Reality Shows in Chile, origin and road map. Historical-Communication Dialogues

Los programas de televisión conocidos como Reality shows son un formato televisivo de nuestros tiempos, sin embargo, las prácticas de observación de la intimidad individual y/o grupal han sido desarrolladas desde hace miles de años, algunas veces impulsadas por el placer del voyerismo o por el encanto del morbo; otras tantas, con el fin de vigilar, dirigir y mantener el statu quo. Este trabajo ofrece una propuesta alternativa a la explicación de la aparición de este tipo de programas de TV y la sienta en las prácticas gubernamentales ligadas al terrorismo de Estado moderno inauguradas a fines del siglo XVIII y rememoradas por diferentes regímenes hasta nuestros días.Reality shows are TV programs which represent a format used in television nowadays; however, the observation practices of individual and/or group intimacy dates from thousands years ago. Sometimes this was driven by voyeurism or morbid fascination, some others, by the purpose of guarding, supervising and maintaining status quo. This work offers an alternative answer to the explanation of this type of TV program emergence and relates this appearance to a government procedure bound up with modern State terrorism which began at the end of the eighteenth century and has been recalled by different regimes until present days

Subversion and insurgency in performance Tribute to Sebastián Acevedo

Las Yeguas del Apocalipsis se manifestaron contra el aburguesamiento del arte y de la situación político-social chilena en las postrimerías de la dictadura de Pinochet. Los artistas, basados en la materialidad y uso simbólico del cuerpo humano vivo, denunciaron las relaciones de poder y formaron parte de un relato de memorias contra-hegemónico. Este artículo devela la subversión e insurgencia expresadas por el dúo artístico, a partir de un análisis estético-discursivo del video de la performance Homenaje a Sebastián Acevedo. Se reconoce en esta investigación la demostración de astucia y fuerza discursiva de Casas y Lemebel, y, lo interesante del estudio de la performance señalada como objeto estético activo en la producción del relato de memorias de la resistencia.The Mares of the Apocalypse protested against the gentrification of art and the chilean political-social situation in the aftermath of the Pinochet dictatorship. The artists, based on the materiality and symbolic use of the living human body, denounced power relations and were part of a counter-hegemonic memorys story. This article reveals the subversion and insurgency expressed by the artistic duo, based on an aesthetic-discursive analysis of the video of the performance Tribute to Sebastián Acevedo. The demonstration of cunning and discursive force of Casas and Lemebel is recognized in this investigation, and, the interesting thing about the study of the performance indicated as an aesthetic object active in the production of the narrative of memories of resistance

Reality Shows in Chile, origen y derrotero. Diálogos Histórico-Comunicacionales

Los programas de televisión conocidos como Reality shows son un formato televisivo de nuestros tiempos, sin embargo, las prácticas de observación de la intimidad individual y/o grupal han sido desarrolladas desde hace miles de años, algunas veces impulsadas por el placer del voyerismo o por el encanto del morbo; otras tantas, con el fin de vigilar, dirigir y mantener el statu quo. Este trabajo ofrece una propuesta alternativa a la explicación de la aparición de este tipo de programas de TV y la sienta en las prácticas gubernamentales ligadas al terrorismo de Estado moderno inauguradas a fines del siglo XVIII y rememoradas por diferentes regímenes hasta nuestros días

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Memoria de Resistencia en Chile, 1986-2000. Subversión e insurgencia en la barricada del “Día del joven combatiente”: Subversion and insurgency in the barricade of the “day of the young combatant”

The philosophical criticism elaborated by Nietzsche and Benjamin to the historical narrative, was the foundation that shaped a narrative based on collective memory, gave an account of a past of shared oppression, and led to the creation of a social project of equality elaborated by the resistance, dissident to the program of the ruling hegemony. This essay proposes a theoretical discussion, to demonstrate that the origin of the notion of memorys of resistance is found in the criticism of the historical narrative. Likewise, suggests an empirical study that analyzes the news discourse of the Chilean official press, associated with the commemoration of the “day of the young combatant”, from 1986 to 2000, to demonstrate subversion and insurgency as a strategy and achievement of the memorys of resistance respectively.La crítica filosófica elaborada por Nietzsche y Benjamin al relato histórico fue el fundamento que configuró una narración basada en las memorias colectivas, dio cuenta de un pasado de opresión compartido y desembocó en la creación de un proyecto social de igualdad elaborado por la resistencia, disidente al programa de la hegemonía gobernante. Este ensayo propone una discusión teórica, para demostrar que el origen de la noción de memorias de la resistencia se encuentra en la crítica al relato histórico. Así mismo, sugiere un estudio empírico que analiza el discurso noticioso de la prensa oficialista chilena, asociado a la conmemoración del “Día del Joven Combatiente”, desde 1986 hasta el año 2000, para evidenciar la subversión e insurgencia como estrategia y logro de las memorias de resistencia, respectivamente

Dynamiques urbaines de commémoration et de résistance. Mémoriaux anti-monumentaux au Chili après la rébellion d'octobre 2019:

The aesthetic of the memorials affiliated with the political hegemony in Chile, has developed principally emphasizing the great deeds and magnanimous names from the dominant history. For its part, the aesthetic of political resistance emerged in contexts of social protest and repression, the raising of the figures of the dead, forgotten names, women and characters excluded from the account of traditional memory. From the study of the city, understood as a bordered space, where the accounts of the memories of hegemonies and resistance strain, this work proposes a theoretical and empirical discussion of the anti-monumental aesthetic, applied to the memorial erected in Santiago de Chile in homage to Mauricio Fredes, which is manifested as the text that subverts the feelings of commemoration, from the resistance. In this way, this work offers a reading from the perspective of the history of the present time, of the political, economic and social conditionsthat form the base of the wave of protests that occurred in Chile in October of 2019, which resulted in the death of Fredes, among others, whom the aesthetic of the memories of the resistance commemorate.La estética de los memoriales adscritos a la hegemonía política en Chile, se ha desarrollado relevando principalmente las grandes hazañas y los nombres magnánimos del relato histórico dominante. Por su parte, la estética de las resistencias políticas sugieren, en contextos de protesta social y represión, el levantamiento de las figuras de los vencidos, nombres olvidados, mujeres y personajes excluidos del relato de la memoria tradicional. A partir del estudio de la urbe, entendida como espacio fronterizo, donde se tensionan los relatos de las memorias hegemónicas y resistentes, este trabajo propone una discusión teórica y empírica de la estética anti-monumental, aplicada al memorial erigido en Santiago de Chile en homenaje a Mauricio Fredes, que se manifiesta como el texto que subvierte los sentidos de la conmemoración, desde la insurgencia. Asimismo, este trabajo ofrece una lectura, desde la perspectiva de la historia del tiempo presente, de las condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales que sientan las bases de la ola de protestas desarrolladas en Chile en octubre de 2019, que dan como resultado la muerte de Fredes, entre otras personas, a quien la estética de las memorias de resistencia conmemora.L'esthétique des mémoriaux attachés à l'hégémonie politique au Chili a été développée en mettant en évidence principalement les grands actes et les noms magnanimes du récit historiquedominant. De son côté, l'esthétique de la résistance politique suggère, dans des contextes de contestation sociale et derépression, la montée en puissance de figures de vaincus, de noms oubliés, de femmes et de personnages exclus du récit de la mémoire traditionnelle. Basé sur l'étude de la ville, comprise comme un espace frontalier, où les histoires de mémoires hégémoniques et résistantes sont soulignées, ce travail propose une discussion théorique et empirique de l'esthétique antimonumentale appliquée au mémorial érigé à Santiago du Chili en hommage à Mauricio Fredes, qui se manifeste comme le texte qui subvertit les sens de la commémoration, depuisl'insurrection. De même, ce travail propose une lecture, du point de vue de l'histoire du temps présent, des conditions politiques, économiques et sociales ayant mis les bases de la vague de protestations développée au Chili en octobre 2019, qui a entraîné la mort de Fredes, entre autres, revendiqué par l'esthétique des mémoires de résistance

Dinámicas urbanas de conmemoración y resistencia. Memoriales anti-monumentales en Chile pos rebelión de octubre de 2019

La estética de los memoriales adscritos a la hegemonía política en Chile, se ha desarrollado relevando principalmente las grandes hazañas y los nombres magnánimos del relato histórico dominante. Por su parte, la estética de las resistencias políticas sugieren, en contextos de protesta social y represión, el levantamiento de las figuras de los vencidos, nombres olvidados, mujeres y personajes excluidos del relato de la memoria tradicional. A partir del estudio de la urbe, entendida como espacio fronterizo, donde se tensionan los relatos de las memorias hegemónicas y resistentes, este trabajo propone una discusión teórica y empírica de la estética anti-monumental, aplicada al memorial erigido en Santiago de Chile en homenaje a Mauricio Fredes, que se manifiesta como el texto que subvierte los sentidos de la conmemoración, desde la insurgencia. Asimismo, este trabajo ofrece una lectura, desde la perspectiva de la historia del tiempo presente, de las condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales que sientan las bases de la ola de protestas desarrolladas en Chile en octubre de 2019, que dan como resultado la muerte de Fredes, entre otras personas, a quien la estética de las memorias de resistencia conmemora

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care