Perfil del menor con expediente judicial en el equipo técnico del juzgado de Castellón

Han sido numerosos los estudios que muestran en España diferentes características de los menores con expediente judicial, analizando aspectos relacionados con el sexo, tipo de delito, edad y número de expedientes. En España, en relación al sexo de los menores, existe un porcentaje de chicos del 87.3 % y un 12.7 % en chicas (Capdevila, 2005). En relación a los tipos de delitos cometidos, el 32.68 % pertenecen a robos con fuerza, el 24.44 % hurtos, y el 23.24 % a robos con violencia e intimidación (De la Rosa, 2009). Se producen más detenciones en menores con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 20 años, a continuación entre 16 a 17 años, y por último, entre 14 a 15 años (centro Reina Sofía, 2009). En cuanto al número de expedientes, diferentes estudios realizados en España recogen que la mayoría de los menores cuentan con un único expediente, es el caso del País Vasco con un 78.3 % de menores pertenecientes a este tipo de trayectoria (San Juan y Ocáriz, 2009). Esta investigación se realiza con el objetivo de elaborar un perfil de los menores que acuden a los juzgados de Castellón y determinar la relación entre distintas variables, comparando los resultados con los de otros estudios. Los datos se recogen en 2011 con una muestra de 206 menores que acuden al equipo técnico del Juzgado de Menores por la incoación de un expediente delictivo. A modo de conclusión, se puede afirmar que el perfil de los menores que acudían a los juzgados de Castellón tenía unas características similares a los estudios analizados y un perfil predominante de bajo nivel de riesgo en relación a la comisión de delitos.In Spain there are many studies showing different characteristic of juvenile with criminal files, analyzing issues related to sex, type of crime, age and number of files. In relation to gender, 87.3 % of the minors are boys and 12.7 % are girls (capdevila, 2005). Regarding types of crimes committed by minors, 32.68 % were robberies, 24.44 % were thefts, and 23.24 % were robbery with violence and threats (De la Rosa, 2009). Most arrests occur in juveniles aged between 18 and 20 years old, followed by the group of 16 to 17, and finally, between 14 and 15 years old (centro Reina Sofia, 2009). In regard to number of convictions, different studies in Spain concluded that most children have at most one, for example in País Vasco 78.3 % of minors belongs to this type of trajectory (San Juan and Ocáriz, 2009). The aim of this research is to develop a profile of the juveniles that attend to the Court of Castellón and to determine the relationship between different variables, comparing results with those of other studies. Data were gathered in 2011 from a sample of 206 minors prosecuted in the Juvenile Court. In conclusion, it was found that the profile of minors who came to the Court of Castellon had similar characteristic to the studies analyzed and a predominant profile associated to low risk of committing crimes

Effects of Fish Oil and Grape Seed Extract Combination on Hepatic Endogenous Antioxidants and Bioactive Lipids in Diet-Induced Early Stages of Insulin Resistance in Rats

© 2020 by the authors.Diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides have been suggested as early predictors of insulin resistance. This study was aimed to examine the combined effects of fish oil (FO) and grape seed extract (GSE) on hepatic endogenous antioxidants, DAG and ceramides in diet-induced early stages of insulin resistance. Thirty-five rats were fed one of the following diets: (1) a standard diet (STD group), (2) a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS group), (3) an HFHS diet enriched with FO (FO group), (4) an HFHS diet enriched with GSE (GSE group) or (5) an HFHS diet enriched with FO and GSE (FO + GSE group). In the liver, endogenous antioxidants were measured using spectrophotometric and fluorometric techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics was conducted for the assessment of DAG and ceramides. After 24 weeks, the FO + GSE group showed increased glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG, and long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides abundances compared to the STD group. The FO and GSE combination induced similar activation of the antioxidant system and bioactive lipid accumulation in the liver than the HFHS diet without supplementation. In addition, the FO and GSE combination increased the abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG in the liver.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant numbers AGL2009-12374-C03-02, AGL2013-49079-C2-1-R and AGL2013-49079-C2-2-R].Peer reviewe

Experiencia docente conastada de un grupo adaptado a las directrices del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior: objetivos, metodologia, valoración de resultados y proyección futura

Objetivo: presentar la experiencia docente llevada a cabo por algunos profesores de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Barcelona desde el curso 2004/05 hasta el 2008/09 en el proceso de adaptación al EEES y al sistema de créditos ECTS. Hacer una valoración global de la experiencia. Metodología de trabajo: observación participativa. Análisis de resultados académicos. Grupo de discusión. Datos de análisis: estudiantes del grupo M6 en los cursos 2004-5, 2005-6, 2006-7, 2007-8 y 2008-9. Seguimiento aleatorio de algunos de estos estudiantes en cursos posteriores. Resultados: incremento de la coordinación y el trabajo en equipo del profesorado; mejora de los resultados académicos en relación a la media de los grupos no adaptados; planificación conjunta de las cargas de trabajo; utilización de mecanismos de apoyo pedagógico novedosos; detección de deficiencias de diverso orden en la consecución de los objetivos inicialmente propuestos para la adaptación al EEES y la aplicación del sistema de créditos ECTS. Conclusiones: la coordinación del profesorado, la reducción del número de alumnos por grupo y la existencia de apoyos técnicos e institucionales a la tarea docente se han mostrado como los instrumentos más eficaces durante los años que ha durado esta experiencia. Perspectiva de futuro: continuación de la iniciativa de trabajo transversal ampliándola a otras asignaturas de cursos posteriores

Fiber-like Action of D-Fagomine on the Gut Microbiota and Body Weight of Healthy Rats

The goal of this work is to explore if the changes induced by D-fagomine in the gut microbiota are compatible with its effect on body weight and inflammation markers in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed a standard diet supplemented with D-fagomine (or not, for comparison) for 6 months. The variables measured were body weight, plasma mediators of inflammation (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotriene B4, and IL-6), and the concentration of acetic acid in feces and plasma. The composition and diversities of microbiota in cecal content and feces were estimated using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing. We found that after just 6 weeks of intake D-fagomine significantly reduced body weight gain, increased the plasma acetate concentration, and reduced the plasma concentration of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers' leukotriene B4, interleukin 6 and 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. These changes were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of Bacteroides and Prevotella feces and increased Bacteroides, Prevotella, Clostridium, and Dysgonomonas while reducing Anaerofilum, Blautia, and Oribacterium in cecal content. In conclusion, D-fagomine induced changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota similar to those elicited by dietary fiber and compatible with its anti-inflammatory and body-weight-reducing effects

Effects of fish oil and grape seed extract combination on hepatic endogenous antioxidants and bioactive lipids in diet-induced early stages of insulin resistance in rats

Diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides have been suggested as early predictors of insulinresistance. This study was aimed to examine the combined effects of fish oil (FO) and grape seedextract (GSE) on hepatic endogenous antioxidants, DAG and ceramides in diet-induced early stagesof insulin resistance. Thirty-five rats were fed one of the following diets: (1) a standard diet (STDgroup), (2) a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS group), (3) an HFHS diet enriched with FO (FO group),(4) an HFHS diet enriched with GSE (GSE group) or (5) an HFHS diet enriched with FO and GSE(FO+GSE group). In the liver, endogenous antioxidants were measured using spectrophotometricand fluorometric techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics was conducted for the assessment of DAGand ceramides. After 24 weeks, the FO+GSE group showed increased glutathione peroxidaseactivity, as well as monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG, andlong-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides abundances compared to the STD group. The FO and GSEcombination induced similar activation of the antioxidant system and bioactive lipid accumulation inthe liver than the HFHS diet without supplementation. In addition, the FO and GSE combinationincreased the abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG in the liver

Combined buckwheat d-fagomine and fish omega-3 pufas stabilize the populations of gut prevotella and bacteroides while reducing weight gain in rats

Some functional food components may help maintain homeostasis by promoting balanced gut microbiota. Here, we explore the possible complementary effects of d-fagomine and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA 1:1) on putatively beneficial gut bacterial strains. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with d-fagomine, ω-3 PUFAs, or both, for 23 weeks. Bacterial subgroups were evaluated in fecal DNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and short-chain fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. We found that the populations of the genus Prevotella remained stable over time in animals supplemented with d-fagomine, independently of ω-3 PUFA supplementation. Animals in these groups gained less weight than controls and rats given only ω-3 PUFAs. d-Fagomine supplementation together with ω-3 PUFAs maintained the relative populations of Bacteroides. ω-3 PUFAs alone or combined with d-fagomine reduced the amount of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids in feces. The plasma levels of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid derived metabolites, triglycerides and cholesterol were lower in both groups supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs. The d-fagomine and ω-3 PUFAs combination provided the functional benefits of each supplement. Notably, it helped stabilize populations of Prevotella in the rat intestinal tract while reducing weight gain and providing the anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits of ω-3 PUFA

The buckwheat iminosugar d-fagomine attenuates sucrose-induced steatosis and hypertension in rats

Scope: This study examines the long-term functional effects of D-fagomine on sucrose4 induced factors of metabolic dysfunctions and explores possible molecular mechanisms behind its action. Methods & results: Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were fed a 35% sucrose solution with D- fagomine (or not, for comparison) or mineral water (controls) for 24 weeks. We recorded: body weight; energy intake; glucose tolerance; plasma leptin concentration and lipid profile; populations of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, bacteroidales, clostridiales, enterobacteriales, and Escherichia coli in feces; blood pressure; urine uric acid and F2t isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs); perigonadal fat deposition; and hepatic histology and diacylglycerols (DAGs) in liver and adipose tissue. D-Fagomine reduced sucrose-induced hypertension, urine uric acid and F2-IsoPs (markers of oxidative stress; OS), steatosis and liver DAGs, without significantly affecting perigonadal fat deposition and impaired glucose tolerance. It also promoted excretion of enterobacteriales generated by the dietary intervention. Conclusion: D-fagomine counteracts sucrose-induced steatosis and hypertension, presumably by reducing the postprandial levels of fructose in the liver

Influence of Dietary Inulin on Fecal Microbiota, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Eicosanoids, and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

The present study examined the influence of inulin on fecal microbiota, cardiometabolic risk factors, eicosanoids, and oxidative stress in rats on a high-fat (HF) diet. Thirty-six male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into three dietary groups: standard diet, HF diet, and HF diet + Inulin diet. After 10 weeks, the HF + Inulin diet promoted high dominance of a few bacterial genera including Blautia and Olsenella in feces while reducing richness, diversity, and rarity compared to the HF diet. These changes in fecal microbiota were accompanied by an increased amount of propionic acid in feces. The HF + Inulin diet decreased cardiometabolic risk factors, decreased the amount of the eicosanoids 11(12)-EET and 15-HETrE in the liver, and decreased oxidative stress in blood compared to the HF diet. In conclusion, increasing consumption of inulin may be a useful nutritional strategy to protect against the onset of obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities by means of modulation of gut microbiota