Characterization of Collagen from Different Discarded Fish Species of the West Coast of the Iberian Peninsula

13 páginas, 5 tablas, 3 figuras.-- This is an open Access article. Non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way, is permitted. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.Skin collagen of six discarded fish species was analyzed and compared. Acid soluble collagen (ASC) was extracted; a characteristic sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile for type I collagen was obtained, except for Chimaera mostrosa. Contents of collagen calculated from HPro (31.85% average) were higher than those determined from ASC extracts (17.75% average), with Galeus spp. being the species with the higher percentage. Amino acid analysis revealed the typical composition of collagen, with very few differences among species. Specific profiles were obtained after protease digestion. Denaturation temperature of ASC correlated well with imino and hydroxyproline contents. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using the obtained collagens in different industrial applicationsThis work was funded by European Union FEDER POCTEP Project 0330_IBEROMARE_1_P, European Union FEDER Atlantic Area Project MARMED-2011-1/164, Xunta de Galicia Project 10TAL011E, and a contract with the “Cooperativa de Armadores del Puerto de Vigo” and FROM (Ministery of Environment, Rural and Maritime Affairs, Spain)Peer reviewe

Andamios porosos (apatita/colágeno) de origen marino para aplicaciones biomédicas

1 póster presentado en las III Xornadas de Investigación BioIntegraSaúde 2015, Vigo 16 xuño 2015.-- E. López-Senra ... et al.FP7/REGPOT-2012-2013.1 (nº 316265, BIOCAPS); UE-INTERREG 2011-1/164 MARMED; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Project MAT2010-18281)Peer reviewe

Specific enzyme detection following isoelectric focusing as a complimentary tool for the differentiation of related Gadoid fish species

5 páginas, 4 figurasThe presence of specific enzymes in the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of eight gadoid fish species has been investigated following isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the 3.5–9.5 pH range. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-3-PD) allowed the differentiation of most of the gadoids tested, even in the case of closely related species belonging to the genus Merluccius. Investigation of arginine kinase and creatine kinase afforded non-specific enzyme patterns in the species tested. Adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase did not give specific or reproducible enzyme patterns. Analysis of LDH and G-3-PD activities in commercial IEF gels was shown to be a reliable and reproducible technique for distinguishing closely related Merluccius spp. and other gadoid fish speciesThe authors thank the financial support of CICYT (Project ALI95-0053)Peer reviewe

Valorization alternatives for a highly unused biomass (Small-spotted catshark discards and by-products) in the framework of LIFE iSEAS project

1 póster presentado en el Total Food Conference 2014 Science and technology for the economic and sustainable exploitation of agri-food chain wastes and co-products, Norwich, Uk, 11-13 November (2014)The authors thank the finnancial support received from the LIFE + Program of the European Union (LIFE Project‐ LIFE13 ENV/ES/000131N

Evaluation of a fast method based on the presence of two restriction sites in the mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) gene for the identification of scomber species

9 páginasThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicusPeer reviewe

Lipid Oxidation Inhibition in Frozen Farmed Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ): Effect of Packaging

3 pages, 1 table.Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) has recently attracted a great interest as a farmed product. This research focuses on its commercialisation as a frozen product. For it, an advanced storage technology combining vacuum and a polyphenolic rich-film was applied for a 9-months storage period (–18°C). The study was addressed to lipid hydrolysis and oxidation changes and to endogenous antioxidant content in salmon muscle. No effect of packaging conditions could be observed on free fatty acid formation. However, vacuum packaging conditions provided a partial inhibition of primary (peroxide) and secondary (anisidine value) lipid oxidation development; this inhibitory effect was accompanied by a lower tocopherol isomers loss. The employment of a film including polyphenolic compounds led to a partial inhibition of α-tocopherol breakdown and to a lower secondary (anisidine value) and tertiary (fluorescent compound formation) lipid oxidation development. A partial inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation development is concluded for the employment of a polyphenolic compound rich-film packaging when applied to farmed coho salmon.This research was carried out in the frame of the Project No. 2006 CL 0034 (2007–2008), granted by the U. Chile-CSIC Cooperation Program. Coho salmon fish was provided by Aquachile SA (Puerto Montt, Chile).Peer reviewe

Effect of soluble collagen hydrolysate from Prionace glauca skin in the expression of human fibroblast collagen

1 póster presentado al 5TH Trans-Atlantic Fisheries Technology Conference (45th) WEFTA MeetingSeafood discards and by-products represent a management and environmental problem for the fishery industry. In last European CFP (UE)1380/2013 regulation, stakeholders are encouraged to find alternative uses for these discards and subproducts different from direct human consumption. One potential for these materials is obtaining high value-added products such as proteins with technological properties (collagen and gelatins), peptides with functional properties (antimicrobial activities, antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-hypertensive) or hemo-pigments (myoglobin).The authors are grateful to the “Programa Operativo FEDER, Cooperación Transfronteriza España-Portugal” for the financial support through the projet 0687_NOVOMAR_1P.Peer reviewe

Optimisation of processing routes for a marine biorefinery

13 páginas, 5 figurasCurrent fishing practices result in the waste of 20 million tonnes of valuable resources every year. However, from now on, vessels must keep on board and land both target and those non-target species subject to quota regulations, as regulated by recent EU legislation, in the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Therefore, an important quantity of low-value marine biomass has to be managed in an efficient manner to avoid its waste. Several added value products apart from fishmeal and oil (like enzymes or nutraceuticals) can be obtained from the wide variety of discarded species trough different valorisation processes. The challenge arises when these species can be handled by more than one processing route. The selection of the best alternatives has to fulfil often-opposite sustainability criteria, considering also the constraints associated to each resource and process. This was achieved by a multiobjective framework using a suitable and efficient optimization approach based on scatter-search. The results from the obtained Pareto fronts show that, in general, the valorisation of specific fish parts rather than the use of the whole specimen is more optimal from both points of view. It is also demonstrated that the most suitable products to be obtained are biopeptides, chondroitin sulphate and fish enzymes, due to their high sales price and relative low environmental impact. On the other hand, alternative technologies to present state-of-the-art ones should be considered for the production of chitin, gelatine and fishmeal due to their high environmental cost. Furthermore, a high number of the most optimal valorisation pathways leave biomass unprocessed and therefore, its treatment as solid waste must be included in the economic and environmental costsThe authors acknowledge the financial support received from the European Union through the LIFE Environment Program of the European Union (LIFE05 ENV/E000267-BE FAIR,LIFE08 ENV/E/000119-FAROS and LIFE13 ENV/ES/000131-LIFE iSEAS). Dr. Amaya Franco-Uría would like to thank Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación for the support provided by the “Ramón y Cajal” SubprogramPeer reviewe

Development of a Real-Time PCR method for the identification of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)

5 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figurasA Real Time-PCR method based on TaqMan technology for the identification of Scomber scombrus has been developed. A system of specific primers and a Minor Groove Binding (MGB) TaqMan probe based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region was designed. The method was successfully tested in 81 specimens of S. scombrus and related species and validated in 26 different commercial samples. An average Threshold Cycle (Ct) value of 15.3 was obtained with S. scombrus DNA. With the other species tested fluorescence signal was not detected or Ct was significantly higher (P < 0.001). The efficiency of the assay was estimated to be 92.41%, with 100% specificity, and no cross reactivity was detected with any other species. These results reveal that the developed method is a rapid and efficient tool to unequivocally identify S. scombrus and may aid in the prevention of fraud or mislabelling in mackerel productsThe work was supported by the project “Traceability control mechanisms in the mackerel food chain between Norway and Japan – TraCtrolMac” (No: 251810704011000009)Peer reviewe

Fish discards management in selected Spanish and Portuguese métiers: Identification and potential valorisation

15 páginas, 4 tablasWith the aim of promoting the responsible and sustainable management of marine resources, the European Union and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have established a set of international guidelines on by-catch management and reduction of discards. In this framework, the minimisation of discards and the optimal valorisation of inevitable unwanted biomass are the main objectives of the optimal and efficient discards management network that has been developed in FAROS LIFE + Project. According to FAO, in 2008, around 27 million tonnes of marine biomass were used for non-food purposes, these including fish meal, fish oil, bait or high-added value compounds production by pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. In this work, the most important discarded species by the selected métiers of interest for FAROS project have been analysed regarding possible valorisation options in a wide variety of sectors, including food products for human consumption. A protocol to easily determine the most suitable valorisation strategies for each of them has been also established. In order to carry out this approach, several factors as the status of stocks in the environment, the valorisation potential of each species or by-product and the amounts discarded by métier have been taken into accountLIFE + Program of the European Union (FAROS Project – LIFE08 ENV/E/000119)Peer reviewe