. (2018). Density and phenology of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae on citrus: implications for integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science. 91(2):625-637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0928-yS625637912Afifi SA (1968) Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae: (Homoptera:Coccoidea). Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol, Suppl 13. LondonAgustí M (2003) Citricultura. 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Seasonal Distribution and Movement of the Invasive Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Within Citrus Tree: Implications for Its Integrated Management

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is the most recent species of mealybug introduced to Spain that is affecting citrus. The feeding behavior of D. aberiae causes severe direct damage to citrus fruits, distorting their shape and/or causing reduction in size. There is no information available regarding its distribution within the citrus trees. The main objective of this study was to describe the seasonal distribution of D. aberiae within citrus trees and its migration patterns on the plants. Ten citrus orchards from eastern Spain were periodically sampled during 3 yr. In each orchard, the mealybug was sampled in different infested strata (canopy, trunk, and soil) and canopy structures (flower, fruit, leaf, and twig). Results showed that, within the sampled strata, D. aberiae was mostly in the canopy. Within the canopy, the feeding location of D. aberiae changed throughout the year. D. aberiae overwintered in the twigs and moved to the flowers and fruits in spring. Once there, its populations started to increase exponentially until August. From February to September, 5-30% of the mealybugs migrated to the trunk and soil. These results will facilitate an early detection of the pest in the areas where it is spreading and improve sampling protocols and pesticide applications.We thank the owners of the orchards for allowing us to use their plantations, especially Placido Calabuig. We thank Debra Westall (UPV) for English corrections. The authors are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and corrections. This research was supported by two predoctoral grants (FPU to V.M.-B. and Val I+d to J.P.-R. from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively), a national project provided by Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (project no. RTA2014-00067) and the European grants FP7-IAPP #324475 'Colbics' and FP7-IRSES #612566 'Biomodic'.Martínez-Blay, V.; Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Tena Barreda, A.; Soto Sánchez, AI. (2018). Seasonal Distribution and Movement of the Invasive Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Within Citrus Tree: Implications for Its Integrated Management. Journal of Economic Entomology. 111(6):2684-2692. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy279S26842692111

El uso de la plataforma WebCT en la formación de los estudiantes

Esta experiencia está estrechamente relacionada con la metodología que hemos venido realizando en los últimos cursos académicos. Los estudiantes se han organizado individualmente, parejas o en grupos para trabajar las actividades correspondientes a cada tema a través de la plataforma Virtual WebCT y, se ha dedicado el tiempo de créditos prácticos para su puesta en común en el aula. La metodología se ha basado en estrategias propias de una enseñanza activa y autónoma, centrada en la figura del alumno como elemento clave del sistema de formación y con una participación del profesor/ tutor como dinamizador y facilitador del proceso de aprendizaje. Siendo objetivo prioritario lograr que los alumnos utilicen las diversas herramientas para la participación y la interacción con otros/as compañeros/as, con la profesora y los propios materiales

Aggregation Patterns, Sampling Plan, and Economic Injury Levels for the New Citrus Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is the latest exotic mealybug species introduced in citrus in the Mediterranean basin. It causes severe distortion and size reduction on developing fruits. Due to its first interaction with citrus, D. aberiae economic thresholds are still unknown for this crop and the current Integrated Pest Management programs have been disrupted. The objectives of this study were to determine the aggregation patterns of D. aberiae in citrus, develop an efficient sampling plan to assess its population density, and calculate its Economic and Economic Environmental Injury Levels (EIL and EEIL, respectively). Twelve and 19 orchards were sampled in 2014 and 2015, respectively. At each orchard, population densities were monitored fortnightly in leaves, twigs, and fruit, and fruit damage was determined at harvest. Our results showed a clumped aggregation of D. aberiae in all organs with no significant differences between generations on fruit. Fruit damage at harvest was strongly correlated with fruit occupation in spring. Based on these results and using chlorpyrifos as the insecticide of reference, the EIL and EEIL were calculated as 7.1 and 12.1% of occupied fruit in spring, respectively. With all this, we recommend sampling 275 fruits using a binomial sampling method or alternatively, 140 fruits with an enumerative method bimonthly between petal fall and July.We would like to thank the owners of the orchards for giving us permission to use their plantations, Aureli Marco and Jesus Marques for finding the orchards, and P. Bru (IVIA) and J. Catalan (IVIA) for their help in sampling. This research was supported by two predoctoral grant (FPU toV. M. and Val I+D to J.P.-R.) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively, a national project provided by INIA (Project no. RTA2014-00067) and a European grant (FP7-IAPP324475 'Colbics')Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Martínez-Blay, V.; Soto Sánchez, AI.; Selfa, J.; Monzó, C.; Urbaneja, A.; Tena, A. (2017). Aggregation Patterns, Sampling Plan, and Economic Injury Levels for the New Citrus Pest Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 110(6):2699-2706. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox258S269927061106Allsopp, P. G. (1991). Binomial sequential sampling of adult Saccharicoccus sacchari on sugarcane. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 60(3), 213-218. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01540.xBellard, C., Cassey, P., & Blackburn, T. M. (2016). Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biology Letters, 12(2), 20150623. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623Beltrà, A., Garcia-Marí, F., & Soto, A. (2013). Seasonal Phenology, Spatial Distribution, and Sampling Plan for the Invasive Mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). 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Field evaluation of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as biological control agent of the mealybug Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

[EN] Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the latest invasive mealybugs in Europe. It causes severe fruit distortion and reduced fruit size leading into important economic losses in citrus. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is probably one of the most-used predators of mealybugs in biological control programs worldwide. However, its impact on D. aberiae is still unknown. Here, we conducted a two-year field study in nine citrus orchards located in eastern Spain in order to describe the population dynamics of D. aberiae and C. monirouzieri and evaluate the effect of the predator on D. aberiae using different approaches. Our results showed that C. monirouzieri and D. aberiae had two main synchronised population peaks per year: early spring and summer. Although D. aberiae and C. monirouzieri seasonal trends were synchronised, C. montrouzieri neither reduced mealybug density within the same year nor prevented fruit damage, which occurs early in the season. Moreover, D. aberiae population growth rates were not correlated with C. montrouzieri density. When two consecutive years were analyzed, the increase of D. aberiae in the second year was negatively correlated with the density of C. monirouzieri in summer of the previous year. Based on our two years of data, C. monirouzieri was not able to regulate D. aberiae on its own or prevent the damages produced by the mealybug but might become a valuable addition to the natural enemy guild when combined with other natural enemies and rational control measures.We thank the owners of the citrus orchards for giving us permission to use their plantations. This research was supported by two pre-doctoral grants (FPU to V. M. and Val I + D to J. P-R.) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport and Generalitat Valenciana, respectively, two national projects provided by INIA (Project no. RTA 2014-00067; RTA 2014-00095) and a European grant (FP7-IAPP 324475 'Colbics').Pérez-Rodríguez, J.; Miksanek, JR.; Selfa, J.; Martínez-Blay, V.; Soto Sánchez, AI.; Urbaneja, A.; Tena, A. (2019). Field evaluation of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as biological control agent of the mealybug Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Biological Control. 138:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104027S1713

Impulsando la competitividad internacional de la empresa turística en España: Una agenda de cambio institucional

In a context in which tourism destinations are increasingly seeing the internationalisation of their enterprises, as well as the setting up of foreign businesses there, it becomes a point of interest to know the circumstances under which tourism enterprises can maintain and strengthen their international competitiveness. In order to make a contribution in this area, the present work identifies –in the case of Spain– the necessary changes to the cognitive, normative and regulatory institutional pillars so as to favour the international competitiveness of tourism businesses established in the country. To this end, empirical research has been carried out in two phases, the first qualitative and the second quantitative. The work done makes it possible to identify and prioritise in terms of importance 37 changes to the institutional pillars and 139 more specific measures, which would contribute to improving the international competitiveness of the enterprises in the tourism sector. Given that the competitiveness of enterprises in a country affects their results and their survival, as well as the socio-economic prosperity of the territory, the work presented is of practical utility both for entrepreneurs and business associations, and for those responsible for formulating laws and policies that support the tourism sector in Spain, since all are necessary and responsible actors in the development of the required institutional changes.Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2019 en la modalidad de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas. En un contexto en el que los destinos turísticos asisten de forma creciente tanto a la internacionalización de sus empresas como a la instalación en ellos de empresas foráneas, adquiere elevado interés conocer las circunstancias bajo las cuales la empresa turística puede mantener y reforzar su competitividad internacional. En aras de realizar una contribución en este ámbito, el presente trabajo identifica, para el caso de España, los cambios necesarios en los pilares institucionales cognitivo, normativo y regulativo al objeto de favorecer la competitividad internacional de la empresa turística establecida en el país. A tal objeto se lleva a cabo un trabajo empírico en dos fases, la primera de índole cualitativa y la segunda cuantitativa. El trabajo realizado permite identificar y priorizar 37 cambios en los pilares institucionales, y su concreción en 139 propuestas, que contribuirían a mejorar la competitividad internacional de las empresas del sector. Dado que la competitividad de las empresas de un país afecta a los resultados y supervivencia de estas, así como a la prosperidad socioeconómica del territorio, el trabajo que se presenta es de utilidad práctica tanto para empresarios y asociaciones empresariales como para los responsables de formular leyes y políticas de apoyo al sector turístico en España, pues todos son actores necesarios y con responsabilidad en el desarrollo del cambio institucional requerido

Contribución de la electrónica y fotónica a la tecnología de la rehabilitación

Alrededor de un 15% de la población está afectada en cierto grado por una discapacidad. En la sociedad del bienestar y a las puertas de un nuevo milenio, existe una indudable preocupación por proporcionar a estas personas con discapacidad acceso a servicios similares, y a un mismo grado de independencia que sus conciudadanos. En este sentido, la Tecnología de la Rehabilitación será la encargada de ofrecerles soluciones, productos y servicios que les permitan equipararse con el resto de la sociedad y acceder de forma igualitaria a las mismas tareas, actividades y puestos de trabajo. El soporte tecnológico sobre el que se basarán los citados productos o servicios puede ser variado, aunque disciplinas tradicionales como la electrónica y la fotónica seguirán jugando un papel preponderante.Publicad

Inappropriate prescribing to older patients admitted to hospital: A comparison of different tools of misprescribing and underprescribing

Purpose: This study aims to assess inappropriate prescribing (IP) to elderly patients during the month prior to hospitalization and to compare different IP criteria. Methods: An observational, prospective and multicentric study was carried out in the internal medicine services of seven Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 75 years and older were randomly selected after hospital admission for a year. To assess potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs), the Beers and STOPP criteria were used and to assess Potentially Prescribing Omissions (PPOs), the START criteria and ACOVE-3 medicine quality indicators were used. An analysis to assess factors associated with IP was performed. Results: 672 patients [median age (Q1_Q3) 82 (79-86) years, 55.9% female] were included. Median prescribed medicines in the month prior to hospitalization were 10(Q1-Q3 7-13). The prevalence of IP was 87.6%, and 54.3% of patients had PIMs and PPOs concurrently. A higher prevalence rate of PIMs was predicted using the STOPP criteria than with the Beers criteria (p<.001) and a higher prevalence of PPOs using the ACOVE-3 criteria than using the START criteria (p<.001) was observed. Polypharmacy (≥10 medicines) was the strongest predictor of IP [OR=11.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.96-25.94], PIMs [OR=14.16, 95% CI 6.44-31.12], Beers-listed PIMs [OR=8.19, 95% CI 3.01-22.28] and STOPP-listed PIMs [OR=8.21, 95% CI 3.47-19.44]. PIMs was the strongest predictor of PPOs [OR=2.79, 95% CI 1.81-4.28]. Conclusions: A high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs and PPOs were reported. More than half the patients had simultaneous PIMs and PPOs. The related factors to PIMs and PPOs were different

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Background: Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. Methods: In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (8690) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (713). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Conclusions: Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM